贵州大方地区二桥组地层特征及沉积相分析

为研究贵州大方地区晚三叠地层中二桥组岩石地层特征和沉积相,在研究区采集岩石样品进行分析。通过对区内岩石地层的岩性、沉积地球化学分析结果及沉积相的分析,描述了贵州大方地区二桥组地层剖面,并对二桥组的岩性组合特征、接触关系及横向变化进行对比,分析了该地层岩石特征和沉积相。研究区二桥组主要为一套陆相含植物化石的灰白、黄灰、褐灰色厚层夹薄层岩屑石英砂岩,由于二桥组与上覆及下伏地层均为平行不整合接触,地层厚度在各地差别较大。根据上述数据确定二桥组年代地层为上三叠统—下侏罗统,河流相辫状河-曲流河亚相沉积,地球化学特征显示其物源区的大地构造背景属于被动大陆边缘克拉通盆地。     

赣东北石溪组的再认识

从赣东北石溪组及其有关地层的沉积特征分析,弋阳北部原石溪组下段为湖泊相沉积、上段为河流相沉积,赣东北其它地区的石溪组为湖泊相沉积。依据岩性岩相特征,结合石溪组的原意及命名地石溪组的特征,弋阳北部石溪组的上界应下移至原石溪组上段的底界处。依据岩性岩相特征,结合化石组合特征及邻区相当地层的接触关系,石溪组与上覆周家店组在东乡—广丰深断裂带以北地区应属整合接触。     

四川盆地北缘五峰组和龙马溪组沉积构造格局研究

为了重建四川盆地北缘五峰组和龙马溪组沉积构造格局,以四川盆地北缘米仓山-大巴山地区五峰组和龙马溪组为研究对象,进行地层格架对比和沉积相分析,并使用Mo/TOC和Al-Co[EF]×Mn[EF]地球化学指标对沉积时期水体滞留程度进行判识.发现靠近隆起区,受物源供给及沉积空间控制,地层厚度差异较大,黑色页岩厚度整体较小.而远离隆起区,受大陆边缘上升洋流和陆内凹陷控制,黑色页岩自西向东逐渐加厚,TOC含量增高.研究表明:（1）米仓山地区五峰组沉积时期南郑福成和南江桥亭位于两种上升洋流交汇区域,长期受上升洋流影响;龙马溪组沉积时期主要受西乡上升影响,导致旺苍和南江地区隆升成岛,MS1井沉积最厚.（2）大巴山前缘及鄂西-渝东地区五峰组整体呈现出隆-凹相间的格局;受到来自华夏地块自南东至北西的持续挤压,龙马溪组沉积时期石柱-巫溪一线持续沉降,地层沉积较厚.      

闽西南龙永煤田童子岩组沉积地层精细特征与沉积环境演化分析

运用沉积学、古生物地层学、层序地层学、岩石粒度分析等方法,从岩性特征、沉积构造、沉积体系等方面对研究区童子岩组地层的沉积特征进行了详细的研究,对其沉积环境演化特征进行分析.结果表明:研究区的童子岩组地层主要由较细粒的陆源碎屑物质组成,在整个童子岩组第一段发育过程中,障壁岛及其背后的整个环境组合随着区域海平面的升降而前后...     

浅论滑覆构造与溪口组沉积

福建境内煤系地层童子岩组与上覆溪口组地层直接接触,通过对其滑脱接触关系的分析,分别从沉积、构造及演化进程等方面进行了成因探讨.     

燕山地区宣龙坳陷中元古界洪水庄组-铁岭组沉积相分析与层序格架的建立

根据野外露头信息的综合分析,结合沉积模式和层序地层学的基本原理,总结了燕山地区宣龙坳陷洪水庄组和铁岭组的沉积相特征和层序地层格架.研究表明,该区洪水庄组-铁岭组沉积时期为一套局限台地潮坪相沉积,垂向上的沉积微相更能敏锐地反映海平面的相对变化.根据对各个层序界面的识别,将洪水庄组划分为1个三级层序DS1,铁岭组划分为2个三级层序DS2和DS3,由海侵体系域(TST)和高位体系域(HST)组成,不具有形成凝缩层的环境.根据研究区各时期沉积环境与层序地层的特点,建立了符合研究区洪水庄组和铁岭组的沉积模式,初步探讨了研究区所经历的沉积演化过程.     

威远五峰组—龙马溪组页岩岩相展布及对水平井产量的影响

通过对威远地区14口评价井或导眼井五峰组—龙马溪组地层开展系统的笔石生物地层、岩相地层、测井响应、地球化学、元素地球化学等特征分析,证实了威远地区五峰组—龙马溪组古隆起的发育,指出古隆起发育控制页岩的厚度及岩相展布,明确优质页岩展布受古隆起发育控制,并提出水平井井位优化部署建议。主要结论如下:1）从生物地层、岩性地层、电性特征、地层厚度等方面证实在Z4-Z1—WY1—W5—WX井一带存在（水下）古隆起;2）不同时期地层分布及岩相主要受古隆起发育控制,隆起区及周边地层厚度薄,黏土矿物或碳酸盐矿物含量高,坳陷区沉积厚度大,硅质矿物含量高;3）威远地区五峰组页岩沉积期物源多来自其西部或北部,鲁丹阶早期以生物成因石英为主,物源较少,鲁丹阶晚期物源可能来自川南的黔中古陆,不同的物源方向意味着沉积体系的变化;4）鲁丹阶早期（LM1~LM3）地层储层品质最优,产量高,其储层参数平面展布受隆起发育控制,拗陷区域储层品质最好。建议以鲁丹阶早期地层为目标靶体实施水平井,优先部署该层段厚度较大区域水平井,尽量避开隆起发育区。     

浅论贵州铜仁松桃锰矿区大塘坡组地层与锰矿成矿的关系

贵州铜仁松桃锰矿区位于扬子陆块与华南陆块的过渡区,跨越上扬子地块和江南造山带。通过对本区7个较大成锰沉积盆地中大塘坡组地层进行对比分析,总结出本区大塘坡组地层厚度与锰矿品位及矿体厚度呈正相关性,即大塘坡组地层厚度越厚,锰矿品位越高、矿体厚度越厚,其中,锰矿品位与大塘坡组第二、三段地层厚度呈较强正相关性,锰矿体厚度与大塘坡组第一段呈较强正相关性。同时大塘坡组及锰矿体的厚度变化表明松桃道坨-冷水成锰沉积盆地和杨立掌-李家湾成锰沉积盆地为同一个成锰沉积盆地,深部找矿潜力较大。     

山东黄河北煤田石炭—二叠系太原组地层沉积特征

为了研究黄河北煤田的沉积特征,查清研究区内太原组地层的岩性类型、沉积构造、粒度分布特征,并进一步明确其沉积体系及沉积相的特征和沉积演化,本文根据野外露头的观察和室内岩心的描述、薄片分析,结合钻井、测井资料,运用沉积学、古生物地层学、层序地层学、岩石粒度分析等方法,对研究区的太原组地层沉积特征进行了详细的研究.结果表明:研究区石炭-二叠系的含煤地层太原组沉积物中砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩、石灰岩及煤岩均较发育,常见的含铁矿物主要是褐铁矿、黄铁矿、菱铁矿等;主要层理构造有水平层理、平行层理、交错层理、波状层理、韵律层理等,生物扰动构造非常发育;主要的生物化石发育于台地相灰岩中,包括蜓类、牙形石等个体较大化石;主要发育植物化石有轮叶、科达木、宽带羊齿等;太原组沉积环境比较动荡,为河流相或者浅海相环境,其陆表海盆地层序及内部单元的典型界面有最大海泛面、区域性海退界面和最大海退面,并依据其不同界面,进行了沉积相划分和层序地层分析;研究区内晚石炭世的太原组地层为陆表海沉积序列,其沉积环境演化主要是由海陆交互相沉积向陆相沉积的转换.     

黔北及邻区上奥陶统涧草沟组沉积环境分析

笔者在对黔北及邻区上奥陶统涧草沟组20余条剖面进行观察的基础上,系统地收集了涧草沟组地层、古生物、岩石、沉积构造等方面的资料,较为详细地研究了该组的岩石特点、化学成分特点、古生物及其组合特点,运用现代沉积学的理论,并辅以电子计算机等手段,对涧草沟组的沉积环境进行了分析。     

A ‘snapshot’ of the evolution of the Uruguay River (Del Plata Basin): the Salto depositional sequence (Pleistocene,Uruguay, South America)

This paper provides sedimentological details of the Salto depositional sequence of western Uruguay, which includes the Salto and the Bellaco Formations. These units are interpreted as evidence, in the Uruguayan landscape, of a Pleistocene forebear of the Uruguay River. The Salto depositional sequence, encompasses two depositional cycles: (a) the lower cycle, represented only by the Salto Formation, with conglomeratic sandstones and sandstones intercalated with pelites and fine sandstones; and (b) the upper cycle, represented by the Salto Formation and the Bellaco Formation, characterized by conglomerates and conglomeratic sandstones with horizontal stratification, discontinuous silicified sandy levels and gypsum–clay bodies. The Salto sequence is characterized by braided river deposits, genetically associated with lacustrine or palustrine and possible aeolian sediments. Cyclic alternations of channelized tractive currents and interchannel contexts are indicated. A possible Pleistocene age for the Salto Formation is discussed, in the light of new and preliminary information (thermoluminescence ages) from the lower cycle. There are several lines of evidence indicating semi-arid conditions during the ‘Salto event’. Comments on regional correlation are provided, as well as the effects of neotectonic processes.     

川北前陆盆地上三叠统须家河组陆相层序地层

中国中西部前陆盆地大多具有陆内俯冲造山形成的特点,层序地层学在这类前陆盆地中的应用是一个值得研究的新领域。对川北前陆盆地上三叠统须家河组5条露头剖面和1条测井剖面进行详细沉积相分析和层序地层划分,同时阐述了沉积相迁移规律、层序界面类型、层序发育特征及基准面变化;将川北前陆盆地上三叠统须家河组划分为4个三级层序(TS1,TS2,TS3和TS4)。大竹、开江一带须家河组沉积厚度为400～600m,4个层序发育完整;向北东至万源一带地层变薄至100余m,保存残留不全的须家河组只能归为1个三级层序(TS4)。在露头剖面和测井剖面层序地层划分的基础上建立的层序地层格架表明:TS1—TS2以曲流河及曲流河三角洲沉积体系为主,盆地处于稳定坳陷和慢速充填的欠补偿状态,TS3—TS4以冲积扇、辫状河及辫状河三角洲沉积体系为主,盆地处于强烈坳陷和快速充填的过补偿状态。沉积相的时空叠置样式受北部秦岭造山带构造活动的制约作用较为明显。     

Sequence stratigraphy and Quaternary depositional systems in the Sanhu area of the Qaidam Basin,northwest China

The Qaidam Basin is a Mesozoic–Cenozoic compresso-shearing basin in western China. This basin has been subsiding since the Indosinian orogeny, and the subsidence is a strongly inherited feature in its Quaternary development. Five third-order sequences (SQ1, SQ2, SQ3, SQ4 and SQ5) were recognised using drilling/logging, coring and seismic data analysis. Each sequence was further divided into transgressive systems tract and regressive systems tract based on the maximum flooding surface. A sequence stratigraphic framework was established that revealed the distribution of sedimentary systems. Seven depositional systems, namely, alluvial fan, fan delta, braided-delta, shore lacustrine, shallow lacustrine, semi-deep lacustrine and incised valley depositional system, were identified from 105 well logs and 2?D seismic lines covering 1600?km. The sedimentary system distribution was identified as follows: (1) large-scale alluvial deposit located on the southern slope and adjacent to Kunlun Mountain and Yaber tectonic zone located northeast of the study area; (2) braided-delta deposits southeast of the Sanhu area; (3) widely developed fan-delta sediments on the base of Qigequan Formation in the Yaber tectonic zone; (4) well-deposited shoal lacustrine facies along the depositional strike in the regressive systems tract; (5) widely distributed shallow lacustrine facies; and (6) incised valley with large lateral extension and incision depth as an entity at the front of the Golmud Basin in the Sanhu area. Two different depositional models, namely, east and west models, were built by conducting an integrated analysis of sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary process. In the Sanhu area, the main controlling factors of the sequence architecture and depositional systems associations of the Qigequan Formation are tectonic subsidence and climate change with sediment supply and lake-level fluctuation secondary factors. This case study provides an example of the analyses of sequence stratigraphy and depositional systems in a salinised plateau basin. The approach combines seismic and sedimentary facies analysis to investigate Quaternary deposition and stratigraphy. The low-amplitude tectonic belt on the northern slope and the lithological traps on the southern slope are predicted to be favourable for the lithological gas reservoirs.     

Depositional Architecture and Evolution of Late Permian Reefs in Ziyun County,Southern Guizhou, China

INTRODUCTIONPethenreefsarewidelydistributedinSouthetna,espeCiallyinsouthernGulzhouandnorth~ternGUanghProvince,wherenamusreefsoccurandareWellexposed.TheUpperPenmanreefinZiyUnChamy,southernG~uisoneofthehotdevelopedandexposedhairierreefsinthearea(WangandFan,1994).DuetoitSspedaltectonic--geographicpositionandcompletefactesbeltd~iation,thebatherreefshavearousedagreatinterestamonggeologistS.SpstelnaticinvestigationandstudyonthebarrierreefshaveaammadebymanygeologistSsince197ds(LiuandGao,…     

Stratigraphic evolution of the nearshore to fluvial plain of the Upper Cuyo Group,Neuquén,Argentina

The upper portion of the Cuyo Group in the Zapala region, south‐eastern Neuquén Basin (Western Argentina), encompasses marine and transitional deposits (Lajas Formation) overlain by alluvial rocks (Challacó Formation). The Challacó Formation is covered by the Mendoza Group above a second‐order sequence boundary. The present study presents the stratigraphic framework and palaeophysiographic evolution of this Bajocian to Eo‐Calovian interval. The studied succession comprises the following genetic facies associations: (i) offshore and lower shoreface–offshore transition; (ii) lower shoreface; (iii) upper shoreface; iv) intertidal–subtidal; (v) supratidal–intertidal; (vi) braided fluvial to delta plain; (vii) meandering river; and (viii) braided river. The stratigraphic framework embraces four third‐order depositional sequences (C1 to C4) whose boundaries are characterized by the abrupt superposition of proximal over distal facies associations. Sequences C1 to C3 comprise mostly littoral deposits and display well‐defined, small‐scale transgressive–regressive cycles associated with fourth‐order depositional sequences. Such high‐frequency cycles are usually bounded by ravinement surfaces associated with transgressive lags. At last, the depositional sequence C4 delineates an important tectonic reorganization probably associated with an uplift of the Huincul Ridge. This is suggested by an inversion of the transport trend, north‐westward during the deposition of C1 to C3 depositional sequences (Lajas Formation) to a south‐west trend during the deposition of the braided fluvial strata related to the C4 depositional sequence (Challacó Formation).     

松辽坳陷深水湖盆层序界面特征及低位域沉积模式

白垩系青山口组到嫩江组沉积时期,松辽盆地为深水坳陷湖盆,沿长轴方向为缓坡,而在短轴方向为陡坡。缓坡条件下,三级层序界面表现为沉积相带的迁移,地震剖面上的超削反射终止特征不明显,陡坡条件下,三级层序界面不仅表现为沉积相带的迁移,而且在地震剖面上的超削反射终止特征十分明显。在层序内部均可识别出低位域、水进域和高位域。在层序的低位域,沿盆地长轴方向,三角洲水下分流河道十分发育,在河口的前方形成分布较广、相对较薄的河口坝、远砂坝沉积及湖底扇;沿短轴方向,三角洲水下分流河道不发育,而发育河口坝和远砂坝,向湖区方向,过渡为前三角洲和深湖沉积,在前三角洲和深湖沉积区发育大量重力流成因的湖底扇。     

Depositional cycles: an approach to the sequence stratigraphy of the Dakhla Formation, west Dakhla-Farafra stretch, Western Desert, Egypt

The latest Campanian-Middle Palæocene Dakhla Formation has been the subject of few sedimentological studies, despite its great areal distribution. This shale/mudstone unit exhibits marked facies variations in a northwest-southeast direction. The facies distribution patterns, stratal geometries and type, as well as frequency of the associated microfauna, allow a possible subdivision of the Dakhla Formation into ten depositional cycles. These cycles are delineated from each other by a bounding surface, which is defined by an abrupt facies change and/or intensively bioturbated hardground. The sediments of these cycles have been accumulated in a shallow subtidal-upper intertidal-flat environment during Late Cretaceous and in a middle/outer shelf-lower intertidal suite during Palæocene times. Deposition took place in a topographically irregular basin under a constantly high clastic input derived largely from the south and southwest. The cyclic pattern of deposition that characterises the Dakhla Formation, points to repeated relative sea level fluctuations. The submarine palæorelief also plays a significant role on the facies pattern. It is found that the succession was deposited along the marginal part of a palæostructural low. Its deeper area is located around present-day Edmonstone. The study of sedimentary facies characteristics and cyclicity of the Dakhla Formation leads to the recognition of four depositional sequences bounded by five type 2 sequence boundaries. The first and second type 2 depositional sequences correspond to the Late Maastrichtian Mawhoob Shale and lower-middle part of the Beris Mudstone Members, respectively. The third sequence comprises the Beris Mudstone Member ‘upper part’ and the Latest Maastrichtian partition of the Kharga Shale Member. The well-documented Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary marks the type 2 sequence boundary at the top of this sequence. The last depositional sequence coincides with the late Early-Middle Palæocene subdivision of the Kharga Shale Member. These sequences comprise nine systems tracts, mainly of transgressive and highstand systems tract deposits.     

鄂尔多斯盆地东胜地区沉积体系与砂岩型铀成矿

沉积体系分析在可地浸砂岩型铀矿床的研究中起着非常重要的作用.本文以沉积体系分析和层序地层学为依据,对鄂尔多斯盆地东胜地区中侏罗统直罗组沉积体系特征、沉积相的空间展布、沉积环境的演化和层序地层学等方面进行了研究,认为：（1）沉积相的平面分布控制着砂体的空间展布,进而影响着赋铀砂体的空间分布;（2）沉积相和沉积环境的演化创造了良好的岩相及岩性组合条件,有利于层间氧化作用的进行;（3）沉积层序控制了3层结构的岩性空间组合.     

Sequence stratigraphy of the Lower Cenomanian Bahariya Formation, Bahariya Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt

The Lower Cenomanian Bahariya Formation corresponds to a second-order depositional sequence that formed within a continental shelf setting under relatively low-rate conditions of positive accommodation (< 200 m during 3–6 My). This overall trend of base-level rise was interrupted by three episodes of base-level fall that resulted in the formation of third-order sequence boundaries. These boundaries are represented by subaerial unconformities (replaced or not by younger transgressive wave ravinement surfaces), and subdivide the Bahariya Formation into four third-order depositional sequences.

The construction of the sequence stratigraphic framework of the Bahariya Formation is based on the lateral and vertical changes between shelf, subtidal, coastal and fluvial facies, as well as on the nature of contacts that separate them. The internal (third-order) sequence boundaries are associated with incised valleys, which explain (1) significant lateral changes in the thickness of incised valley fill deposits, (2) the absence of third-order highstand and even transgressive systems tracts in particular areas, and (3) the abrupt facies shifts that may occur laterally over relatively short distances. Within each sequence, the concepts of lowstand, transgressive and highstand systems tracts are used to explain the observed lateral and vertical facies variability.

This case study demonstrates the usefulness of sequence stratigraphic analysis in understanding the architecture and stacking patterns of the preserved rock record, and helps to identify 13 stages in the history of base-level changes that marked the evolution of the Bahariya Oasis region during the Early Cenomanian.     

Quaternary geology and sapphire deposits from the BO PHLOI gem field,Kanchanaburi Province,Western Thailand

One of the most famous blue sapphire deposits in Thailand and SE Asia is from the Bo Phloi District, Kanchanaburi Province, Western Thailand. This paper presents the results of our gemstone investigation as well as establishing the Bo Phloi depositional sequence as one of the Quaternary Type Sections in the region. Relationships among the sedimentology, depositional sequences and geomorphology were investigated in order to understand the gemstone depositional features. Sedimentary structures and textures of the sequences show that the deposition of gemstones is related genetically to fluvial processes. Gemstones are recognized in floodplain and low terrace deposits where gemstone paystreaks concentrate mostly inside layers of gravel beds and foreset-bedded gravels lithofacies. C-14 dating of wood and peat within gemstone-bearing layers indicated that the deposit formed during the middle to late Pleistocene. The gemstone-bearing gravel bed defines a north–south trend along the incised palaeo-channel of an ancient braided river system in the middle part of the basin.