The university and the city

Universities were originally urban institutions with a vocational mission, though later some of them lost these categories. The outstanding cases of university-industrial synergy are all American: Highway 128 around Boston, Silicon Valley in the San Francisco bay Area, and Los Angeles Aerospace Alley. They display common features, notably their dependence on defence contracts during the Cold war, but there are differences in the subsequent history. Europe and Japan provide more negative examples: the English M4 corridor west of London, the French Cité Scientifique Ile-de-France Sud and the Japanese science town of Tsukuba have all been less successful than their American counterparts, though Cambridge seems to have been an exception; interestingly, its origins were different.     

Stockholm city – university research in social work

Continuous contacts between academic research, local politicians and administrative experts have existed since the 1950s in the field of social work. Battles of mastery over knowledge have taken place. The original autonomy of academic research has been replaced by alliances between researchers and either techno-administrative experts or municipal politicians.     

The city of Moscow and the Moscow agglomeration

Lower rainfall and a longer dry season appear to have characterised SE Asia during the Quaternary Glacials. This had an important effect on vegetation and on landform development, particularly on weathering, river regimen, coastal features and planation. The low Glacial sea levels are generally thought not to have caused river incision and deposition of rather coarse-textured materials is considered more characteristic. Incision was mainly tied to the Interglacial and Holocene humic tropical conditions when vegetation interfered with non-concentrated surface wash. Clay blankets were deposited off-shore and also above the waterline. This concept has consequences for the Quaternary chronology in SE Asia.     

The utopia of the binational city

Kerkrade and Herzogenrath, on the German-Dutch border, look back at a common past in the former Land of Rode. This ceased to exist in 1815 when the border was drawn between Prussia and The Netherlands. Since then the people turned their backs to each other more and more and started orientating towards their own nation state. Only after the dramatic nationalism of World War II subsided, did the border loose some of its dividing effects on political and social life. Unification processes of the European Union strengthened this, and the rapprochement between Kerkrade and Herzogenrath has become so intensive that they present themselves as one town: Eurode. The identification of both towns as one territorial, institutional and social entity was and is essential for the success of Eurode. Yet, creating a feeling of 'we-ness' is not enough if the actions and thoughts of the inhabitants do not match this feeling. This article therefore deals with the different stages of cross border integration necessary before one can speak of a 'binational city'. The question remains open however, whether the binational city can ever be more than Utopia. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The politics of the British inner city

The reasons for the recent revival of the debate about the inner cities and its implications for geographical thinking are analysed. Changing government policies towards inner cities since the initial declaration of intent by the Labour government in 1968 are described, and the more recent Conservative government emphasis upon privatization, enterprise, deregulation and flexibility is discussed. Academic interest currently focuses on the way in which the terms of the debate are set politically with the concept of the ‘inner city’ being defined and redefined according to the political priorities of policy-makers. Running parallel with this process is the ‘imagineering’ of place, whereby places are sold on the basis of deliberately created images. Discussion of the London Docklands highlights the mixed record of redevelopment compared with the images purveyed by government and other agencies. A ‘hidden agenda’ (of race or dismantling of local government power) is shown to underlie political rhetoric about inner cities. The inner city thus emerges as a key ideological battleground between contending political groupings.     

高校图书馆的建筑文化

建筑是营造空间的艺术,是文化传承的载体。高校图书馆作为校园文化的标志、人文精神的载体,应追求强烈浓厚的文化韵味、天人合一的环境观念、精美的艺术造型和人性化的空间艺术,树立经济、适用、美观的设计理念,满足以人为本的无障碍设计,充分应用现代化设备,体现出功能与文化的奇妙交融,成为校园景观中一颗璀璨的明珠。     

The latin American city and the symbolic impact of built environment

Cities as crystalisations of civilizations represent symbolic impact in their layout and architecture. Built environment in this sense has an symbolic impact. Intending to understand a civilization it can be helpful to look at these symbols. This article tries to demonstrate the changing symbols in different historic periods of Latin America. Symbols were to be found in the urban morphology of even the precolumbian cities. They changed within the colonial era, and again during the different influences of French, British or North American domination. Today there can be noticed a decline of the traditional symbolic elements of towns. On the other hand there are certain symptoms of a crisis of self-identity of the Latin Americans. So even the diverse ideas how to define a new image are to be seen in the built environment of main cities of various states. shortened version of a presentation to the Meeting of the Association of Pacific Coast Geographers at Eugene, Oregon, September 12, 1986 I wish to thank my friend William S. Preston, Department of Geography, Calif. Polytechnic State Univ. San Luis Obispo, for his patience helping me to translate this article. It was a pleasure to have a competent translater and partner of discussion.     

The inner city: In search of the problem

This paper explores the theoretical content of the inner-city debate in Britain and seeks to examine the extent to which the ‘problem’ is either new or primarily economic. It is argued that the inner-city issue, while subject to specific political and ideological forces, is associated with the general processes of uneven capitalist development. In this sense, metropolitan decline is a further manifestation of the relationship between the built environment, the transience of economic activity and social change. More specifically the decline of the inner city relates to the incipient role of Britain in the development of capitalism and its current position in the world economy. The emergence of this as a ‘problem’ for the British state is combined with a convenient spatial determinism, which isolates the inner city as an anomaly even as the search for palliatives is erected to the status of a major social task.     

武汉城市形成发展及人地关系演变

武汉俗称"江城",又称"百湖之市","大江大湖大武汉"是武汉城市的真实写照。通过对武汉市的近代地质环境演化过程和武汉市城市发展阶段的综合分析,根据武汉市不同发展阶段的地质环境背景以及人类发展对地质环境的适应与改造,认为武汉城市发展阶段与地质环境的对应关系可概括为:岗地发展阶段—史前城时期;岗地前缘发展阶段—古代城时期;平原发展阶段—近代城以来。     

The post-industrialising city: political perspectives and cultural biases

Many Western cities face marked changes that are associated with post-industrialisation of the urban environment. In this article, four political perspectives on the threats and opportunities associated with post-industrialisation are discussed: liberal productivism; communitarianism; institutional perfectionism and participative democracy. In cultural terms these four approaches appear to be remarkably biased. As such, they are unlikely to match the complicated, confusing and unpredictable processes that are taking place in Western cities. The complexities of post-industrialisation demand cultural variety in the public domain. This, in turn, requires connectivity and openness in the institutions that structure urban politics and urban policy making. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

我国城市地裂缝灾害问题与对策

从20世纪中期以来地裂缝在我国许多城市开始出现，已成为一种区域性的重要地质灾害，严重危及城市建设与人民生活。文章详细介绍了我国地裂缝灾害的分布特征，总结出地裂缝具有成带性、不可抗拒性、方向性和周期性的灾害特点。以我国比较典型的新构造活动区域－汾渭地堑内的地裂缝为例，从构造活动和地下水开采影响方面分析了地裂缝形成机理，针对地裂缝产生的不同原因，提出了建筑物加固和减少地下水开采等控制及减轻地裂灾害的措施。     

海绵城市建设中水文地质调查工作的重要性及其调查内容

本文回顾了海绵城市的概念,论述了水文地质调查工作的重要性,认为海绵城市建设在规划及设计前期进行水文地质调查是非常必要的,是不可简化和省略的工作。明确了场地水文地质调查内容主要包括:场地自然地理条件的调查评价、土壤调查、地下水调查等,同时对低影响开发设施的类型及初步选择作了说明。     

Milan: The city of constant renewal

Traditional models of urban development are no longer adequate to describe current metropolitan transformations. These are now at the centre of a debate concerning management and administration. In Italy, delays in resolving problems of urban and metropolitan government, despite the legal framework provided by Law 142/90, have weighed heavily on the larger urban areas of the country: Rome, Naples, Milan, which have not been able to tackle the issue of metropolitan government. Recent legislation, while not providing a pre-defined institutional solution, allows separate administrative districts to collectively establish metropolitan institutions of `variable geometry'. The Milan urban area is not one city, but a system of mutually-dependent cities, linked to each other and the rest of the world by a transport network still requiring much investment. The vitality of its economic structure (especially its small firms) is held back by seriously inadequate infrastructure and low external economic efficiency. The provincial capital may boast `historic centrality' but the most interesting potential for development is to be found on the periphery and in the administrative districts immediately surrounding it, in the recovery of derelict industrial areas and dormitory towns established in the 1950s and 1960s, especially to the north. Recovery of derelict areas, green areas, and better transport links within the urban area and with the outside world are the key elements in the reorganization of `Greater Milan'. In this situation of rapid transformation the most appropriate political strategies involve negotiated planning. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

推进"12319"城建服务热线与城市数字化管理联动努力提高城市综合管理和公共服务水平

“12319”城建服务热线和数字化城市管理，是建设部大力倡导和推进加强城市管理的重要抓手，近年来，上海在全力推进“枢纽型，功能性、网络化”基础设施建设，不断增强城市功能，改善城市形象的同时，积极探索“12319”服务热线与数字化管理工作的结合，努力提高城市管理水平。     

The university as a local source of expertise

The relationship between the university and the city is expressed, amongst others, by the transfer of knowledge from the university to local actors. The universitys role as a local source of knowledge is studied by analyzing the outflow of the two main knowledge assets to the local area: graduates and research results. By comparing the results from universities in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom comparative evidence is discussed.     

The booming growth of the city of Riyadh and its effect on the housing market

The main objective of this study is to devise a method by which one can estimate the number of building units available for use, the purpose of using them and the percentage of vacant units in the city of Riyadh. The raw data for this research were obtained from the Saudi Consolidated Electric Company after being modified by the authorr for the purposes of this work. The analysis of the acquired data shows that Riyadh has witnessed a booming growth in the number of building units. As a result of this tremendous expansion in building and construction, the supply of building units exceeded that of the demand so that some 14% of the building units are left vacant. In the absence of a more recent population census the writer believes that this method may be used to study both land use and population growth and density not only in the city of Riyadh but also in other cities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.     

Excavating Lefebvre: The right to the city and its urban politics of the inhabitant

Much current activism and scholarship has raised concern that the various processes of neoliberal restructuring are threatening democracy. More specifically, researchers in geography and other social sciences have stressed that political and economic restructuring in cities is negatively affecting the enfranchisement of urban residents. Much recent research and writing has explored progressive responses to this perceived disenfranchisement in cities. One popular trend has been a fascination with the idea of the `right to the city' as a way to respond to neoliberal urbanism and better empower urban dwellers. I argue that the right to the city holds promise, but that in the literature the idea remains both theoretically and politically underdeveloped. It remains unclear (1) what the right to the city entails or (2) how it might address current problems of disenfranchisement. This paper examines the right to the city in greater depth. It does so by offering a close reading and analysis of the intellectual roots of the idea: the writings of Henri Lefebvre. I suggest that Lefebvre's right to the city is more radical, more problematic, and more indeterminate than the current literature makes it seem. The paper concludes by suggesting that the right to the city does offer distinct potential for resisting current threats to urban enfranchisement. However, the right to the city is not a panacea. It must be seen not as a completed solution to current problems, but as an opening to a new urban politics, what I call an urban politics of the inhabitant.     

桂林市红粘土的矿物组成与化学组成特征

讨论了粘土矿物成分与其成因的关系，指出红粘土的工程特性，是以伊利石为主，多数属于中等风化作用程度，具有中弱胀缩性。