East-west crustal structure and “down-bowing” Moho under the northern Tibet revealed by wide-angle seismic profile

We recognized 6 sets of reflecting P- and S-wave events from Moho and other interfaces within the crust, respectively, with the wide-angle seismic data acquired from 510 km-long Selincuo-Ya’anduo profile in the northern Tibet, fitted the observed events with forward modeling, and interpreted crustal structure of P- and S-wave velocities and Poisson’s ratio under the profile. The results demonstrate that the crustal structure between Yarlungzangbo and Bangong-Nujiang sutures changes abruptly, and the crust is the thickest at the middle part of the profile with thickness of 80 km or more. The “down-bowing” Moho is the striking feature for the crustal variation along the west-east direction. The Moho uplifts with steps, and the uplifting rate westward is greater than that eastward. The heterogeneity of P- and S-wave velocities exists both vertically and horizontally, and one lower velocity layer (LVL) exists with the depth range of 27–34 km and the thickness range of 5–7 km. For the upper crust, Poisson’s ratio is the lowest at the middle part of the profile; for the lower crust, the Poisson’s ratio at the east segment is lower than that at west segment, which means that the crustal rigidity for the upper crust is different from the lower crust, and the lower crust under the east segment of the profile is more ductile. We infer that the substance in the lower crust endured eastward flow along with the collision between Eurasian and Indian plates, and the “down-bowing” Moho is attributable to the multi-phase E-W tectonic processes.     

Crustal structure of seismic velocity in southern Tibet and east-westward escape of the crustal material--An example by wide-angle seismic profile from Peigu Tso to Pumoyong Tso

The reflecting events from Moho and other interfaces within the crust are recognized from the wavefield characteristics of P- and S-wave for the 480km long wide-angle seismic profile between Peigu Tso and Pumoyong Tso. Then, seismic crustal structures of P- and S-wave velocities and Poisson ratio under the nearly east-west profile in southern Tibet are interpreted by fitting the observed traveltimes with the calculated ones by forward modelling. Our interpreting results demonstrate that the crustal thickness varies remarkably in the east-west direction, showing a pattern that the crust could be divided into three parts bounded by the west of Dingri and the east of Dinggyê, respectively, where the depth of Moho is about 71km for the western part, about 76km for the middle and about 74km for the eastern. There is one lower velocity layer (LVL) at the bottom of the upper crust with depth of 20-30 km. One of the distinct features is that the thickness of LVL abruptly thins from 24km on the west to 6km on the east. The other is that the velocity variation in the crust along east-west direction for both P- and S-wave displays a feature as quasi-periodic variation. The lower velocity (compared to the average value for the continent of the globe) in the lower crust and three sets of north-southward active normal faults are probably attributed to the coupling process of material delamination in the lower crust, crustal thicking and east-westward escape of the crustal material accompanied with the continental collision between India and Eurasia Plate.     

Crustal structure of seismic velocity in southern tibet and east-westward escape of the crustal material

The reflecting events from Moho and other interfaces within the crust are recognized from the wavefield characteristics of P- and S-wave for the 480km long wide-angle seismic profile between Peigu Tso and Pumoyong Tso. Then, seismic crustal structures of P- and S-wave velocities and Poisson ratio under the nearly east-west profile in southern Tibet are interpreted by fitting the observed traveltimes with the calculated ones by forward modelling. Our interpreting results demonstrate that the crustal thickness varies remarkably in the east-west direction, showing a pattern that the crust could be divided into three parts bounded by the west of Dingri and the east of Dinggyê, respectively, where the depth of Moho is about 71km for the western part, about 76km for the middle and about 74km for the eastern. There is one lower velocity layer (LVL) at the bottom of the upper crust with depth of 20–30 km. One of the distinct features is that the thickness of LVL abruptly thins from 24km on the west to 6km on the east. The other is that the velocity variation in the crust along east-west direction for both P- and S-wave displays a feature as quasi-periodic variation. The lower velocity (compared to the average value for the continent of the globe) in the lower crust and three sets of north-southward active normal faults are probably attributed to the coupling process of material delamination in the lower crust, crustal thicking and east-westward escape of the crustal material accompanied with the continental collision between India and Eurasia Plate.     

S-wave velocity and Poisson''''s ratio structure of crust in Yunnan and its implication

Receiver function of body wave under the 23 stations in Yunnan was extracted from 3-component broadband digital recording of teleseismic event. Thus, the S-wave velocity structure and distribution characteristics of Poisson's ratio in crust of Yunnan are obtained by inversion. The results show that the crustal thickness is gradually thinned from north to south. The crustal thickness in Zhongdian of northwest reaches as many as 62.0 km and the one in Jinghong of further south end is only 30.2 km. What should be especially noted is that there exists a Moho upheaval running in NS in the Chuxiong region and a Moho concave is generally parallel to it in Dongchuan. In addition, there exists an obvious transversal inhomogeneity for the S-wave velocity structure in upper mantle and crust in the Yunnan region. The low velocity layer exists not only in 10.0-15.0 km in upper crust in some regions, but also in 30.0-40.0 km in lower crust. Generally, the Poisson's ratio is on the high side, however it has a better co     

南北地震带岩石圈S波速度结构面波层析成像

本文利用天然地震面波记录和层析成像方法,研究了南北地震带及邻近区域的岩石圈S波速度结构和各向异性特征.结果表明南北地震带的东边界不但是地壳厚度剧变带,也是地壳速度的显著分界.其西侧中下地壳的S波速度显著低于东侧,强震大多发生在低速区内部和边界.青藏高原东缘中下地壳速度显著低于正常大陆地壳,在松潘甘孜地块和川滇地块西部大约25～45 km深度存在壳内低速层;这些低速特征与高原主体的低速区相连,有利于下地壳物质的侧向流动.地壳的各向异性图像与下地壳流动模式相符,即下地壳物质绕喜马拉雅东构造结运动,东向的运动遇到扬子坚硬地壳阻挡而变为向南和向北东的运动.面波层析成像结果支持青藏高原地壳运动的下地壳流动模型.南北地震带的岩石圈厚度与其东侧的扬子和鄂尔多斯地块相似但速度较低.川滇西部地块上地幔顶部(莫霍面至88 km左右)异常低速;松潘甘孜地块上地幔盖层中有低速夹层(约90～130 km深度).岩石圈上地幔的速度分布图像与地壳显著不同,在高原主体与川滇之间存在北北东向高速带,可能会阻挡地幔物质的东向运动.上地幔各向异性较弱且与地壳的分布图像显然不同.因此青藏高原岩石圈地幔的构造运动具有与地壳不同的模式,软弱的下地壳提供了壳幔运动解耦的条件.     

华北克拉通东部地壳和上地幔结构的接收函数研究

利用北京大学和早期中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所在华北克拉通东部地区布设的共34台宽频带地震仪记录的远震体波资料,获取P波接收函数和S波接收函数,再分别通过偏移成像和共转换点叠加(CCP)和倾斜叠加得到了华北克拉通东部横跨郯庐断裂带地区沿剖面的地壳和上地幔速度间断面分布.研究结果表明,鲁西隆起下方的莫霍面的深度要比华北盆地和青岛地区浅约5 km,形成类似屋顶状的莫霍面隆起.郯庐断裂带和聊考断裂带下方的莫霍面有明显的错断.岩石圈与软流圈的分界面(以下简称LAB)的深度从太行山山前的约100 km深度上升到鲁西隆起下方约60 km深,向东在青岛地区下方LAB深度进一步变浅.我们利用倾斜叠加计算台站下方波速比得到地壳内的泊松比变化,结果显示鲁西隆起泊松比值分布相对均匀,而青岛地区内泊松比变化剧烈,可能反应了该地区作为苏鲁大别超高压变质带的北缘经历了较为复杂的地质演化过程.     

S-wave crustal and upper mantle’s velocity structure in the eastern Tibetan Plateau — Deep environment of lower crustal flow

A teleseismic profile consisting of 26 stations was deployed along 30°N latitude in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. By use of the inversion of P-wave receiver function, the S-wave velocity structures at depth from surface to 80 km beneath the profile have been determined. The inversion results reveal that there is significant lateral variation of the crustal structure between the tectonic blocks on the profile. From Linzhi north of the eastern Himalayan Syntaxis, the crust is gradually thickened in NE direction; the crustal thickness reaches to the maximum value (∼72 km) at the Bangong-Nujiang suture, and then decreased to 65 km in the Qiangtang block, to 57–64 km in the Bayan Har block, and to 40–45 km in the Sichuan Basin. The eastern segment of the teleseismic profile (to the east of Batang) coincides geographically with the Zhubalong-Zizhong deep seismic sounding profile carried out in 2000, and the S-wave velocity structure determined from receiver functions is consistent with the P-wave velocity structure obtained by deep seismic sounding in respect of the depths of Moho and major crustal interfaces. In the Qiangtang and the Bayan Har blocks, the lower velocity layer is widespread in the lower crust (at depth of 30–60 km) along the profile, while there is a normal velocity distribution in lower crust in the Sichuan Basin. On an average, the crustal velocity ratio (Poisson ratio) in tectonic blocks on the profile is 1.73 (σ = 0.247) in the Lhasa block, 1.78 (σ = 0.269) in the Banggong-Nujiang suture, 1.80 (σ = 0.275) in the Qiangtang block, 1.86 (σ = 0.294) in the Bayan Har blocks, and 1.77 (σ = 0.265) in the Yangtze block, respectively. The Qiangtang and the Bayan Har blocks are characterized by lower S-wave velocity anomaly in lower crust, complicated Moho transition, and higher crustal Poisson ratio, indicating that there is a hot and weak medium in lower crust. These are considered as the deep environment of lower crustal flow in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Flowage of the ductile material in lower crust may be attributable to the variation of the gravitational potential energy in upper crust from higher on the plateau to lower off plateau. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 40334041 and 40774037) and the International Cooperation Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2003DF000011)     

2-D crustal Poisson's ratio from seismic travel time inversion in Changbaishan Tianchi volcanic region

Based on the inversion method of 2D velocity structure and interface, the crustal velocity structures of P-wave and S-wave along the profile L1 are determined simultaneously with deep seismic sounding data in Changbaishan Tianchi volcanic region, and then its Poisson's ratio is obtained. Calculated results show that this technique overcomes some defects of traditional forward calculation method, and it is also very effective to determine Poisson's ratio distribution of deep seismic sounding profile, especially useful for study on volcanic magma and crustal fault zone. Study result indicates that there is an abnormally high Poisson's ratio body that is about 30 km wide and 12 km high in the low velocity region under Tianchi crater. Its value of Poisson's ratio is 8% higher than that of surrounding medium and it should be the magma chamber formed from melted rock with high temperature. There is a high Poisson's ratio zone ranging from magma chamber to the top of crust, which may be the uprise passage of hot substance. The lower part with high Poisson's ratio, which stretches downward to Moho, is possibly the extrusion way of hot substance from the uppermost mantle. The conclusions above are consistent with the study results of both tomographic determination of 3D crustal structure and magnetotelluric survey in this region.     

用接收函数方法研究汶川和芦山地震之间未破裂段的地壳结构

芦山与汶川地震之间存在约40 km的地震空区.震源区和地震空区的深部构造背景的研究对深入了解中强地震的深部孕育环境及地震空区的地震活动性具有重要科学意义.利用本小组布设的15个临时观测地震台以及21个芦山科考台站和21个四川省地震局固定台站记录的远震数据,用H-K叠加方法得到各个台站的地壳厚度和平均泊松比,并构建了接收函数共转换点(CCP)偏移叠加图像以及反演得到台站下方的S波速度模型.我们的结果揭示了震源区和地震空区地壳结构特征差异:(1)汶川震源区的地壳平均泊松比为~0.28;芦山震源区为~0.29;而地震空区处于泊松比变化剧烈的区域;(2)汶川地震与芦山地震的震源区以西下方的Moho面呈现深度上的突变(这与前人的研究成果基本一致),分别从~44 km突变到~59 km,~40 km突变到~50 km,而地震空区地壳平均厚度呈现渐变性变化;(3)地震空区Moho面下凹且具有低速的上地壳.综合一维S波速度结构和H-k以及CCP的初步结果,这可能显示汶川地震的发震断裂在深部方向上向西倾斜并形成切割整个地壳的大型断裂;芦山地震则可能是由于上、下地壳解耦引起的;而地震空区处于两种地震形成机制控制区域的过渡带中.     

Shear wave constraints on crustal structure of the pole abyssal plain

A study of the crustal structure in the Pole Abyssal Plain of the Arctic Ocean was carried out using P-waves constrained with converted shear waves. The data, recorded with a single ocean bottom seismometer (O.B.S.) on three channels, were modelled for travel time and amplitude variations with WKBJ synthetic seismograms. The study confirms that converted shear waves can be usefully employed to place limits on P-wave data.Shear wave velocities of sediments ranging from 0.3 km/s on the sea bed to 0.9 km/s at the sediment-basement interface with corresponding P-wave velocities of 1.6 to 2.1 km/s were obtained. The resulting Poisson's ratios for the sediments varies between 0.48 and 0.39, and indicate a poorly consolidated sedimentary layer. Well determined P- and S-wave velocities from the PPP and PSP phases give a Poisson's ratio of 0.31 for the lower crust in agreement with results from other studies.The models developed lead to the conclusion that there is considerable lateral heterogeneity in structure, and that the thickness of the crust (layers 2 and 3) under the Pole Abyssal Plain varies between 3.2 km and 4.1 km. The crust here is therefore much thinner than average oceanic crust, a thinning which may be related to the slow spreading rate at the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge.     

利用地震波速研究青藏高原东北缘地壳组成及其动力学

依据穿过巴颜喀拉地块的北部、秦岭地块、祁连地块、海原弧形构造区和鄂尔多斯地块的玛沁-兰州-靖边人工地震剖面的P波、S波的速度结构和泊松比结构,对青藏高原东北缘的地壳组成进行研究,并探讨其动力学过程. 首先,系统地归纳总结出一套将地震测深得到的原位P波速度校正到实验室温压条件下波速的具体可行的方法,利用大地热流值求取地壳不同深度的温度是该方法的关键. 然后,将上述剖面的原位P波速度校正到600 MPa和室温条件下,结合泊松比与相同温压条件下的实验室岩石波速测量结果进行对比,确定研究区的岩性组成. 结果表明,青藏高原东北缘地壳平均P波校正波速为6.43 km/s,地壳整体像上地壳一样呈酸性. 巴颜喀拉地块和秦岭地块南部的下地壳底部缺失校正速度V_p>6.9 km/s的基性岩,下地壳中酸性互层,下地壳整体呈酸性. 其他地块下地壳底部有2～10 km厚的校正速度V_p>6.9 km/s的基性岩,下地壳整体呈中性. 最后,根据青藏高原东北缘地壳结构和组成的研究成果,支持地壳增厚主要发生在下地壳的观点;提出巴颜喀拉地块和秦岭地块南部曾发生过下地壳拆沉作用,并导致高原的加速隆升.     

Deep tectonic setting of the 2008 Wenchuan <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>s</Subscript>8.0 earthquake in southwestern China

Teleseismic P-wave receiver functions at 20 broadband seismic stations in the Longmenshan fault zone (LMFZ) and its vicinity were extracted, and the crustal thickness and the P- and S-wave velocity ratio were calculated by use of the H-k stacking algorithm. With the results as constraints, the S-wave velocity structures beneath each station were determined by the inversion of receiver functions. The crustal structure of the Rear-range zone is similar to that of the Songpan-Garze Block, whereas the velocity structure of the Fore-range zone resembles that of Sichuan Basin, implying that the Central Principal Fault of LMFZ is the boundary between the eastern Tibetan Plateau and the Yangtze Block. Lower velocity zone exists in lower crust of the Songpan-Garze Block and the central-southern segment of the Rear-range zone, which facilitates the detachment of the material in upper and middle crust. Joint analysis of the receiver functions and the Bouguer gravity anomalies supports the thesis on the detachment-thrust mode of the LMFZ. A double-detachment pattern is suggested to the tectonic setting in the Songpan-Garze Block. The upper detachment occurs at the depth of 10-15 km, and represents a high-temperature ductile shear zone. There is a lower detachment at the depth of about 30 km, below which the lower crust flow exists in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Interpretation of the Bouguer gravity anomalies indicates that the Sichuan Basin is of higher density in upper and middle crust in comparison with that of the Songpan-Garze Block. The LMFZ with higher density is the result from the thrusting of the Songpan-Garze Block over the Sichuan Basin. In the lower crust, higher P velocity and higher density in the Sichuan Basin are related to more rigid material, while lower S velocity and lower density in the Songpan-Garze Block are related to the softened and weakened material. The higher density block beneath the Sichuan Basin obstructs the eastward flow of lower crustal material from the Tibetan Plateau, which is driven by the compression of northward movement of Indian Plate. The eastward movement of upper and middle crustal material is also obstructed by the rigid Yangtze Block, resulting in the stress concentrated and accumulated along the LMFZ. When the stress releases sharply, the Wenchuan M _s8.0 earthquake occurs. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40334041, 40774037) and Joint Foundation of Earthquake Science (Grant No. 1040062)     

Receiver function analysis for seismic structure of the crust and uppermost mantle in the Liupanshan area, China

A portable broadband seismic array was deployed from the northeast Tibetan Plateau to the southwest Ordos block, China. The seismic structure of the crust and uppermost mantle of the Liupanshan area is obtained using receiver function analysis of teleseismic body waves. The crustal thickness and Poisson's ratios are estimated by stacking the weighted amplitudes of receiver functions. Our results reveal complex seismic phases in the Liupanshan area, implying intense deformation at the boundary between the Tibetan Plateau and the Ordos block. The average crustal thickness is 51.5 km in the northeast Tibetan Plateau, 53.5 km in the Liupan Mountain and 50 km in the southwest Ordos block, resulting in a concave Moho beneath the Liupan Mountain. The Poisson's ratio of the Liupanshan area varies between 0.27-0.29, higher than the value of 0.25-0.26 to the east and west of the Liupan Mountain, suggesting partial melting in the lower crust. The variance in Poisson's ratio across the Liupan Mountain indicates notable changes in the crustal composition and mechanical properties, which may be formed by the northeastward flow of the Tibetan lower crust during the India-Eurasia collision.     

云南思茅—中甸地震剖面的地壳结构

云南思茅—中甸宽角反射/折射地震剖面切割松潘—甘孜、扬子和华南三个构造单元的部分区域. 我们利用初至波和壳内反射波走时层析成像获得地壳纵波速度结构. 在获得新的地壳速度结构模型基础上，利用地震散射成像思想和低叠加次数的叠前深度偏移方法重建了研究区的地壳、上地幔反射结构. 综合分析研究区地壳P波速度模型和壳内地震反射剖面发现：沿测线从北至南地壳厚度从约50 km减薄至35 km左右，地壳厚度的减薄量主要体现在下地壳，剖面北段下地壳厚度约为30 km，剖面南段下地壳厚度仅为15 km左右；上地幔顶部局部位置P波速度值偏低，一般为76～78 km/s，反映出云南地区是典型的构造活动区的特点.剖面沿线地壳内地震反射发育，其中莫霍强反射出现在景云桥下方；在景云桥弧形断裂带8～10 km深处出现宽约50 km的强反射带.     

阿尔泰-阿尔金地学断面地壳结构

根据阿尔泰—阿尔金地学断面的地震纵、横波资料,建立了地壳速度及泊松比结构. 测区的地壳具有明显的三分结构特征,其纵波速度自上而下依次为6.0～6.3km/s、6.3～6.6km/s及6.9～7.0km/s;阿尔泰南缘的地壳最厚,为56km,准噶尔盆地的地壳最薄,为46km,大部分地区的地壳厚度为50km 左右. 准噶尔盆地与天山之间上地幔顶部的纵波速度为7.7～7.8km/s ;阿尔泰南缘及塔里木盆地上地幔顶部的纵波速度较高,为7.9～8.0km/s. 测线南部,包括东天山及塔里木东缘,自地表至30km深处的地壳纵波速度低,泊松比为0.25,表明上地壳主要为石英及花岗质成分;而测线北部(包括阿尔泰及准噶尔盆地)的中、上地壳则呈现较高的泊松比（0.26～0.27）,可能为基性地壳的体现. 厚15～30km的下地壳纵波速度（6.9～7.0km/s）较高,泊松比为0.26～0.28,可能以镁铁质的麻粒岩成分为主. 位于天山及其南侧地壳中部的低速层（VP=5.9km/s, σ=0.25）则可能为晚古生代的构造热事件中的花岗质侵入岩.     

利用H-K叠加方法和CCP叠加方法研究中国东北地区地壳结构与泊松比

利用中国东北布设的流动地震台阵（116个）以及国家和区域台网（121个）的宽频带台站记录的824个远震事件,采用P波接收函数CCP叠加和H-K叠加两种方法获得了研究区详尽的地壳厚度图像.研究结果显示,两种方法获得的地壳厚度分布特征具有很好的一致性,中国东北下方地壳厚度存在明显的东西横向差异.重力梯度带西侧和佳木斯地块的台站下方地壳较厚,介于36~41 km之间,而在兴蒙槽地褶带中重力梯度带往东从36 km减薄至34 km左右.松辽盆地北侧、东侧和南侧地壳厚度较薄,为29~34 km,反映了该区复杂的地壳变形过程.CCP剖面显示郯庐断裂深切地壳,敦化—密山断裂下方莫霍面出现错断.H-K叠加得到的地壳平均泊松比显示,东北地区绝大部分台站下方的泊松比值较大,0.24~0.29.长白山、松辽盆地东部、燕山台隆东部和大兴安岭北部,泊松比值达到0.27~0.30,可能有幔源物质上涌,下地壳铁镁组分含量增加.     

汶川MS8.0地震：地壳上地幔S波速度结构的初步研究

2008年5月12日我国四川省汶川地区发生了震惊世界的M_S8.0地震.历史上,同类地震在大陆内部极为罕见.该地震深部构造背景的研究对理解其成因极为重要.本文利用中国地震局地质研究所地震动力学国家重点实验室在川西地区布设的大规模密集流动宽频带地震台阵记录的远震P波波形数据和接收函数非线性反演方法,得到了沿北纬31°线的19个台站下方120 km深度范围内的S波速度结构及台站下方地壳的平均泊松比.该观测剖面穿越了主震区,总长度约为420 km. 我们的结果揭示了川滇地块、松潘-甘孜地块和四川盆地三个不同地块构造差异.上述三个地块的地壳结构特征可以概括为：（1）四川盆地前陆壳幔界面向西侧倾斜并有较为明显的横向变形,地壳厚度存在46～52 km的横向变化,中下地壳S波速度存在横向变化,地壳平均泊松比值较高（0.28～0.31）,但在龙门山断裂带附近,显示了坚硬地壳的特征,地壳平均泊松比仅为0.2;（2）松潘-甘孜地块地壳厚度由西侧靠近鲜水河断裂的60 km,向东减薄为52 km,在14～50 km深度范围内存在S波速度2.75～3.15 km/s的楔状低速区,其厚度由西侧的～30 km向东逐渐减薄为～15 km,相应区域的地壳平均泊松比高达0.29～0.31; （3）鲜水河断裂西侧,川滇地块地壳结构相对简单,地壳厚度为58 km,并在26 km深度存在约10 km厚度的高速层,地壳内平均泊松比约为0.25;（4）汶川大震区在12～23 km深度上具有近乎4.0 km/s的S波高速结构,而其下方的地壳为低速结构,地壳平均泊松比0.31～0.32,汶川大震的余震序列主要分布在高速介质区域内. 本文的结果表明松潘-甘孜地块的地壳相对软弱;而且并不存在四川盆地向西侧的俯冲.我们认为在青藏高原东向挤压的长期作用下,四川盆地强硬地壳的阻挡作用可导致松潘-甘孜地块内部蓄积很大的应变能量以及上、下地壳在壳内低速层顶部边界的解耦,在龙门山断裂带附近形成上地壳的铲形逆冲推覆.汶川大地震及其邻近区域所具有的坚硬上地壳和四川盆地的阻挡作用为低应变率下的高强度应力积累创造了必要条件,而松潘-甘孜地块长期变形积累的高应变能构成了孕育汶川大地震的动力来源.     

唐海—商都地震台阵剖面下方的地壳上地幔S波速度结构研究

2006年底,我们沿“张渤地震带”布设了一条从唐海—北京—商都的宽频带地震台阵剖面.本文利用台阵记录的远震波形资料,通过接收函数和面波联合反演对剖面下方100 km深度范围内地壳上地幔S波速度结构进行了研究.结果表明剖面东段莫霍面深度约30～34 km,西段深度约38～42 km,平原与山区的过渡地带地壳厚度变化较快.地壳内部10～20 km深度范围内存在多个低速体.在唐山7.8级地震震区附近Moho面出现小幅度隆起,中地壳存在明显的S波低速体.张家口以西,剖面下方10～20 km范围内存在两个S波低速体,张北6.2级地震发生在这两个低速体之间狭小的高速区. 在观测剖面附近,历史上发生的4个大震都与壳内低速体的分布有关. 张家口以东,上地幔普遍存在低速层,顶部埋深在60~80 km之间,并表现出明显的东部浅西部深的特点.     

佳木斯地块与松嫩地块俯冲碰撞的深反射地震剖面证据

佳木斯地块和松嫩地块是东北地区两个十分重要的地质构造单元,由于二者之间发育一套含有蓝片岩的俯冲增生杂岩-黑龙江杂岩(原称黑龙江群),其地质构造意义长期为人们所关注.巴彦—桦南深反射地震剖面揭示,佳木斯地块与松嫩地块之间存在明显向西俯冲的深反射信息,以壳内和幔内向西倾伏的楔状反射区为特征.壳内楔状反射区东与浅表层出露的黑龙江杂岩相连,向西倾伏延深至莫霍面,是俯冲增生杂岩在地壳深部的反映;幔内楔状反射区东起小兴安岭之下的莫霍面,向西倾伏延深至松辽盆地东缘,尖灭深度约78km,与多种方法得出的该区现今的岩石圈厚度(75~80km)基本一致.这一证据充分说明佳木斯地块的岩石圈地幔向西俯冲到松嫩地块岩石圈地幔之下.     

青藏高原S波和泊松比的层析成像

本研究使用中国数字地震台网（CDSN）（2009—2016）走时数据开展青藏高原地壳地震波速度三维层析成像研究,获得分辨率达到1°×1°×20 km的青藏高原地壳S波三维速度结构和泊松比分布.结果表明,分布在可可西里和羌塘北部的高钾质和钾质火山岩带,其上地壳到下地壳都存在S波波速扰动负异常和高泊松比.说明第三纪青藏高原隆升过程中,由于大陆碰撞使三叠纪的东昆仑缝合带重新破裂,造成大量壳幔混合熔融物质上涌和火山喷发,进而揭示了青藏高原北部新生代火山岩的存在与青藏高原的形成和隆升密切相关;青藏高原新生代裂谷位于中下地壳S波速度扰动负异常带的两侧,裂谷带之下的中下地壳泊松比减小到0.22以下.裂谷带之下中下地壳的S波速异常分布和泊松比值可以推断青藏高原新生代裂谷深达中地壳底部,这个推论与密度扰动三维成像的相关结论一致.青藏高原S波速度和泊松比在下地壳至壳幔边界随深度产生急剧变化,说明地壳内部发生了大规模的层间拆离和水平剪切;青藏高原东构造结之下泊松比高达0.29~0.33,S波速度扰动为负异常,推断东构造结下方地壳主要由坚硬的蛇纹石化橄榄岩组成;青藏高原中下地壳S波速负异常区范围大面积扩大,地壳底部几乎被S波速低值区全部覆盖.下地壳S波异常分布特点可能反映下地壳管道流的影响.