Village Network Centrality in Rural Tourism Destination:A Case from Yesanpo Tourism Area,China

With the development of rural tourism, the cooperation of villages has become very important.Identifying the status and importance of each village can contribute to better understanding of the integrated rural tourism management and sustainable rural tourism development. The research focused on 46 villages of Yesanpo scenic spot in China(39°35'-40°north latitude, and 115°16'- 115°30' east longitude). Integrating the method of Geographical Information System(GIS) and social network analysis, the spatial centrality and interrelation of each village in Yesanpo tourism destination were evaluated. The results showed that Xinggezhuang is the spatial core village of the whole 46 villages in Yesanpo tourism areas; Xinggezhuang, Nanzhuang, Zhenchang, Daze, Liujiahe and Zishikou are sub-core villages of the six tourism spots. Magezhuang, Ximagezhuang, Eyu, Zishikou, Daze, Shangzhuang, Zhenchang and Xiazhuang should be support of the core villages, which provide subsidiary services and connects with other nodes. The results also indicated that the study of the village centrality will contribute to build an integrated hierarchy structure and to provide sufficient basis for further development of rural tourism destination.     

Identifying Restructuring Types of Rural Settlement Using Social Network Analysis: A Case Study of Ezhou City in Hubei Province of China

Social interaction has become one of the key factors affecting the spatial reconstruction of rural settlements(SRRS).However, most studies ignored the multi-scale impact of social networks on the identification of restructuring types of rural settlements.This paper, taking Ezhou City of Hubei Province, China as the case study area, developed a potential inter-settlement network through considering settlements as nodes, and inter-settlement interactions induced by the spatial disparity of public ...     

Circulation of Development Factors Promoted by Innovation of Land Management Under Background of Rural Vitalization: A Case Study of Tengtou Village in Zhejiang Province,China

Land is the space carrier for the existence and flow of other development factors. Activating rural land and promoting the circulation of other development factors through land management innovation is necessary to realize rural vitalization. This paper identifies the connotation of factor flow in the rural vitalization context, the action mechanism of land management innovation to boost the flow of development factors, the issues and obstacles restricting factor circulation, and the realization...     

Tourism and Land Transformation:A Case Study of the Li River Basin,Guilin,China

Land-use change is intertwined with tourism because land is used as a resource for human activities.Land-use change also provides an opportunity to evaluate the status of the ecoenvironment.Understanding the relationship between tourism and land use change would help to predict the effect of tourism on land use and encourage sustainable tourism development.Using the Li River Basin as a case study,a hybrid approach using multilevel modeling and logistic regressions was employed to analyze the distribution of land-usechange between 1989 and 2010 to examine potential driving factors.Results reveal that rapid tourism development and construction expansion expose this area to risk of deforestation and forest degradation.Construction increased by 141% between 1989 and 2000 and by 195% between 2000 and 2010.The primary driving force for construction expansion shifted from population growth between 1989 and 2000 to investment growth after 2000.New construction primarily occurred on crop and woodlands areas,with shares of 81.25% and 6.38%,respectively,between 1989 and 2000,and with shares of 57.79% and 15.29%,respectively,between 2000 and 2010.Moreover,these drastic increases in construction also led to frequent transitions between croplands,woodlands,and grasslands.Traits including distances to urban areas and roads and scenic locations exerted significant effects on land-use change.Woodland regrowth in the areas thatsurround scenic locations consisted of fluctuating woodlands,whereas stable woodland regrowth was often absent in these areas.Likewise,permanent woodland clearing tended to be closed to near scenic locations.That is,construction at scenic locations negatively affected forest conservation in the Li River Basin.     

Spatio-temporal Differentiation and Driving Factors of Industrial Ecology of Restricted Development Zone from Adaptive Perspective: A Case Study of Shandong,China

Based on the adaptive analysis paradigm, this paper constructs an evaluation index system and an evaluation model of the level of industrial ecology of a restricted development zone from the perspective of the industrial system and of the environmental system, and studies the spatial-temporal differentiation characteristics and the driving factors of the level of industrial ecology of the restricted development zone of the Shandong Province, China, by using a variety of measurement methods. The results show that: 1) In the temporal dimension, the level of industrial ecology of the research area increased from 2005 to 2017, while in the regional dimension, it was higher in the eastern coastal areas, followed by the northwestern area and the southwestern area; 2) In the spatial dimension, from2005 to 2017 the level of industrial ecology of the research area had a clear spatial dependence, and the regional spatial agglomeration of the restricted development zones with similar industrial ecology levels become increasingly evident; 3) On the whole, the industrial ecology level in the study area had a clear spatial differentiation pattern, as it was higher in the north and in the east and lower in the south and in the west. Moreover, its evolution model changed from a ‘three-core driven model' to a ‘spatial scattered mosaic distribution model', and then to a ‘single-core driven model'; 4) Industrial ecology was positively correlated with economic development, foreign investment, science and technology, and negatively correlated with the government role, while industrial structure and environmental regulation failed to pass the statistical significance test.     

Spatial Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Urban Resilience from the Perspective of Daily Activity: A Case Study of Nanjing,China

Based on the connotation of urban resilience and the main contradictions of China’s urbanization, urban resilience is placed within the main daily activities contradictory scene of the urban man-land system to build a theoretical framework of urban activity resilience. Relying on geographic big data, this study identifies the spatial characteristics of activity resilience, reveals the impact of activity environment on activity resilience in Nanjing, and proposes countermeasures. The main conclus...     

Optimization of Rural Settlement Distributions Based On the Ecological Security Pattern: A Case Study of Da'an City in Jilin Province of China

Following the trends of Chinese rural transformation development, and the sustainable development goals for resources and environment, reasonable arranging the potential development space and the ecological space, so as to optimize the distributions of rural settlement would be the key challenge for rural areas in ecologically fragile regions. From the perspective of maintaining regional ecological security, this paper takes Da'an City, a typical ecological fragile region in Jilin Province, as the case area, constructing the comprehensive ecological security pattern(ESP) on basis of landscape ecology, and applying the landscape pattern indexes to quantitative analysis the spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlements. Then, different optimization directions and management strategies are put forward for rural settlements in each secure zone under the comprehensive ESP. The experimental results showed that 1) the area of the low security zone, the general security zone, the moderate security zone and the extreme security zone was 1570.18 km~2, 1463.36 km~2, 1215.80 km~2 and 629.77 km~2, representing 32.18%, 29.99%, 24.92% and 12.91% of the total area of the target area, respectively. 2) The rural settlements in Da'an City were characterized by a high degree of fragmentation with a large number of small-scale patches. 3) The area of rural settlements in the ecological relocation zone, the in situ remediation zone, the limited development zone and the key development zone was 22.80 km~2, 42.31 km~2, 36.28 km~2 and 19.40 km~2, accounting for 18.88%, 35.03%, 30.04% and 16.06% of the total area of rural settlements, respectively. Then, different measures were proposed for settlements in different optimization zones in order to scientifically plan important ecological space, production space and living space in rural areas. This paper aims to provide fundamental support for rural settlements based on redistribution from the perspective of landscape ecology and provide insights for rural planning and rural habitat environmental improvement.     

广州新型智慧城市应用探索:城乡规划的智慧化管理

新技术尤其是信息技术的快速发展为新型智慧城市的建设提供了条件,城市规划管理作为城市建设的前端环节,在新型智慧城市建设中发挥着重要的作用。规划管理"一张图"平台、多规合一信息联动平台等围绕新技术而形成的规划管理新手段,极大地提高政务效率,也倒逼新型智慧城市的规划管理更加智慧化。本文以广州市为例,分析城乡规划智慧化管理历程,从决策层、管理层、实施层、技术层和数据层5个维度探索城乡规划智慧化应用,构建城乡规划智慧化管理体系,关注智慧化提升城乡规划与管理能力,运用信息系统构建五年空间规划体系、一张图管理和实施评估、多源数据辅助规划决策等城乡规划智慧化方式,为相关城市建设新型智慧城市应用提供支撑。     

Evaluation of Three-dimensional Urban Expansion: A Case Study of Yangzhou City,Jiangsu Province,China

With rapid urban development in China in the last two decades, the three-dimensional(3D) characteristic has been the main feature of urban morphology. However, the vast majority of researches of urban growth have focused on the planar area(two-dimensional(2D)) expansion. Few studies have been conducted from a 3D perspective. In this paper, the 3D urban expansion of the Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China from 2003 to 2012 was evaluated based on Geographical Information System(GIS) tools and high-resolution remote sensing images. Four indices, namely weighted average height of buildings, volume of buildings, 3D expansion intensity and 3D fractal dimension are used to quantify the 3D urban expansion. The weighted average height of buildings and the volume of buildings are used to illustrate the temporal change of the 3D urban morphology, while the other two indices are used to calculate the expansion intensity and the fractal dimension of the 3D urban morphology. The results show that the spatial distribution of the high-rise buildings in Yangzhou has significantly spread and the utilization of the 3D space of Yangzhou has become more efficient and intensive. The methods proposed in this paper laid a foundation for a wide range of study of 3D urban morphology changes.     

基于GIS新冠智能体仿真模型及应用——以广州市为例

2019年12月湖北省武汉市出现了新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情.新型冠状病毒传播力强,导致全国甚至全世界范围都出现新型冠状病毒疫情.为了刻画新型冠状病毒在城市内部的传播方式,本文基于个体在城市中的行为和社会关系,融合了复杂网络理论和GIS技术构建了新型冠状病毒智能体仿真模型.该模型以广州市为研究对象,通过马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛方法...     

Multi-scale Spatial Patterns and Influencing Factors of Rural Poverty: A Case Study in the Liupan Mountain Region,Gansu Province,China

The important role of spatial scale in exploring the geography of poverty as well as its policy implications has been noticed but with limited knowledge. To improve such limited understanding, we mainly investigated the spatial patterns and influencing factors of rural poverty (indicated by poor population and poverty incidence) at three different administrative levels in the Liupan Mountain Region, one of the fourteen poorest regions in China. Our results show that from a global perspective, poor areas are clustered significantly at the county-, township-, and village-level, and more greatly at a lower level. Locally, there is spatial mismatch among poverty hotspots detected not only by the same indicator at different levels but also by different indicators at the same level. A scale effect can be found in the influencing factors of rural poverty. That is, the number of significant factors increases, but the degree of their association with poverty incidence decreases at a lower level. Such scale effect indicates that poverty incidence at lower levels may be affected by more complex factors, including not only the new local ones but also the already appeared non-local ones at higher levels. However, the natural conditions tend to play a scale-independent role to poverty incidence. In response to such scale-dependent patterns and factors, anti-poverty policies can be 1) a multilevel monitoring system to reduce incomplete or even misleading single-level information and understanding; 2) the village-based targeting strategy to increase the targeting efficiency and alleviate the mentioned spatial mismatch; 3) more flexible strategies responding to the local impoverishing factors, and 4) different task emphasises for multilevel policymakers to achieve the common goal of poverty reduction.     

Complex Pathways to Population Shrinkage: Case Study of Hegang City,China

With the transformation of China’s industry and demographic structure, urban shrinkage, especially the resource-based cities due to their single industrial structure, tend to emerge gradually. Using empirical and quantitative methods, this paper explores the evolution mechanism of urban shrinkage in Hegang, a resource-based city in China. Our findings suggest that there are many correlations or cyclic relationships among variables, which provide an empirical confirmation for the complexity of ur...     

Directional Analysis of Urban Expansion Based on Sub-pixel and Regional Scale: A Case Study of Main Districts in Guangzhou,China

Multi-scale data have had a wide-ranging level of performance in the area of urban change monitoring. Herein we investigate the correlation between the impervious surface fraction(ISF) and the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Linescan System(DMSP/OLS) nighttime stable light(NTL) data with respect to the urban expansion in the main districts of Guangzhou. Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper and Landsat 8 Operational Land Image(OLI) data from 1988 to 2015 were used to extract the ISF using the linear spectral mixture analysis model and normal difference build-up index at the sub-pixel scale. DMSP/OLS NTL data from 1992 to 2013 were calibrated to illustrate the urban nighttime light conditions at the regional scale. Urban expansion directions were identified by statistics and kernel density analysis for the ISF study area at the sub-pixel scale. In addition, the correlation between the ISF and DMSP/OLS NTL data were illustrated by linear regression analysis. Furthermore, Profile Graph in ArcGIS was employed to illustrate the urban expansion from the differences in correlation in different directions. The conclusions are as follows: 1) The impervious surface(IS)in the study area has expanded to the northeast and the east, starting with the old urban zones, and the high-density IS area has increased by321.14 km^2. 2) The linear regression analysis reveals a positive correlation between the ISF and the DMSP/OLS NTL data. The multi-scale data changes are consistent with the actual urban planning of Guangzhou. 3) The DMSP/OLS NTL data overestimate the urban extent because of its saturation and blooming effects, causing its correlation with ISF to decrease. The pattern of urban expansion influences the saturation and blooming effects of the DMSP/OLS NTL data.     

Spatial Polarization of Villages in Tourist Destinations: A Case Study from Yesanpo,China

Spatial perspectives were applied to examine the processes of growth and development in rural settlements affected by tourism.Based on field surveys and GIS spatial analysis methods, we studied the spatial evolution of two villages(Jiaojiekou and Gougezhuang) in the Yesanpo tourist area over the last 25 years.The results revealed a polarization trend,with Jiaojiekou becoming a ‘hollowed' village and Gougezhuang developing into a ‘new-type' tourist town.This polarization indicates the unsustainability of rural development in tourist destinations, which is manifested by the following features: only some villages benefit from the development of tourism;there is simultaneously a shortage of land in tourist villages and a wastage of land in traditional villages;and the function of the villages is deficient.Nevertheless, the spillover of the effects of tourism may provide an opportunity for the development of traditional villages.To better utilize this opportunity,we propose that:(1) integrated rural tourism management should be developed to explore effective methods of promoting tourism as part of a rural development strategy;(2) different land use policies are required for different villages; and(3) the balance between government regulation and community participation should be emphasized.     

Types and Optimization Paths Between Poverty Alleviation Effectiveness and Rural Revitalization: A Case Study of Hunan Province,China

Exploring the synergy types and optimization paths between Poverty Alleviation Effectiveness and Rural Revitalization is necessary for achieving the two centenary goals. Taking poverty alleviation counties in Hunan Province, China as an example, our study proposed an indicator to measure the synergistic development between Poverty Alleviation Effectiveness and Rural Revitalization using the multi-index integrated evaluation method. Then, the coupling types were classified based on both the propo...     

渔村社区转型管窥--湛江市遂溪县某渔村个案分析

随着渔业经济的发展,捕捞强度过大使得渔业资源严重衰退,渔村社区面临转型的困境.以调查村为例从产业结构、管理体制、文化教育管理、生活方式等四个方面对其现实的状况与困境进行分析,并在此基础上提出转型的相应对策措施,以期为相关政府部门的决策提供参考和借鉴.     

Withdrawal Intention of Farmers from Vacant Rural Homesteads and Its Influencing Mechanism in Northeast China: A Case Study of Jilin Province

The effective use of land in Northeast China is of great significance for ensuring national food security and regional rural revitalization. In this study, based on the survey data collected from Jilin Province, Northeast China, we analyzed the vacancy rates of rural homesteads in suburban, outer suburban, and remote villages, as well as the withdrawal intention of rural-settled farmers, urbansettled farmers, and farmers with urban and rural dual residency from vacant homesteads. From the perspe...     

Agricultural Development and Implication for Wetlands Sustainability: A Case from Baoqing County,Northeast China

Historical thematic maps and remote sensing data were applied to address spatiotemporal dynamics of land use/land cover(LULC)changes and its impact on wetlands sustainability based on eight LULC datasets from 1954 to 2015 in Baoqing County,Northeast China.This study demonstrated that LULC drastically changed in the past six decades due to conversion of wetlands,woodland,and grassland into cropland.The cropland was 578.8 km~2 in 1954,accounting for 5.8% of the area in Baoqing County,and it increased to 54.3% in 2015,which was nearly equivalent to 9.4 times of that in 1954.Cropland increased 4843.6 km~2 from 1954 to 2015 with average increased area of 79.4 km~2/yr.The conversion of wetlands was the main reason for cropland increase(49.7%),and woodland(18%)and grassland(16.3%)conversion were other reasons.Results also revealed that 78% of wetlands were lost during the past six decades,of which 91.2% were converted cropland.Population increasing(population across Baoqing in 2015 was 7.8 times of that in 1949),agricultural technology development was the main reason for cropland increase,institutional and economic policies also played important roles for cropland dynamics,particularly paddy field influenced by market price.Agricultural development has caused severe wetlands degradation both in area and functionality,and still being the major threads for wetlands sustainable development.Several suggestions concerning the future land use policy formulation and wetlands sustainability were proposed.They are adjusting the‘food first’agricultural policy,reinforce management for wetlands nature reserves,creating infrastructure for the rational use of surface and groundwater,harnessing the degraded cultivated land.     

Spatial-temporal Characteristics of Green Development Efficiency and Influencing Factors in Restricted Development Zones: A Case Study of Jilin Province,China

Green development is an important issue of sustainable development in China. Due to the relatively backward economy and the fragile ecological environment, restricted development zones need to embrace green development. Taking 38 counties in Jilin Province as the empirical research objects, and based on cross-sectional data for each county in 2005, 2010, and 2015, we accurately depicted the spatiotemporal evolutionary characteristics of green development efficiency(GDE) in restricted development zones of Jilin Province using the slacks-based measure-data envelope analysis(SBM-DEA) model. Moreover, the factors that influence GDE were further analyzed using the Tobit model. We found that: first, GDE showed a V-shaped trend in restricted development zones of Jilin Province. The differences in GDE in the eastern, central, and western Jilin Province increased gradually. Second, 76% of counties in the restricted development zones had high or higher efficiencies. The resource-based cities were the main areas with low or lower GDE. Third, the economic development level was the core factor affecting GDE. Urbanization level had a significant negative effect on GDE in the restricted development zones. The effect of technological innovation level on GDE fluctuated, and we found that a ‘backward mechanism' of technological innovation was beginning to form. Industrial structure and environmental governance had no significant effects on GDE.