实时传输潜标系统

实时传输潜标是集多学科的海洋调查测量高新技术设备,能长期、隐蔽地对海洋动力参数和环境要素进行实时立体综合监测。实时传输潜标系统由流线型主浮体系统、多套水面卫星通信浮标系统、锚泊系留回收系统、控制中心及岸站接收系统等组成,最大     

物联网在海洋相关领域研究与应用进展

随着科学技术的发展,物联网正成为海洋领域的前沿研究内容之一。在海洋观测领域,利用物联网构建海洋环境立体观测体系,对于研究全球气候变化、海上态势感知、海洋灾害预报等具有重大意义;在海岛生态监测领域,利用海岛生态物联网系统可以实现海岛生态的长期实时监测;在海洋牧场监测领域,利用物联网可以实现海洋牧场的环境、生物等要素的实时监测;在智能船舶领域,利用物联网可以实现船舶自身、港口、物流的信息自动感知。文章探讨了物联网在上述4个领域的研究与应用进展,以期进一步促进物联网在我国海洋信息化中的应用与发展。     

“两洋一海”重要海域海洋动力环境立体观测示范系统数据中心设计与实现

"两洋一海"重要海域海洋动力环境立体观测示范系统数据中心(以下简称"数据中心")作为"两洋一海"重要海域海洋动力环境立体观测示范系统的重要组成部分,采用B/S+C/S架构,通过实时/准实时资料接收与加载系统、资料解码与标准化处理系统、数据库系统、管理监控系统,以及配套硬件建设,实现面向"两洋一海"保障信息产品的接收、处理、加载、存储、监控和展示等功能。     

天津沿海风暴潮实时监测预报系统

本文简要介绍了天津沿海风暴潮实时监测预报系统建设的必要性和系统的结构、功能、组成等方面的概况。该系统将实时监测技术、计算机网络技术与信息处理技术有效地结合起来，实现了潮汐、风速、风向等监测参数在无人值守情况下的连续、自动观测和计算机网络系统的实时接入与发布。它的建立一方面可为管理部门、预报部门和生产部门提供实时的监测信息，另一方面可在风暴潮来临时为领导决策提供历史资料和预报信息。它的应用对减少海洋灾害的损失，促进风暴潮减灾防灾体系的建设起到了积极的作用。     

地理信息系统在海洋领域的应用

根据海洋开发管理的特征和地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）所具备的功能,讨论了地理信息系统在海洋领域的应用前景。我们可以借助地理信息系统,利用空间信息技术、计算机网络与通讯技术和数据库管理技术建立现代化的海洋立体监督系统,来监测、开发和管理我国海洋环境与资源;使海洋管理建立在形象直观和科学的基础上,更有效地为海洋资源的开发、环境和气候的监测、防灾减灾以及维护国家权益服务。     

胶州湾海洋生态保护信息化平台设计

“智慧胶州湾”是以服务胶州湾综合整治修复为目标,以信息化应用为手段,以信息采集、传输网络和大数据为基础,以物联网、智能化和移动互联技术为核心的海洋综合管理平台。通过搭建胶州湾基础数据服务平台,可基本实现海洋数据监测采集设备、数据传输网络以及数据计算和存储设施的虚拟化和资源池化,为智慧胶州湾综合管理平台及其应用提供大数据支撑,推进业务和数据的协同与共享。平台主要包括海洋环境立体实时在线监测系统、海洋智慧分析评价系统、海洋保护与管理信息系统、海洋功能区管控信息系统、海洋经济管理系统和虚拟胶州湾系统。通过平台的建设和应用,可掌握胶州湾海洋生态环境状况、保障胶州湾生态环境安全以及提高政府服务水平和效率。     

平台基海洋环境立体监测系统的研制及应用

介绍了一种基于海洋石油平台的海洋动力环境立体监测系统的系统组成和工作原理。该平台基监测系统由气象监测系统、浮标监测系统、有缆潜标监测系统、测波雷达、通信和岸站系统五部分组成,开展风、浪、流、内波等环境参数的长期、定点监测,并通过平台网络系统实时传输测量数据。经过海上长期试验表明该系统能够稳定可靠地在平台上运行,可为中国油气资源开发走向深海提供可靠的技术支撑和安全保障。     

海洋平台结构实时安全监测系统

阐述了海洋平台结构实时计算模型的建立和修正方法，确定了在海洋环境监测的基础上本系统实时环境荷载，提出了海洋平台结构实时安全评估的方法，采用Delphi开发工具，开发出了Windows应用程序“海洋平台结构实时安全监测系统”。该系统于1998－1999年和1999－2000年冬季两次在渤海JZ20－2MUQ平台上试运行，实时监测了JZ20－2MUQ平台两个冬季的安全状况。     

区域性海洋环境立体监测和信息服务系统集成技术

海洋环境立体监测和信息服务系统高新技术 ,包括近海环境自动监测技术、高频地波雷达海洋环境监测技术、海洋遥感环境监测应用系统技术、系统集成和信息产品技术 ,并按照模块化、网络化的原则将以上技术成果在上海集成为一个业务化运行的海洋环境立体监测应用示范系统。该系统将对上海和浙江海区实现从空中、水面和水中的多平台实时监测 ,并利用现场获取的水文、气象、污染 /生态等环境要素的监测数据 ,制作出预报、后报、统计分析和专项服务的信息产品 ,进而能有效地向示范区用户提供各种形式的信息服务。该系统为我国沿海地区发展海洋经济…     

福建海洋环境立体监测信息服务系统的设计与实施

海洋环境立体监测信息服务系统是海洋环境立体监测系统中最重要的子系统之一,其目的在于集成整合由海洋环境立体监测网络获取的海洋环境信息以及各种海洋专题应用信息系统,提供全方位、多层次的海洋信息服务.本文首先介绍了福建海洋环境立体监测信息服务系统的结构设计,然后讨论了系统的建设与实施,接着介绍了福建海洋环境立体监测信息服务系统提供的信息服务内容与功能,最后总结得出结论认为系统的建设为决策者整体把握福建海洋环境监测信息提供了一体化、便捷的手段.     

The potential value of improved ocean observation systems in the Gulf of Mexico

A number of coastal and ocean observation systems exist throughout the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), but the network of systems is not currently linked or integrated and at present not fully implemented. The network of local systems are diverse, typically involving unique mandates and several different funding sources at various levels of permanence. The purpose of this paper is to describe the ocean observation systems that currently exist in the GOM, and to identify and quantify the expected economic benefits that may result from the implementation of an integrated regional network. Improved ocean observation systems are expected to reduce the uncertainty of ocean/weather forecasting and to enhance the value of ocean/weather information throughout the Gulf region. The source of benefits and the size of activity from which improved ocean observation benefits may be derived are estimated for private sector, non-market, and public sector activities categorized according to marine transportation, commercial fishing, recreational fishing, search and rescue operations, and pollution management. The benefits of improved ocean observation systems to energy exploration, development, and production activities are estimated, and a discussion of potential benefits to lightering activities, environmental monitoring, royalty payments, and engineering design are highlighted.     

海洋环境立体监测系统的设计方法

“九五”和“十五”期间,在国家海洋863计划的支持下,我国分别在上海和台湾海峡及毗邻海域建立了两个区域性海洋环境立体监测示范系统。在这两个示范系统的技术研究成果的基础上,通过分析国际海洋立体监测系统的设计模型,提出了区域性海洋环境立体监测系统的设计原则和设计方法,包括:系统结构、数据与信息服务通信网络、数据处理中心、数据流程以及系统功能等方面的设计方法。     

The economics of the common heritage

It is the thesis of this paper that (a) a very large part of the resources, goods and services in the next century will be ocean-dependent; and (b) that the particular nature of the ocean environment magnifies the issues challenging contemporary economic thinking in general. It is quite possible, therefore, that radical innovation in economic thinking will come from “ocean economics” rather than from land-oriented resource or environmental economics. This becomes quite plausible if one thinks that in other (though obviously related) sectors of new thinking, such as international law and governance, the marine sector has played a leading role, just because the ocean is a medium so different from land that it forces us to think differently. In the future the state of marine environment and health of the ocean will have large economical implications at the regional and global level, as it already has today in a number of places at the local and sub-regional level. Hence this overview within the context of this special issue. The paper will begin with a brief assessment of the oceans resource potential for the next century; it will then describe some of the issues humankind has to face in the use and management of these resources, and, in conclusion, the paper will attempt to distill some guidelines for “ocean economics” in the next century.     

A global ocean observing system framework for sustainable development

Sustainable development depends on maintaining ecosystem services which are concentrated in coastal marine and estuarine ecosystems. Analyses of the science needed to manage human uses of ecosystem services have concentrated on terrestrial ecosystems. Our focus is on the provision of multidisciplinary data needed to inform adaptive, ecosystem-based approaches (EBAs) for maintaining coastal ecosystem services based on comparative ecosystem analyses. Key indicators of pressures on coastal ecosystems, ecosystem states and the impacts of changes in states on services are identified for monitoring and analysis at a global coastal network of sentinel sites nested in the ocean-climate observing system. Biodiversity is targeted as the “master” indicator because of its importance to a broad spectrum of services. Ultimately, successful implementation of EBAs will depend on establishing integrated, holistic approaches to ocean governance that oversee the development of integrated, operational ocean observing systems based on the data and information requirements specified by a broad spectrum of stakeholders for sustainable development. Sustained engagement of such a spectrum of stakeholders on a global scale is not feasible. The global coastal network will need to be customized locally and regionally based on priorities established by stakeholders in their respective regions. The E.U. Marine Strategy Framework Directive and the U.S. Recommendations of the Interagency Ocean Policy Task Force are important examples of emerging regional scale approaches. The effectiveness of these policies will depend on the co-evolution of ocean policy and the observing system under the auspices of integrated ocean governance.     

Revealing pelagic habitat use: the tagging of Pacific pelagics program

Tagging of Pacific pelagics (TOPP) is a pilot program of the Census of marine life (CoML) that will lead to understanding of pelagic habitat use by marine vertebrates and large squid in the North Pacific. Taking a multispecies approach, the TOPP project will use a range of electronic tag technologies to put the distribution and behavior of pelagic organisms in the context of the oceanography of the North Pacific. Tag-bearing animals will be used as autonomous ocean profilers to enhance sparse oceanographic observations for vast ocean regions. These autonomous ocean samplers will provide unprecedented coverage of the water column structure of the North Pacific. The temporal and spatial data generated by this project will provide an “organism-eye” view of several interactive oceanic regimes in the North Pacific. Twenty target species, including tunas, sharks, pinnipeds, cetaceans, seabirds, and marine turtles, will be monitored with electronic tags. Animal-collected oceanic data will be assimilated into global ocean databases, complement traditional methodologies and be used to help validate nearshore, regional, and basin scale ocean models. As more environmental information is gathered and delivered from the tagged animals, new insights will be obtained about their individual behaviors, as well as how diverse species have separately evolved to forage, reproduce, and survive in the vast pelagic environment. This multi-disciplinary approach will allow a novel merger of biological and physical data to provide a new understanding of the relationship between the movements and behaviors of marine organisms and oceanographic processes in the eastern North Pacific.     

中国海洋卫星遥感应用进展

我国海洋遥感应用自20世纪70年代起步以来,取得了长足发展,构建了覆盖海洋水色、海洋动力和海洋监视监测的三大系列海洋卫星,并初步形成了具有优势互补的卫星海洋遥感业务化应用体系。本文回顾了我国海洋卫星遥感应用取得的重要进展,重点介绍了卫星遥感在海洋环境与资源监测、海洋灾害监测、海洋权益维护、海洋环境预报与安全保障等方面所构建的典型应用示范系统,以及开展的典型业务化监测应用。最后,文章对我国海洋卫星遥感应用下一步发展进行了展望分析。     

Down-scaled regional ocean modeling system (ROMS) for high-resolution coastal hydrodynamics in Korea

A down-scaled operational oceanographic system is developed for the coastal waters of Korea using a regional ocean modeling system(ROMS).The operational oceanographic modeling system consists of atmospheric and hydrodynamic models.The hydrodynamic model,ROMS,is coupled with wave,sediment transport,and water quality modules.The system forecasts the predicted results twice a day on a 72 h basis,including sea surface elevation,currents,temperature,salinity,storm surge height,and wave information for the coastal waters of Korea.The predicted results are exported to the web-GIS-based coastal information system for real-time dissemination to the public and validation with real-time monitoring data using visualization technologies.The ROMS is two-way coupled with a simulating waves nearshore model,SWAN,for the hydrodynamics and waves,nested with the meteorological model,WRF,for the atmospheric surface forcing,and externally nested with the eutrophication model,CE-QUAL-ICM,for the water quality.The operational model,ROMS,was calibrated with the tidal surface observed with a tide-gage and verified with current data observed by bottom-mounted ADCP or AWAC near the coastal waters of Korea.To validate the predicted results,we used real-time monitoring data derived from remote buoy system,HF-radar,and geostationary ocean color imager(GOCI).This down-scaled operational coastal forecasting system will be used as a part of the Korea operational oceanographic system(KOOS) with other operational oceanographic systems.     

HY-1C卫星CZI载荷的黄海绿潮提取研究

海洋一号C（HY-1C）卫星是中国首颗海洋水色业务卫星,其搭载的海岸带成像仪（CZI）在近海海洋环境监测中正发挥越来越重要的作用;随着搭载有相同传感器的HY-1D卫星发射,双星组网观测,可形成3天2次的高频次、大范围对海观测能力,在海洋漂浮藻类、海洋溢油等目标探测方面具备优异的效能。高空间分辨率光学数据中包含了丰富的海洋环境信息,给特定目标的识别提取带来一定干扰。本研究面向HY-1C卫星CZI载荷开展中国近海漂浮藻类识别提取的业务化应用需求,发展基于藻类缩放指数与虚拟基线高度融合的海洋漂浮藻类识别提取算法,算法优选适用于无短波红外波段国产数据的虚拟基线高度指数来增强藻类信号,通过藻类缩放指数滑动窗口运算,有效剔除高空间分辨率光学数据中的复杂干扰信息,实现了基于CZI数据的海洋漂浮藻类高精度提取,且具有较好的计算运行效率。此外,结合准同步高分卫星16 m多光谱数据,开展CZI数据含藻像元的不确定性分析,发现CZI数据反演结果对近海小斑块漂浮藻类存在不可忽视的高估现象。研究还指出,光学数据用于漂浮藻类监测,其不确定性不仅来源于传感器的空间分辨率差异,还与海洋漂浮藻类形态特征的空间分异性有关。明晰海洋漂浮藻类的形态学空间分异特征,将有助于提高光学数据反演结果的精度,并阐明不确定性。     

Societal need for improved understanding of climate change, anthropogenic impacts, and geo-hazard warning drive development of ocean observatories in European Seas

Society’s needs for a network of in situ ocean observing systems cross many areas of earth and marine science. Here we review the science themes that benefit from data supplied from ocean observatories. Understanding from existing studies is fragmented to the extent that it lacks the coherent long-term monitoring needed to address questions at the scales essential to understand climate change and improve geo-hazard early warning. Data sets from the deep sea are particularly rare with long-term data available from only a few locations worldwide. These science areas have impacts on societal health and well-being and our awareness of ocean function in a shifting climate.Substantial efforts are underway to realise a network of open-ocean observatories around European Seas that will operate over multiple decades. Some systems are already collecting high-resolution data from surface, water column, seafloor, and sub-seafloor sensors linked to shore by satellite or cable connection in real or near-real time, along with samples and other data collected in a delayed mode. We expect that such observatories will contribute to answering major ocean science questions including: How can monitoring of factors such as seismic activity, pore fluid chemistry and pressure, and gas hydrate stability improve seismic, slope failure, and tsunami warning? What aspects of physical oceanography, biogeochemical cycling, and ecosystems will be most sensitive to climatic and anthropogenic change? What are natural versus anthropogenic changes? Most fundamentally, how are marine processes that occur at differing scales related?The development of ocean observatories provides a substantial opportunity for ocean science to evolve in Europe. Here we also describe some basic attributes of network design. Observatory networks provide the means to coordinate and integrate the collection of standardised data capable of bridging measurement scales across a dispersed area in European Seas adding needed certainty to estimates of future oceanic conditions. Observatory data can be analysed along with other data such as those from satellites, drifting floats, autonomous underwater vehicles, model analysis, and the known distribution and abundances of marine fauna in order to address some of the questions posed above. Standardised methods for information management are also becoming established to ensure better accessibility and traceability of these data sets and ultimately to increase their use for societal benefit. The connection of ocean observatory effort into larger frameworks including the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) and the Global Monitoring of Environment and Security (GMES) is integral to its success. It is in a greater integrated framework that the full potential of the component systems will be realised.     

国际海洋观测技术发展趋势与中国深海台站建设实践

20世纪80年代以来,海洋观测呈现"多元化、立体化、实时化"的发展趋势,地区和国家的海洋观测系统在关键海域发挥着重要作用。随着技术的发展和理念的创新,区域海洋观测系统被广泛应用并得到不断完善。国际海洋观测台站如英国爱尔兰海区域、美国卡罗来纳州海区和加拿大维多利亚海底实验观测网的多元化观测系统(VENUS)都是值得借鉴的例子,他们把多元化、立体化的实时测量数据与海洋物理、生态和生物化学模式紧密结合起来,实现了海洋环境的可预报性。同时,美国、英德法等国和日本实施的一系列海底观测系统,使海洋观测更加完备化。在这种国际大背景下,我国积极推进的海洋观测研究网络工程中的第一个深海台站——西沙海洋观测研究站在2008年已经建设完成并投入运行,该台站实现了长时效的多参数海洋环境实时监控。西沙观测系统主要包括自动气象站、岛屿外缘坐底式海底和海底边界层观测子系统、生物捕获器、西沙上层海洋环境观测子系统和海洋光学监测子系统等。由于海洋环境结构复杂、工作环境恶劣以及资源缺乏等因素的影响,海洋观测一直是高风险的工作。最后希望通过比较国内外观测系统,中国海洋观测事业能够学习国外先进的思路和技术,自身取得更大进步。