厦门地震台RTP-1观测仪电源故障处理

地震数字化观测数据不正常的原因很多,主要有仪器故障、电源故障和通信故障.通过总结厦门地震台RTP-1观测仪的一次电源故障的处理经验,供其他台站参考.     

台站电源远程管理单元的实现

由电源测控单元、短信平台及远程控管平台构成的上海市地震局台站电源远程管理单元,实现了对台站市电、UPS、电池组等设备状态的实时监控,对台站电池组的远程充放电功能,以及对台站电源故障的短信告警,为用户提供了可视化的台站电源状态报表,提高了用户对电源故障的处理效率和台站设备运行率。     

成都地震基准台及其下属台站地磁干扰类型和数据预处理分析

利用成都地震监测中心站及其下属台站的地磁观测数据,分类统计了八套GM4仪器出现的各类干扰,并对干扰数据的预处理办法进行了研究.这些台站目前存在的地磁干扰主要有空间电磁影响、直流高压输电、地电阻率、地铁轻轨、电源故障、仪器故障、雷击、人为、车辆和基建工程干扰.通过利用预处理方法,可以剔除观测数据中特定的干扰信息,从而提高...     

SOMATOM AR.C型CT机复位故障检修

本文介绍了由电源故障引起的不可逆转故障,并讨论了维修和故障的排除。     

大同中心地震台钻孔应变数据异常调查分析

针对大同中心地震台YRY-4钻孔应变仪出现的短周期数据变化问题,通过分析异常数据的变化特征和自洽性,结合台站对数据变化原因的排查,排除了地球物理异常和仪器故障等因素的影响,认为该数据变化应为观测室电源内部线路磨损漏电导致.更换电源后,观测数据曲线恢复正常,提高了数据精度和观测质量.     

提升台站供电持续性的方法研究

上海地震台针对测震台网参评台站电源故障发生后需快速修复、避免断记这一时效性需求特点,研发的台站电源系统具备可快速有效自修复的功能.该系统中的相关电路模块在台站应用中取得了较显著的效果,减少了断记时间,提高了运行率和运行质量.     

基于SMS的UPS故障报警系统在地震信息网络中的实现与应用

为了解决不间断电源系统(UPS)的实时故障报警问题,提出一种手机短信报警的实现方法.该方法首先基于简单网络管理协议(SNMP),由网络管理站实时监控、接收UPS发生停电或故障时自动触发的Trap自陷信息,并生成UPS故障报警记录,然后基于SMS方式,由短信服务器将故障报警信息第一时间发送给网络管理员.最后通过模拟各类UPS故障成功自动触发手机短信报警,验证了设计的实用性和有效性.     

网管系统与电源监控结合在黑龙江省地震台网的应用

通过介绍黑龙江省地震台网运行的网络监控管理系统和智能电源监控平台,以及将上述两套监控系统的关键数据提取融合并再次开发的运维管理系统,从多种监控数据综合判定远端台站故障原因,提高台网故障响应能力和运维效率.     

地电阻率观测系统稳流电源技术的发展

详尽地分析了地电阻率观测系统的供电电源的发展过程。对几种电源的技术指标和性能作出了评价。在对几种电源的若干技术问题进行了分析和讨论后，指出对地电阻率观测系统的稳流电源的设计应用高频开关电源技术。介绍了作设计的主电路图。     

新疆测震台站部分常发故障分析与讨论

对新疆测震台站各类仪器设备经常出现的部分故障进行总结,内容涵盖地震数据采集系统、台站电源系统、台站数据通信系统经常出现的各类故障,阐述了故障表象,对故障产生原因进行分析与总结,并提出相应解决方案。对多种类型地震专业设备、多类台站通信方式进行对比分析,阐述了在实际使用中各自的优缺点与适用性,以期在台站改造与建设中起到参考作用。     

东、南洞庭湖的径流、泥沙特征及冲淤规律

通过实地调查并对1957年以来水文、泥沙观测资料做系统分析和计算,探讨东、南洞庭湖出、入湖水量、沙量的年际和年内变化特征,以及长江下荆江段裁弯对湖区径流和泥沙的影响。提出了湖区泥沙汛淤枯冲的变化规律及水位升降与湖区泥沙冲淤的关系;论证了丰、平、枯年湖区淤积严重,面积日益缩小对径流的调节作用正在减弱。     

燕郊等测点迁移优化与地磁观测研究

为优化地磁观测条件，开展了燕郊、夏垫等测点迁移工作；按照测眯迁移原则与实施技术方案，完整地收集并整理了地质构造与地球物理等方面的基本资料；进行了野外实地勘察，磁场梯度的测量，确定了新测点，在新老测点上进行了较长时间的地磁场对比观测；应用多种方法分析研究了地磁对比观测资料，结果表明，新老测点与有关测点的地磁变化具有良好的一致性，并得到了新老测点之间的地磁数据的按点差。     

Temporal variations and scaling of streamflow and baseflow and their nitrate-nitrogen concentrations and loads

The patterns of temporal variations of precipitation (P), streamflow (SF) and baseflow (BF) as well as their nitrate-nitrogen (nitrate) concentrations (C) and loads (L) from a long-term record (28 years) in the Raccoon River, Iowa, were analyzed using variogram and spectral analyses. The daily P is random but scaling may exist in the daily SF and BF with a possible break point in the scaling at about 18 days and 45 days, respectively. The nitrate concentrations and loads are shown to have a half-year cycle while daily P, SF, and BF have a one-year cycle. Furthermore, there may be a low-frequency cycle of 6–8 years in C. The power spectra of C and L in both SF and BF exhibit fractal 1/f scaling with two characteristic frequencies of half-year and one-year, and are fitted well with the spectrum of the gamma distribution. The nitrate input to SF and BF at the Raccoon watershed seems likely to be a white noise process superimposed on another process with a half-year and one-year cycle.     

GIS与防灾减灾

地理信息系统(GIS)在我国已得到广泛的应用。在简要介绍G1S的发展历程、特点和发展趋势的基础上，重点从防灾减灾的角度介绍了GIS在气象灾害、地震灾害、地质灾害等领域的应用成果。     

Fault and system stiffnesses and stick-slip phenomena

Summary This paper discusses the influence of system stiffness on the dynamic instability of fault surfaces under laboratory conditions for a number of test modes. In conjunction with shear load stiffness, the normal load stiffness, often neglected, is shown to have a considerable effect on the stick-slip process —its presence or absence and its characteristics. Also appropriate stiffnesses are suggested for an earthquake sequence modeled as a growing dislocation.     

Correlation of foreshocks and aftershocks and asperities

A close correlation in spatial distribution of local seismic activity and energy release patterns before and after the 1979 Petatlan, Mexico earthquake suggests heterogeneity within the fault plane of this major low-angle thrust event associated with subduction along the Middle America Trench. A simple two-asperity model is proposed to account for the complexity. Foreshocks and aftershocks of the neighboring 1981 Playa Azul earthquake showed a similar pattern. As both events occurred at the junction of the Orozco Fracture Zone and the Middle America Trench, we speculate that the observed complex fault plane is caused by subduction of the rugged ocean floor of the Orozco Fracture Zone. Short-term precursory seismicity prior to the Petatlan earthquake can be explained by using the asperity model and migration of a slip front from the south-east to the north-west across the main shock source region.     

地震系统科技信息资源集成整合的探索与研究

本文探索了网络化环境下,利用现代化的信息技术,对地震科技信息资源集成整合以及共建共享等问题。     

Causes and solutions of overshoot and undershoot and end swing in Hilbert-Huang transform

Introduction Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) is a great break in processing nonlinear and non-stationary data and can be successfully used in many science domains. There are mainly two parts in this method. The first part is to decompose the original data into several intrinsic mode functions (IMF) with the empirical mode decomposition (EMD). IMF components are derived from the original data directly according to the local characteristics in the data under some rules, so that IMF are poste…     

石油双机（有机+无机）混合成因的研究与探索

石油与天然气的成因问题关系到我国乃至世界各国能源结构的配置及其能源在社会与经济发展中的地位和导向.自从17世纪展开对石油的有机与无机成因的争论以来,至今已有约300~400年的历史.尽管有机成因论占据了统治地位,但是无机成因论亦不断地在兴起！通过对这二者的理解和研究,从理论上讲他们都具有一定的物质基础和论据.基于对国内、外一些特异油田的生储环境,原油中所富含的微量金属元素的聚集与散失,某些油田中并未找到卟啉分子这样的生物标志物,碳、氢、氧化学合成实验等方面取得了一定的成效,故全盘否定无机生油的论点和论据确尚感为时过早或欠妥！显然,在以有机物成油为主体的前提下,无机物亦可生成部分石油,并通过运移、渗透到各油田的储集层中应是完全可能的.基于这样的分析、研究和探索,现提出石油的双机（a有机+b无机）混合成因的新理念.诚希能在今后的石油工业发展中,从理论、技术、实验和实践中强化对双机混合成因新理念的深化研究与探索,以达深切理解和扩展石油生、储空间环境等是不无裨益的！

     

Advancements and best practices for analysis and correlation of tephra and cryptotephra in ice

Geochemical analysis of fine grained (<20 μm) tephra found in ice cores is inherently difficult, due to the typically low number and small size of available particles. Ice core tephra samples require specialized sample preparation techniques to maximize the amount of information that can be gained from these logistically limited samples that may provide important chronology to an ice record, as well as linking glacial, marine and terrestrial sediments. We have developed a flexible workflow for preparation of tephra and cryptotephra samples to allow accurate and robust geochemical fingerprinting, which is fundamental to tephrochronology. The samples can be prepared so that secondary electron imagery can be obtained for morphological characterization of the samples to ensure that the sample is tephra-bearing and then the sample can be further prepared for quantitative electron microprobe analysis using wavelength dispersive techniques (EMP-WDS), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) or secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Some samples may be too small for typical instrumentation conditions to be used (i.e. 20 μm beam on the EMP) to analyze for geochemistry and we present other techniques that can be employed to obtain accurate, although less precise, geochemistry. Methods include analyzing unpolished tephra shards less than 5 μm in diameter with a 1 μm beam on an SEM; using the “broad beam overlap” EMP method on irregular particles less than 20 μm in diameter, and analyzing microlitic shards as well as aphyric shards using EMP to increase the number of analyzed shards in low abundance tephra layers. The methods presented are flexible enough to be employed in other geological environments (terrestrial, marine and glacial) which will help maximize and integrate multiple environments into the overall tephra framework.