An integrated approach for ground water investigation in part of Fatehpur Sikri of district agra-a case study

The Fatehpur Sikri area infringing the western UP, Rajasthan border was investigated for its water supply crisis in respect of poor quality and quantity as well. The study has indicated presence of two parallel quartz reefs running in NE-SW direction. Geohydrological and photogeological studies have revealed the possibility of subsurface extension of quartz reefs. However, this weathered area along reefs is promising water bearing zone. Paleo channels are also marked during studies and the area found suitable for ground water exploitation. A map showing various categories is also presented.     

An integrated study of geospatial information technologies for surface runoff estimation in an agricultural watershed,India

Runoff is one of the important hydrologic variables used in most of the water resources applications. The Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number (SCS-CN) method is adopted for the estimation of surface runoff in the Mehadrigedda watershed area, Visakhapatnam district, India using multispectral remote sensing data, curve number approach and normal rainfall data. The main source of water in the Mehadrigedda watershed area is by rain, most of it drains off and only a little percolates into ground. The weighted curve number is determined based on antecedent moisture condition (AMC)-II with an integration of hydrologic soil groups (HSGs) and land use/land cover LULC categories. An integrated approach is applied to delineate the land use/land cover information as adopted from NRSA classification. The recording of daily rainfall data during the years 1997–2006 is collected from Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) rainguage center at Kottavalasa. It is observed that the annual rainfall-runoff relationship during 1997–2006, which is indicating that the overall increase in runoff with the rainfall of the watershed area. Integration of remote sensing (RS) and geographical infomation system (GIS) techniques provide reliable, accurate and up-to-date information on land and water resources.     

基于GIS的地下水流可视化模拟系统研究

以常州市区与武进市地下水流模拟为例，在研究该地区孔隙地下水流概念模型的基础上，构建了第Ⅱ与第Ⅲ承压水流的数学模型，并将地下水流模拟模型与地理信息系统(GIS)进行有机集成，充分利用GIS的空间分析功能及其可视化表达能力，研究地下水流数值模拟过程中含水层空间与模拟时间的可视化离散、计算参数的可视化赋值、模型的可视化拟合及其模拟结果可视化表达的方法，基本实现了地下水流模拟过程的可视化，为常州及武进地区地下水资源的科学管理提供了空间辅助决策支持。     

Demarcation of palaeochannels and integrated ground water resources mapping in parts of Hisar district,Haryana

Present study deals with the demarcation of palaeochannels and mapping of integrated water resources in parts of Hisar district, Haryana using Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS-1D) LISS-III Data of December 21, 2001. The landforms identified are Sand Dune, Dune Complex, Aeolian Plain, Fluvioaeolian plain, Palaeochannel and Younger Alluvial Plain formed by aeolian, fluvio-aeolian, and fluvial processes. These palaeochannels are first time demarcated in the area. The ground water prospects of various geomorphic units have been assessed. Depth to water level and ground water quality maps were digitized and put in to GIS format. Ground water prospects and quality maps were integrated and depth to water level information was draped on it to prepare final integrated ground water resources map. This map depicts ground water prospects, quality and depth together in a single map, which will help in and ground water exploration.     

改进分水岭方法下的遥感图像水体提取

针对当下全球的水域环境监测中水体提取不完整、与周围地物区分错误等问题,以山东潍河为研究对象,提出了一种改进分水岭分割方法.首先提取目标水体的光谱信息分量作为前景图,然后将膨胀后的水体对象作为背景图,利用前景图与背景图叠加生成标记图,最后利用标记图通过分水岭变换对原图像进行分割以实现水体信息的自动提取.本文将试验结果与OpenCV中手动标记种子点的分水岭算法、基于Canny边缘的分水岭算法、结合形态滤波和标记的分水岭分割方法结果进行了对比.结果表明,本文算法比用种子点手动标记的方法更加自动化,提取的水体更加完整准确;相比于Canny边缘方法又避免了过度分割;比结合形态滤波标记的方法也更加完整准确,目标水体明显,对于水体提取是一种自动化的有效方法.     

基于DEM提取水域特征的一种算法实现

本文提出并实现了一种基于规则格网DEM的地形特征线提取算法。该算法基于水文模拟方法,提出了平地、洼地的结构模型,研究了它们形成复杂洼地的拓扑关系,在此基础上设计了洼地填平等算法,简便快捷,在邙山小流域水土保持项目中得到应用,效果较好。     

高精度轻小型航空遥感集成系统室外检校场建设方案研究

本文分析了室外检校场在高精度轻小型航空遥感集成系统中的作用,根据系统不同集成方式的检校内容和要求,设计了检校场建设的方案。试验证明该检校场能够满足多种集成方式的轻小型航空遥感系统各项参数的检校验证要求。     

基于DEM和水箱理论识别流域河网方法研究

本文应用水箱原理处理流域DEM数据中存在的洼地问题,提出流域河网识别及编码的新方法。首先,确定洼地网格,搜索洼地区域,计算洼地容量,根据水箱原理确定洼地出口,判断洼地的流向;然后,逐层合并消减洼地,修正洼地水流方向;最后,计算网格集水面积,进行河网识别和编码。本文结合云南东川蒋家沟流域的DEM资料进行河网识别,得到了完整的流域河网,结果与实际勘测的河网完全吻合,这表明应用该方法提取流域河网是可行的,能够为进一步的分布式水文、泥石流、环境模型提供条件。     

Prospecting ground water resources using RS-GIS—A case study from arid western rajasthan of India

In arid regions, inherent climatic conditions and adverse terrain condition pose perpetual shortage of water. The dominant aeolian topography conceals older geological formations making it difficult to infer prospects of ground water and tapping the same. A ground water prospect map has been prepared for a part of Jodhpur district in western Rajasthan through integrated analysis of four major controlling factors: geology, geomorphology, structure and hydrology. Through visual interpretation of satellite data and using Geographical Information System, twenty-five hydro-geomorphic units (prospect units) have been delineated and mapped. Potential of each prospect unit have been discussed in reference to hydro-geomorphic units, their influence and well inventory like well yield, water table level and quality of drinking water. 34 % of the area was classified to have high groundwater potential and 5.8 % area was classified into low potential categories. Most of the area (60.2 %) is of moderate ground water potential.     

迁入地资源环境压力指标体系构建与评价——以贵州省纳雍县为例

选取贵州省纳雍县为易地扶贫迁入地研究对象,构建了评价指标体系,对迁入地资源环境压力进行了评价;同时应用层次分析法确定指标权重,计算资源环境压力,并将结果划分为相对高、中、低压力区3个等级。分析结果表明,纳雍县整体资源较为贫乏,生态环境较为脆弱,人均资源量较少,造成资源环境整体压力较大;由贫困发生率与资源环境评价值作相关分析,资源环境压力与贫困发生率呈弱负相关性。     

Photogeotechnical study as resource management

Comprehensive, reliable and uptodate information on natural resources is a pre-requsite for undertaking planned development activities. A knowledge of the present potential resources is esential for formulating and executing effective management strategies for their proper utilisation as the resources are inter dependent and not inexhaustible. Geological and gemorphological mapping are the basic tools not only for search of minerals but also in geotechnical investigations and geologic hazards mapping etc. Romote sensing technique is best suited for inaccessible and hostile terrain study. It ranks very high among others due to its inbuilt and inherent capability of large area coverage and speed for exploring resources and contents within the earth. It suitably overcomes the drawback of uneconomical conventional surveying method and also the handicap of satellite imagery its lack of resolution and stereoscopy. In the present work, an attempt has been made to study an area covering 14.35 sq Km with a view to evolve its geological, geomorphic expressions and explore resource potential by using aerial photographic interpretations. There is plenty of scope to develop photo interpretation technique as a rapid method in exploitation of resource potential and its management.     

Use of aerial photographs in the study of watershed characteristics

Watershed characteristics are studied using aerial photographs for two streams (choes) in the KANDI area of Punjab. Characteristic mapped include, soil erosion, landuse, drainage, topography. The photointerpretation was supplemented with field checks of the interpreted data. The interpreted data shows large areas of soil eroded and the development of bad land due to large scale cutting of the vegetation both in the Siwalik Hills and KANDI area.     

An integrated virtual geographic environmental simulation framework: a case study of flood disaster simulation

Dynamic flood disaster simulation is an emerging and promising technology significantly useful in urban planning, risk assessment, and integrated decision support systems. It is still an important issue to integrate the large assets such as dynamic observational data, numerical flood simulation models, geographic information technologies, and computing resources into a unified framework. For the intended end user, it is also a holistic solution to create computer interpretable representations and gain insightful understanding of the dynamic disaster processes, the complex impacts, and interactions of disaster factors. In particular, it is still difficult to access and join harmonized data, processing algorithms, and models that are provided by different environmental information infrastructures. In this paper, we demonstrate a virtual geographic environments-based integrated environmental simulation framework for flood disaster management based on the notion of interlinked resources, which is capable of automated accumulating and manipulating of sensor data, creating dynamic geo-analysis and three-dimensional visualizations of ongoing geo-process, and updating the contents of simulation models representing the real environment. The prototype system is evaluated by applying it as a proof of concept to integrate in situ weather observations, numerical weather and flood disaster simulation models, visualization, and analysis of the real time flood event. Case applications indicate that the developed framework can be adopted for use by decision-makers for short-term planning and control since the resulting simulation and visualization are completely based on the latest status of environment.     

An integrated wavelet concept of physical geodesy

For the determination of the earth's gravity field many types of observations are nowadays available, including terrestrial gravimetry, airborne gravimetry, satellite-to-satellite tracking, satellite gradio-metry, etc. The mathematical connection between these observables on the one hand and gravity field and shape of the earth on the other is called the integrated concept of physical geodesy. In this paper harmonic wavelets are introduced by which the gravitational part of the gravity field can be approximated progressively better and better, reflecting an increasing flow of observations. An integrated concept of physical geodesy in terms of harmonic wavelets is presented. Essential tools for approximation are integration formulas relating an integral over an internal sphere to suitable linear combinations of observation functionals, i.e. linear functionals representing the geodetic observables. A scale discrete version of multiresolution is described for approximating the gravitational potential outside and on the earth's surface. Furthermore, an exact fully discrete wavelet approximation is developed for the case of band-limited wavelets. A method for combined global outer harmonic and local harmonic wavelet modelling is proposed corresponding to realistic earth's models. As examples, the role of wavelets is discussed for the classical Stokes problem, the oblique derivative problem, satellite-to-satellite tracking, satellite gravity gradiometry and combined satellite-to-satellite tracking and gradiometry. Received: 28 February 1997 / Accepted: 17 November 1997     

Peck公式在天津隧道盾构施工地面沉降预测中的适用性分析

本文根据天津市区至滨海新区快速轨道交通工程中山门西段SZm标段盾构区间工程的实际观测数据,确定了适用于天津地区的Peck公式以及纵向沉降的指数公式的参数取值范围,并利用确定参数后的公式对地面沉降进行了预测和实际的沉降观测,对比结果显示,参数的确定基本准确,经过修正后的公式可以用于天津地铁施工的地面沉降的预测。     

An integrated land vehicle navigation system based on context awareness

In the complex urban environments, land vehicle navigation purely relying on GNSS cannot satisfy user needs due to the loss of satellite signals caused by obstructions such as buildings, tunnels, and trees. To solve this problem, we introduce a GPS-/MSINS-/magnetometer-integrated urban navigation system based on context awareness. In this system, the data from the Micro Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (MSINS) are used to analyze and detect the context knowledge of vehicles, whose sensor errors can be compensated by the heuristic drift reduction algorithm for different motion situations. When GPS is available, the vehicle position can be estimated by unscented Kalman Filter, whereas in the case of GPS outages, the vehicle attitude is provided by an attitude and heading reference system and the motion constraints-aided algorithm is used to complete the positioning. In the experiment validation, the integrated navigation system is set up by low-cost inertial sensors. The result shows that the proposed system can achieve high accuracy when GPS is available. For most of the time without GPS, the system can guarantee the positioning precision of 10 m and compensate the errors of MSINS effectively, which fully satisfies positioning needs in complex urban environments.     

船载多传感器一体化测量技术与应用

船载水上水下一体化测量技术是近年来的一项新兴技术,该技术通过对多波束测深仪、激光扫描仪、海洋船只定位导航等设备的集成,进行水上水下一体化测量。针对实际海岛（礁）测绘中,登岛困难、岛上作业条件差及测绘任务重、难度系数大等问题,本文介绍了一种船载多传感器一体化测量技术,并通过对船载水上水下一体化测量系统实施海岛礁、水中构筑物、港区等近岸一体化测量,阐明系统在应用案例中的性能优势,为水上水下一体化测量技术进一步应用开拓思路。     

Hydrogeomorphological mapping in ground water exploration using remotely sensed data — a case study in keonjhar district, orissa

Identification of fractures/lineaments and hydrogeomorphic units is prerequisite for undertaking ground water exploration and development in any terrain. Use of satellite remote sensing techniques coupled with aerial photo-interpretation greatly aid in planning ground water exploration, and pin pointing well sites In this study, airborne and space borne data was used for qualitative evaluation of ground water resources and a critical appraisal of such study in combination with hydrogeological and hydrogeophysical techniques for ground water exploration and development in Keonjhar district of Orissa. The study area has been divided into various geomorphic units based on visual interpretation of Landsat (TM) false colour composite on. 1:2,50,000 scale and the ground water potential of each of the units is qualitatively assessed. Digital image processing techniques such as principal component analysis and brightness index were used for generating classified outputs. The features like valley fills, pediments ete appeared clearly on the classified image. Directional filtering brought out minor fractures/lineaments crisply. The study has revealed the significance of different hydrogeomorptuc units and lineaments in Controlling ground water potential of the area. The findings were corroborated by resalts of drilling and resistivity soundings.