环嵩山地区9000 aB.P.-3000 aB.P.聚落规模等级

选取遗址面积、文化层厚度、重要遗物、重要遗迹4 个变量, 利用SOFM网络对环嵩山地区9000 aB.P.-3000 aB.P.聚落按照裴李岗、仰韶、龙山、夏商4 个阶段分别进行聚类分析, 以此对区域不同时期早期聚落的规模等级进行划分, 其中裴李岗时期聚落划分为2 个级别, 仰韶、龙山时期聚落均划分为3 个级别, 夏商时期聚落划分为4 个级别。结果表明, 裴李岗时期区域聚落等级规模之间的差异不明显, 大致在距今5000 年左右的仰韶文化中晚期, 区域聚落规模等级出现分异, 这种分异在龙山时期得以延续, 并于夏商时期最终形成。此外, 规模等级划分结果还对于特定时期文化面貌的区域差异有所反映, 具体表现在裴李岗时期3 个区域所属的不同文化系统与夏、商文化不同的空间分布特征。通过环嵩山地区9000 aB.P.-3000 aB.P.聚落规模等级研究发现, SOFM网络具有的邻近单元相互竞争、相互学习特征可以降低遗址面积不准确性对于分类结果的影响, 非常适合于早期聚落规模等级的划分。     

Spatial Modelling in Forest Ecology and Management: A Case Study. Edited by M. JANSEN,M. JUDAS and J. SABOROWSKI (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 2002). [Pp. xiii+225]. ISBN 3-540-43357-0. Price €89.95. Hardback

Urban segregation has received increasing attention in the literature due to the negative impacts that it has on urban populations. Indices of urban segregation are useful instruments for understanding the problem as well as for setting up public policies. The usefulness of spatial segregation indices depends on their ability to account for the spatial arrangement of population and to show how segregation varies across the city. This paper proposes global spatial indices of segregation that capture interaction among population groups at different scales. We also decompose the global indices to obtain local spatial indices of segregation, which enable visualization and exploration of segregation patterns. We propose the use of statistical tests to determine the significance of the indices. The proposed indices are illustrated using an artificial dataset and a case study of socio‐economic segregation in São José dos Campos (SP, Brazil).     

Bidrag til Norges Karthistorie. IV Olaus Magnus,et 400-års minne.

Olaus Magnus — et 400 års minne, så lyder titelen på det korte foredrag jeg har fått adgang til å. holde her i dag på. akademiets siste møte i inneværende kalenderår. Den 2. august i år var det nemlig 400 år siden denne merkelige, interessante og sympatiske personlighet døde i Rom. som Sveriges siste katolske erkebiskop etter 33 års land-flyktighet uten å ha fått tiltre den erkebiskopstolen i Uppsala, som pave Paulus III hadde utnevnt ham til etter hans to år eldre brors Johannes Magnus' død i 1544.     

GIS for Water Resources and Watershed Management. Edited by JOHN G. LYON (London: Taylor & Francis, 2002). [Pp. vii+266]. ISBN: 0-415-28607-7. Price £45. Hardback

Nowadays, a huge quantity of information is stored in digital format. A great portion of this information is constituted by textual and unstructured documents, where geographical references are usually given by means of place names. A common problem with textual information retrieval is represented by polysemous words, that is, words can have more than one sense. This problem is present also in the geographical domain: place names may refer to different locations in the world. In this paper we investigate the use of our word sense disambiguation technique in the geographical domain, with the aim of resolving ambiguous place names. Our technique is based on WordNet conceptual density. Due to the lack of a reference corpus tagged with WordNet senses, we carried out the experiments over a set of 1,210 place names extracted from the SemCor corpus that we named GeoSemCor and made publicly available. We compared our method with the most‐frequent baseline and the enhanced‐Lesk method, which previously has not been tested in large contexts. The results show that a better precision can be achieved by using a small context (phrase level), whereas a greater coverage can be obtained by using large contexts (document level). The proposed method should be tested with other corpora, due to the fact that our experiments evidenced the excessive bias towards the most‐frequent sense of the GeoSemCor.     

THE SCIENTIFIC EXPEDITION TO MT. NAMJAGBARWA ( 1982- 1984 )

The Mt. Namjagbarwa, 7782 meters at sea level, is the heightest in the East Himalayas Mts.and the piedmont belt was enclosed by Great Bend Gorge at the Yarlung Zangbo Jiang River. Due to the mountian being high and precipitous and the climb being dangerous, it set off interesting of mountaineers. Because of the natural conditions are     

Handling Geographic Information. Report of the Committee of Enquiry Chaired by Lord Chorley,Department of the Environment. (London: HMSO, 1987.) [Pp. 208. ] Price £l14-95. ISBN Oil 752015 2.

ABSTRACT

A wide range of environmental process simulations would benefit from the development of GIS able to cope with the additional dimensions of vertical space and time, and having extended spatial modelling facilities. The results of a project in the first of these areas, namely on the development of techniques for handling four-dimensional (4-D) data, are described. The key topics of data models, visualization and interpolation have been studied. Problems include the large size of some 4-D data sets, the sparseness of sampling in some dimensions compared with others, and the need to combine data sets from different sensors which may be of different dimensionalities and scales. The gridded volume data common to most environmental models are stored in a 4-D bintree form in which all dimensions are treated identically. Simple 4-D objects may also be stored, and links are provided between volume and object databases. The techniques have been implemented within a computational testbed allowing parallel processing to cope with large data sizes.