花岗岩有关稀有金属矿床研究新进展

综合评述了花岗岩有关稀有金属矿床近几年研究的新进展。主要进展：地球历史演化与稀有金属元素在地壳中的富集；花岗岩演化途径与在矿，板块成岩成矿模式；高热花岗岩对形成超大型矿床的贡献；有机质与成矿关系；大型稀有金属矿床新产地。     

俄罗斯东北部金——稀有金属矿床

本区金矿床的成因与晚中生代花岗岩类有关,分布范围广泛,分为３种类型：矽卡岩型、云英岩型及稀有金属石英脉型。矿体以脉状、网脉状、浸染状、块状等多种形式出现,在矿石中早期金多与铁、镍、钴的硫砷化物、砷化物紧密共生,晚期金则与含铋矿物共生（自然铋、辉铋矿、脆硫铋矿、碲化物和硫碲化物）。矿石中金为细粒金和次显微金;在矽卡岩型及云英岩型金矿石中,粒径小于０．１ｍｍ的金占总量的９０％,而在稀有金属石英脉型金矿     

稀有金属花岗岩的特征及其成矿作用

本文通过对我国典型稀有金属花岗岩体研究成果的总结,从稀有金属花岗岩的基本特征、研究进展、成岩成矿作用的几个特点以及其对生态环境的影响等方面,对稀有金属花岗岩的特征及其成矿作用进行了综述和介绍。有助于学者了解稀有金属花岗岩成岩成矿研究和矿产资源勘查的最新成果,并用于寻找和鉴别稀有金属花岗岩。同时还讨论了稀有金属花岗岩体对生态环境的天然污染和带给居民群体的健康伤害,呼吁社会和公众应该引起足够的注意。     

富锂氟花岗岩中存在岩浆成因铁/锂白云母的实验证据

通过花岗岩—HF—H20体系的熔化—结晶实验，在570—700℃、100MPa条件下获得了与淬火玻璃共存的石英 碱性长石 云母 萤石的矿物组合。电子探针分析结果表明，实验产物中除黑云母外，还有一部分为铁白云母和锂白云母，这说明浅色云母可以形成于岩浆条件，同时为自然界中存在岩浆成因锂白云母花岗岩和二云母花岗岩提供了新的实验证据。     

中俄阿尔泰山中生代花岗岩与稀有金属矿床的初步对比分析

中国阿尔泰山和俄罗斯阿尔泰山均属于阿尔泰山脉的组成部分,地理上互相连接,地质上具有相似的古生代演化历史,同样都发育中生代花岗岩及伴生的稀有金属矿床.中国阿尔泰山和俄罗斯阿尔泰山的中生代花岗岩及其稀有金属矿床既表现出一定的相似性,也存在一定的差别.两地与稀有金属矿床有关的中生代花岗岩主要为S型花岗岩,属于非造山花岗岩类,但在俄罗斯阿尔泰山发育以岩珠和岩脉型钨-钼、锂-钽为主的稀有金属矿床,时限为晚三叠世和早侏罗世,而中国阿尔泰山则发育以花岗伟晶岩脉型锂-铍-铌-钽为主的稀有金属矿床,时限从晚三叠世到晚侏罗世.这些花岗岩具有相似的Sr-Nd同位素特征,但87Sr/86Sr初始比值变化很大,可能是岩浆-流体作用的结果,而变化较小的εNd(t)值与富集地幔来源的岩浆基本相当,或者可以解释为幔源岩浆与地壳物质混合的结果.     

华南与燕山期花岗岩有关的稀土、稀有、有色金属矿床成矿系列

本文所述及的地区在地质构造上属黄汲清先生所划分的华南加里东褶皱带的范围。该区在下古生代时期为冒地槽,志留纪时发生加里东运动,褶皱隆起,结束了地槽阶段。加里东运动之后,此区仍不断经受构造运动,成为比较典型的构造活化区。主要表现为:在海西时期一些地带强烈断陷,堆积了巨厚的沉积物,如湘南、河池—南丹等地区;印支—燕山时     

略论华南中生代花岗岩成矿系列

随着矿床成因和成矿规律的深入研究,矿床分类学从单一矿种、单一类型的描述和归纳,发展到成矿系列的研究已成为必然的趋势。自五十年代以来,我国矿床学家就已经注意到某些不同矿种、不同类型矿床之间的成因联系,以及它们在时间上的演化规律和空间上的分带性。1978年程裕淇等提出成矿系列的概念。在其后的一些学术会议上,不断有人论及各种矿床的成矿系列、成矿模式或矿床组合问题。最近,程裕淇等又对成矿系列问题     

Petrologic significance of rare earths distribution in granites

Granitic rocks of various ages and composition are found in the Schwarzwald region of West Germany. These granites range in age from Upper Devonian to Upper Carboniferous (370-280 m.y.) and in composition from granodiorites to alkali feldspar granites. 14 representative samples of twelve different types were analysed for their La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Yb, Lu by instrumental neutron activation. The studies reveal that there are characteristic differences between the different types of granitic rocks both as regards to their total REE content as well as the distribution pattern of these elements. These differences can not be directly related to the variations in the major element chemistry or the mineralogy of the granites. On the other hand, a relationship is found between the age of the granitic rocks and the total REE as well as their distribution pattern. In general the ΣREE varies from 22 to 215 ppm in different types. The ΣLa-Lu increases gradually in the direction Upper Devonian→Lower Carboniferous, however, in the granitic rocks of the Upper Carboniferous this trend is reversed and there is again a marked depletion in the content of REE. The chondrite normalised patterns of all the older types give a smooth concave curve with decrease of concentration from La to Lu. All the Upper Carboniferous granites on the other hand are characterised by a progressive pronounced negative Eu anomaly. The gradual increase of the ΣREE in the older granites is related to their evolution by progressive anatexis, whereas, the decrease in the total REE content in case of the younger Upper Carboniferous granites is due to processes of magmatic differentiation. The depletion of Eu in these K-feldspar rich types of granite is probably related to the breakdown of biotite in the anatectic starting material.     

碰撞造山与华南花岗岩及其成矿系列研究的新进展

碰撞造山与华南花岗岩及其成矿系列研究的新进展ＮＥＷＡＤＶＡＮＣＥＳＩＮＴＨＥＳＴＵＤＹＯＦＣＯＬＬＩＳＩＯＮＯＲＯＧＥＮＹＯＦＧＲＡＮＩＴＥＳＩＮＳＯＵＴＨＣＨＩＮＡＡＮＤＴＨＥＩＲＭＥＴＡＬＬＯＧＥＮＩＣＳＥＲＩＥＳ裴荣富洪大卫（中国地质科学院矿床...     

江西雅山花岗岩长石中磷的分布及意义

雅山富氟高磷花岗岩具较高的全岩磷含量（０．１５％～０．５５％）,长石是磷的主要赋存矿物,磷以ＰＡｌＳｉ－２替换方式进入长石结构中。各种结晶习性的长石的磷含量各不相同。早世代钠长石和雪球结构中钠长石包裹体的结晶较早,平均磷含量分别为０．１８％和０．１９％,而晚世代钠长石和环带钾长石中钠长石嵌晶的结晶稍晚,具较高的平均磷含量（分别为０．２５％和０．２３％）。钾长石的磷含量相对于钠长石总体上较低,早期结晶的雪球结构主晶钾长石和环带钾长石的磷含量最低,分别为０．０４％和０．０２％,晚期细粒钾长石的平均磷含量略高（０．１９％）。长石对全岩磷的贡献率还与磷锂铝石等磷酸盐副矿物是否达到饱和有关,当无磷锂铝石结晶时,长石磷的贡献率约为７６％,反之则约为３１％。     

Geochemical characteristics of some rare element-bearing granites in southeast China and physico-chemical conditions of their formation

The formation of ore-bearing granites in the Yenshanian movement in southeast China and the geochemical characteristics of some RE-bearing granites have been studied through multivariate statistical analysis and physicochemical approach. The main conclusions have Been drawn as follows: (1) The granites are believed to be products of anatexis of the crustal materials. The formation temperature of granitic magma is estimated at about 600°C and the crystallization temperatures range from 600° to 500°C. The temperature of Li-, Fand H₂O-rich residual magma in the latest stage of magmatism is probably below 500°C. (2) A rock series from early lepidomelane-granite through protolithionite-and zinnwalditegranite to lithioniteor lepidolite-granite is considered as a result of actual crystallization. (3) The mineral paragenesis and fades zonation of granite plutons are mainly controlled by Ph₂o, μNa₂O and μK₂O in the magma. (4) During the magmatic evolution the ore-forming elements (REE, Nb, Ta, etc.) are variable in geochemistry. REEs, similar to mafic components, were highly concentrated at the early stage of the magmatic evolution and deposited under favourable conditions in the zinnwaldite-and protolithionite-granites; Nb and Ta have a preference for felsic and volatile components, thus are mainly concentrated at later stages of the magmatic evolution. Nb ore deposits are formed in the lithionite and lepidolite granites, for Ta is intimately associated with Na₂O, Li₂O, F and H₂O.     

闽西北加里东期混合岩及花岗岩的成因:同变形地壳深熔作用

本文选取闽西北前寒武纪变质基底中的混合岩和花岗岩为研究对象,以探讨两者之间的成因联系.详细的岩石学和主量、微量元素地球化学以及锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明,闽西北混合岩是同变形地壳深熔作用的产物,基底变质岩中的黑云母在较低温(约800℃)、H2O不饱和的条件下发生脱水熔融反应产生熔体,构造变形作用在熔体的分离和迁移过程中起到了重要作用.闽西北基底变质岩可能为形成混合岩和花岗岩的源岩,其深熔产生的初始熔体发生结晶分异作用,堆晶产物形成了混合岩的浅色体,而残余熔体继续演化形成花岗岩.混合岩和相关花岗岩形成基本同时,其成岩年龄为437～441Ma.它们均为华南加里东期构造热事件的产物.     

REE distribution patterns of granites in South China

REE determinations were conducted for their respective contents on granitoid rocks in South China, which differ in age, composition and origin, by means of chemical-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and instrumental neutron activation analysis. Granites under consideration can be divided into three major categories in terms of chondrite normalized REE distribution patterns and δEu values. 1. REE distribution pattern is approximately expressed by a smooth curve, with unremarkable negative Eu anomaly and δEu value greater than 0.5. 2. REE distribution pattern exhibits a moderately remarkable negative Eu anomaly with δEu value in the range of 0.3–0.4. 3. REE distribution pattern gives a greatly remarkable negative Eu anomaly, with δEu value being less than 0.2. The granites belonging to the first category are mostly older in age and closely connected with granitization in origin, those to the second category show a number of evidences for magmatic origin and those to the third category are especially distinguishable for their characterisitic features of later magmatic differentiation and replacement.     

个旧超大型锡多金属矿区花岗岩成因类型

通过区域地质、矿区中新生代岩浆岩分布和组成成分、地慢热柱活动等研究，提出了个旧地区花岗岩既不是Ⅰ型、也不是S型，而是壳慢混熔型，可比较合理地解释个旧矿区的岩浆期后热液矿床，而成矿物质大量来自地幔。     

初论西藏过铝花岗岩

西藏主要过铝花岗岩岩体有61个,其岩石类型主要有电气石花岗岩、白云母花岗岩和二云母花岗岩。岩石的SiO2=65．7％-79．52％,A／CNK=1．05-2．26,C-norm=1．2-3．1,表明西藏过铝花岗岩属白云母强过铝花岗岩类型,为岩浆成因。岩石具较强的负Eu异常,（^87Sr／^86Sr）．值较高,为0．72199-0．75513;εNd（t）值较低,为-16．0—-9．6;δ^18O值较高,为＋8．9‰＋18．79‰;结合La／Sm-La图解,表明其形成过程中没有地幔的卷入,为泥质岩石部分熔融的产物,岩浆来源于上地壳。QAP图解、R1-R2图解、Rb-（Y＋Nb）图解等均表明其为大陆碰撞构造环境。西藏过铝花岗岩发生在2个大陆地壳板块的碰撞阶段,岩浆来源于上地壳的重熔。喜马拉雅过铝花岗岩是陆内俯冲的岩石学记录,而冈底斯带过铝花岗岩更可能是特提斯洋壳北向俯冲的岩石学响应。