极端暴雨威胁下的城市内涝风险预警系统研究

传统内涝风险预报系统多基于单一降雨产品驱动城市水文水动力模型的模式,难以解决由于暴雨观测或数值模拟带来的不确定性问题。综合利用多源降雨（雷达、地面雨量计,地面雨滴谱）、积水观测数据,有利于提高内涝预报精度,改善风险空间描述。因此,为了进一步加强洪涝预测能力以更好地应对极端暴雨威胁,本研究提出了基于综合观测的城市内涝风险预警系统,并在北京市清河流域进行了初步实践和检验。该系统包含六个模块,融合了新兴的降雨积水观测技术,引入了主流的降雨临近预报方法,采用了成熟的城市雨洪模拟手段,可为道路交通提供实时的积水深度和风险等级,为城市内涝灾害应急管理提供内涝风险预测和预警产品。     

城市地表特征对京津冀地区夏季降水的影响研究

本文利用京津冀地区24个气象站的日降水资料和耦合有单层城市冠层模式(SLUCM)的中尺度数值模式WRF的模拟结果,研究了城市地表特征对京津冀地区夏季降水的影响。结果表明,在京津冀城市面积迅速增长的近三十年(1981~2010),该地区大部分站点的降水量都呈现减少的趋势,减少最明显的站点主要集中在京津唐城市区域,其中≥50 mm的降水量减少趋势占总降水量减少趋势的50%以上。城市扩张可能是造成京津冀降水时空格局改变的因素之一。通过对比分析控制试验与敏感性试验的模拟结果,发现城市化引起的地表特征的改变使北京、天津、唐山主要城市地区的降水量和降水频次都有明显减少,而城市群下风向的降水量和降水强度则明显增加和增强,其中50 mm以上等级的降水量变化最为显著,贡献率在60%以上。城市地表特征使北京、天津和唐山地区50 mm以上等级降水量的百分比下降了6%~20%,下风向地区增加了8%。城市地表特征也影响了主要城市和城市群下风向地区降水量的日变化结构,使北京和唐山几乎所有时段的降水量都有所减少,而城市群下风向降水量的增加主要发生在白天。研究发现城市地表特征对深对流的抑制(加强)可能是造成京津冀地区降水减少(增多)的重要原因,而由于城市地表蒸发量的改变引起的潜热通量和对流有效位能的改变则可能是引起深对流变化的重要因素。     

集合动力因子对登陆台风“莫拉克”(0908)暴雨 落区的诊断与预报研究

“莫拉克”是2009年登陆我国热带气旋中影响范围最广、造成损失最大的台风.“莫拉克”带来的强降水导致台湾南部发生50年来最严重的水灾,福建、浙江等省的部分站点过程雨量超过50年一遇.因此,在台风暴雨(强降水)预报中,能否准确把握其落区就显得尤为重要.本文首先利用中尺度非静力数值模式WRF对台风“莫拉克”进行高分辨率数值模拟(三层嵌套,最高分辨率为2 km).模式较好地再现了台风中心的移动路径、强度;模拟的降水分布区域与实况也较为相符.利用再分析资料及模拟的高分辨率资料对暴雨成因进行诊断分析,表明造成此次强降水过程的水汽主要由西南季风输送,并且垂直运动旺盛,贯穿整个对流层.根据集合动力因子预报方法,运用广义湿位温、对流涡度矢量垂直分量及水汽散度通量对暴雨落区进行了诊断和预报,发现广义湿位温等值线的“漏斗状”区域与暴雨落区对应关系显著;基于NCEP-GFS每日四次的预报场资料,利用对流涡度矢量和水汽散度通量做出的降水落区预报表明,二者对降水落区均有一定的指示意义.强降水主要位于对流层中低层对流涡度矢量垂直积分量的梯度大值区附近,其时间演变与观测降水的演变具有相当高的一致性;水汽通量散度抓住了垂直运动和水汽散度这两个引发暴雨的关键因子,对降水的发生范围和强降水极值中心的判断更为准确.这三个动力因子都可以为“莫拉克”台风暴雨(强降水)落区提供信号,对台风暴雨落区具有一定的诊断和预报意义.     

多家数值产品沿海大暴雨预报性能检验

2010年8月4-5日和2010年8月21-22日两次天气过程都是在副热带高压外围产生的沿海大暴雨天气,利用多种资料,重点针对基层气象台(站)常用的几家数值模式产品,对两次暴雨过程从环流形势、影响系统、降水量要素等方面进行检验分析.结果表明:各家数值模式产品对暴雨定量预报有一定的预报能力,但降雨量级普遍偏小,对强降水中心的预报稳定性较差;在降水量级上,EC模式预报较准确,具有较高的参考价值.对产生暴雨天气影响系统位置和强度的预报,不同的数值模式有所差异;对西太平洋副热带高压的预报,T639模式和EC模式各时效预报脊点位置跟实况场一致,但强度较实况偏弱;但对高空槽和切变线的预报跟实况都有一定的偏差.因此在暴雨预报中需要在参考数值预报的基础上,结合强对流工具、实况加密资料、物理量场、相似个例和经验外推等其他辅助手段提高暴雨站点预报准确率,从而提升灾害性天气服务的效果.     

上海市城市暴雨内涝评估建模及模拟研究

随着城市化的推进,暴雨内涝逐渐成为许多城市的主要自然灾害,但当前暴雨内涝模型大多基于水动力学方法,需要大量的输入参数,不便于推广和应用。研究采用概化方法针对外环内中心城区构建上海暴雨内涝评估模型(Shanghai Urban Flooding Assessment Model,SUM),通过对接逐时次的降雨量,实现了对城市内涝的逐小时连续模拟。在此基础上,利用报警灾情资料和区内积水监测数据对模型模拟结果进行了评估。结果表明,该模型可以较好地模拟本市中心城区的内涝积水状况,且随着降雨量的增大,积水面积的增幅也逐渐变大;致灾阈值的分析表明浦西地区的内涝致灾雨量总体上低于浦东,其中本市黄浦、徐汇、虹口、闸北等中心城区以及宝山区部分街道的致灾雨量相对较低。     

一种基于数值模式诊断自适应的北京地区对流性降水临近集合预报新方法

局地触发及组织化发展中尺度系统的生消演变是影响对流性降水临近预报的核心和关键。本文结合雷达外推预报、专家系统以及快速循环更新的高分辨数值模式系统,发展和构造了一种适合北京地区的基于数值模式预报诊断自适应的对流性降水临近集合预报新方法（APEN）。APEN基于降水外推预报结果,采用模糊逻辑算法,利用北京市气象局快速循环更新同化系统（RMAPS-IN）提供的对流诊断因子,计算对流系统发展演变（新生、增加和减弱）概率;在此基础上,扰动诊断因子阈值和权重,形成对流发展的集合概率预报;最后综合专家经验,根据对流集合概率,在降水外推预报基础上进行对流性降水调整。应用APEN,针对北京两次强弱降水过程,进行了降水的临近预报试验,结果表明:基于RMAPS-IN多种诊断因子的对流发展集合概率在强弱两种天气背景下,都能较好的反映对流系统在临近时段的发展趋势;基于专家经验模型的三种对流发展状态（对流新生、增加和减弱）下的降水调整,能合理的表征对流系统发展演变对降水的影响。APEN降水预报和RMAPS-IN的业务预报的对比显示:无论是系统性对流过程还是局地激发对流过程,APEN预报的降水落区和强度都更接近于实况,尤其是考虑对流发展演变影响的降水强度预报明显优于RMAPS-IN,APEN在北京地区对流性降水的临近预报中有明显的优势和应用潜力。     

贵州西部极端对流性暴雨预报失败案例剖析

2020年6月1—2日,贵州西部发生了1次局地性的对流性暴雨过程,预报员和各数值模式对此次过程的预报量级显著偏小,对暴雨范围的低估,造成了特大暴雨、大暴雨的漏报。该文利用常规地面、高空资料,加密自动站观测资料,多普勒天气雷达资料,卫星资料及业务中常用的数值预报产品等对此次暴雨漏报案例进行剖析,结果表明：在弱天气尺度强迫背景下,高温高湿的环境中,未能准确判断对流的触发条件,未分析出露点锋、偏西风和偏南风的辐合、冷池和地面辐合线等的存在及其对强降水的影响,加之难以在短时间内对风场的发展演变进行精细分析,导致此次暴雨过程漏报;对于发生在暖湿气团中的对流性降水的预报,需考虑高温高湿环境下露点锋、辐合区、冷池、地面辐合线的相互作用触发对流并使其组织化发展,从而导致局地性、对流性强降水的产生;基于地面加密自动站资料和雷达资料等的短时临近预报可以帮助捕捉中小尺度系统,从而提高对此类暴雨的预报准确率。     

基于局地增长模培育法的对流可分辨尺度WRF模式对河南“21·7”特大暴雨的预报评估

基于WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式,选取河南“21·7”特大暴雨事件,采用局地增长模培育法(Local Breeding Growth Mode,LBGM)生成对流尺度集合预报系统,在此基础上对24 h累积降水量进行SAL(Structure,Amplitude and Location)检验,结合预报成功指数(Threat Score,TS)、公平成功指数(Equitable Threat Score,ETS)评分等评分结果进行对比分析,综合评估集合预报成员的预报效果,表明:1)基于局地增长模培育法生成初始扰动的集合预报系统成员对于强降水预报有一定优势,在降水强度和位置的预报上与实况较接近;2)经检验,成员e003的TS和ETS评分在20日00时—21日00时(北京时,下同)和21日08时—22日08时两个强降水时段内表现最佳,并在SAL检验中对应较好的降雨强度A和雨区位置L,而成员e008暴雨TS、ETS评分最低,对应SAL检验中具有一定的位置偏差,即TS、ETS评分和SAL检验之间存在相关性,将二者有机结合,可以为业务工作中定量评估模式降水预报效果提供参考;3)通过对比整体评分表现较好的成员e003和较差的成员e008,两者预报的位势高度场与ERA5(ECMWF reanalysis v5,ERA5)再分析资料之间的差值,可以验证降水预报误差主要源于对低涡系统的预报偏差,同时预报评分较好的成员其位势高度偏差较小,综合评估效果更佳。     

基于卫星和雷达资料的对流云团识别跟踪

强对流天气是福建汛期最主要的气象灾害之一,利用我国自主研制的风云系列气象卫星资料,结合天气雷达和自动站雨量资料,采用多阈值法、面积重叠法、统计法对福建省对流云团的识别、跟踪、未来3h短时降水预报等方法进行研究,在此基础上建立福建省对流云团卫星遥感监测预报业务软件系统。根据2015年5—9月福建省4次典型对流天气过程的业务试运行,结果表明该业务软件系统能准确识别跟踪对流云团的发生发展,对流云团移动过程的降水落区与地面气象观测的实际降水分布一致,对流云团最大降水量的预报准确率为61%,空报率为33%,漏报率为6%。研究成果对对流云团的监测和预报有较好的指导作用。     

湖北一次大暴雨过程两个强降水时段的诊断分析与数值模拟

根据NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、常规观测和加密观测站资料以及FY-2C TBB资料,对2008年8月28-30日湖北暴雨过程两个强降水时段的大尺度环流背景和中尺度对流系统进行诊断分析。在此基础上,利用中尺度数值模式WRF的模拟结果对影响大暴雨过程两个强降水时段的中尺度对流系统和其他物理量场深入分析。结果表明：湖北大暴雨过程存在明显的两个降水增强阶段,它们发生与结束的时间近乎一致,并且第二阶段的强降水要比第一阶段强度更大;强降水第一阶段是由低涡切变与地面暖湿气流影响造成的,强降水第二阶段是由低涡切变、中低纬短波槽和地面冷空气共同影响造成的。两个强降水时段逐小时的降水与云团特征表明,雨团与云团的活动规律一致,其增幅均出现在晚上到凌晨时段。同时表明,β中尺度对流云团与此次暴雨过程关系密切;暖切变线自南向北影响第一时段降水增幅,西南涡中伸展出的冷切变线自西向东影响第二时段降水增幅,模式结果表明由冷切变线引起的第二时段降水增幅更大;两个强降水时段雨区上空均有较强的能量,强的水汽通量辐合贯穿整个降水过程,地面降水中心与其上空湿位涡大值中心有较好的对应关系。     

Improving Precipitation Forecasts over the Global Tropical Belt

Summary  This study explores the nowcasting and short-range forecasting (up to 3 days) skills of rainfall over the tropics using a high resolution global model. Since the model-predicted rainfall is very sensitive to model parameters, four key model parameters were first selected. They are the Asselin filter coefficient, the fourth order horizontal diffusion coefficient, the surface moisture flux coefficient, and the vertical diffusion coefficient. The optimal values were defined as those which contributed to the best one day rainfall forecasts in the present study. In order to demonstrate and improve the precipitation forecast skill, several numerical experiments were designed using the 14-level Florida State University Global Spectral Model (FSUGSM) at a resolution of T106. Comparisons were also made of the short-range forecasts obtained from a control experiment subjected to normal mode initialization (NMI) versus experiments based on physical initialization (PI). The latter experiments were integrated using the original FSUGSM and a modified version. This modified FSUGSM was developed here by applying a reverse cumulus parameterization alorithm to the regular forecast model, which restructures the vertical humidity distribution and constrains the large-scale model’s moisture error growth during the model integration. An improved short-range rainfall prediction skill was achieved from the modified FSUGSM in this study. The results showed a better agreement between model-based and observed rainfall intensity and pattern. Received January 18, 1999     

Convection model for stratus cloud over a warm water surface

A numerical model is developed to simulate convective stratus cloud formation over the sea. The model is based on quasi-steady state moist plumes advecting over an area of increasing sea-surface temperature with the sea warmer than the air, but it is also a good approximation for non-steady states whenever the model is matched to air-sea temperature differences. Combining the effects of upward transfer of heat and moisture fluxes as well as adiabatic cooling, stratus cloud forms and spreads downward in this field. The depth of the convective field, the sea surface temperature gradient, the liquid water content at cloud top, and the horizontal pressure gradient are the four controlling parameters for the convective field. Alternatively, the wind speed, air-sea temperature difference, and the mixing ratio of the air, derived variables in this treatment, can be taken, with the depth, as the basic parameters.The entity type of convective model used here has the advantage that it models the transport and modification of air parcels and hence provides a method for studying drop size development in stratus clouds. It also uses relationships derived from water tank experiments with plumes and tested in dry convection and so needs no parameters specific to each situation. Its most important feature, however, is that the mean motion of plumes, rather than turbulent diffusion, transports the moisture.The upward growth and erosion of a temperature step increase to produce an inversion can be attributed to liquid water present in haze drops or cloud drops, rather than to turbulent diffusion. Radiative transfer is not a necessary requirement, but may either enhance or slow down the process.     

Modelling the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall intensity at local scale

Summary Accurate estimates of rainfall intensity distribution with high temporal and spatial resolution are necessary in most urban hydrological studies, such as planning, simulation or control of sewer networks. Traditionally, these data are obtained from intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves at sites with long rainfall intensity time-series, however, little attention is given to the spatial features of precipitation. In this paper, a mathematical model of a local scale storm that takes account of the spatial variability of rainfall and rain-cell movement is proposed. The model has been calibrated with a dense network of raingauges and a long rainfall intensity timeseries (60 years) and its parameters have been calculated for convective storms of return periods up to 15 years with their most frequently-observed rain-cell velocities (1 to 4 m/s).This work has been supported by the DGICYT, Project NAT91-0596.With 6 Figures     

单站暴雨客观预报的一种适用模型

采用滑动分区车贝雪夫多项式展开模型,研制福建省建阳市单站5～6月暴雨客观预报模型,以提高单站暴雨预报能力。模型取得了较好的结果：客观预报模型因子结构简单而天气学意义明了,具有预报准确率较高、稳定性好。各预报模型的三层形势特征都能体现出有利于暴雨生成的合理垂直配置。在2000～2002年的试用中,准确率平均比主观预报高出50％,且无漏报。在2003年的试用中无空报也无漏报。这表明该技术模型是一种能够有效提高单站暴雨客观预报能力和效果的适用模型。     

Improving the accuracy of tipping-bucket rain records using disaggregation techniques

We present a methodology able to infer the influence of rainfall measurement errors on the reliability of extreme rainfall statistics. We especially focus on systematic mechanical errors affecting the most popular rain intensity measurement instrument, namely the tipping-bucket rain-gauge (TBR). Such uncertainty strongly depends on the measured rainfall intensity (RI) with systematic underestimation of high RIs, leading to a biased estimation of extreme rain rates statistics. Furthermore, since intense rain-rates are usually recorded over short intervals in time, any possible correction strongly depends on the time resolution of the recorded data sets. We propose a simple procedure for the correction of low resolution data series after disaggregation at a suitable scale, so that the assessment of the influence of systematic errors on rainfall statistics become possible. The disaggregation procedure is applied to a 40-year long rain-depth dataset recorded at hourly resolution by using the IRP (Iterated Random Pulse) algorithm. A set of extreme statistics, commonly used in urban hydrology practice, have been extracted from simulated data and compared with the ones obtained after direct correction of a 12-year high resolution (1 min) RI series. In particular, the depth–duration–frequency curves derived from the original and corrected data sets have been compared in order to quantify the impact of non-corrected rain intensity measurements on design rainfall and the related statistical parameters. Preliminary results suggest that the IRP model, due to its skill in reproducing extreme rainfall intensities at fine resolution in time, is well suited in supporting rainfall intensity correction techniques.     

“20110730”辽宁大暴雨过程分析

利用常规气象资料、卫星云图、雷达回波、自动气象站资料和NCEP(1°×1°)再分析资料,对2011年7月30日辽宁短时大暴雨过程进行分析。结果表明：暴雨期间500 hPa高空槽与850 hPa切变线形成前倾形势,前倾槽为大暴雨的产生提供了有利的不稳定条件。此次暴雨过程的中尺度分析表明,降水时空变率大;TBB等值线密集区和上冲云顶的位置对暴雨落区有较好的指示意义;强降水时雷达回波强度达到65 dBz,且有逆风区和正负速度对出现,中小尺度强对流特征明显;地面等温线密集带与地面切变线（或中尺度低压）的共同作用触发中尺度雨团,降水强度陡增。通过涡度方程诊断切变线形成动力机制得出,当正涡度变率发展加强时,切变线向正涡度变率大值区方向移动,产生辐合动力抬升条件;散度项对低层涡度变率的贡献最大,强辐合是低层切变线生成的动力机制之一。     

华北一次暴雨过程中潜热对中尺度系统和降水影响的数值研究

针对2005年7月22日的发生于华北的暴雨中尺度对流系统,在用中尺度ARPS模式数值模拟和分析云场、动力场以及微物理过程释放的潜热垂直分布和作用特征的基础上,通过改变主要微物理过程潜热做敏感性数值试验,研究和分析了潜热对云系发展演变、云系宏观动力场、水汽场、云场和降水的影响,总结出云暖区潜热的影响途径。结果表明,在对流云团中,5000 m以上微物理过程起加热作用,以下起冷却作用。不同物理过程潜热加热的云层高度不同:高层起加热作用的主要为水汽凝结、云冰初生和雪凝华增长、霰撞冻云水过程;中层起加热/冷却作用的主要为水汽凝结、霰/雹融化过程;低层雨水的蒸发过程起冷却作用。微物理过程潜热通过影响云系和降水发展过程、云系动力场,进而影响水汽场、云场和降水。忽略霰/雹融化潜热,相当于增加云系暖区潜热,促进了低层气旋性环流的形成,增强了低层动力场的辐合,使得低层辐合区增多、增强;中低层水汽通量辐合区增多、面积扩大,明显地促进了对流云系的发展,增大了含水量和覆盖范围,云系的降水量显著增加,强降水区覆盖范围扩大。即使减少20%的凝结潜热,云系的发展也受到极大抑制,没有气旋性环流生成,低层辐合区缩小、强度降低,水汽通量辐合区也同样缩小、强度降低,云系对流发展减弱、含水量降低,因此,降水量大为减小,降水范围也显著缩小。此外,微物理过程潜热还影响到此次中尺度对流系统发展演变过程,改变了云系的形态、影响到系统的移动和系统中对流云团的发展强度和分布情况。     

Effects of convective scale downdrafts on the rainfall simulation in NCAR-CAM3

In this work, an attempt is made to systematically evaluate the effect of convective scale downdrafts on the model-simulated rainfall, in both aqua- and actual-planet frameworks, using the NCAR CAM3. From the aqua-planet simulations, it was found that there is a reduction in the total rainfall (TRF) with increase in the intensity of downdrafts, which is primarily attributed to the reduction in the deep convective component (DRF). However, with stronger downdrafts, the shallow convective and the large-scale components (SRF and LRF, respectively) are found to increase. The reduction in DRF is due to the increased evaporation of convective precipitation within the downdrafts. It is found that, with intense downdrafts, there is an increase in relative humidity throughout the troposphere, due to the combined effect of both moisture and temperature. There is an overall increase in specific humidity of the atmosphere with stronger downdrafts, excepting at around the 900-hPa level. In addition, there is a reduction in temperature throughout the troposphere, primarily due to the reduction in the overall temperature tendency due to moist processes and that due to the radiative processes. The changes in the radiative forcing are found to be primarily due to a significant increase in the low cloud fraction with strong downdrafts. In the actual-planet framework, it is seen that, with strong convective downdrafts, there is a reduction in TRF and DRF and a corresponding increase in SRF and LRF, similar to the results obtained from the aqua-planet simulations. The vertical structures of the thermodynamic variables (RH, q, and T) show similar sensitivity to the downdraft intensity as that seen in the aqua-planet framework. Sensitivity of frequency and intensity of model-simulated rainfall to the downdraft intensity was also analyzed, and it was seen that there were significant differences in the frequency distribution of rainfall. It was seen that, with an increase in downdraft intensity, there is an increase in the frequency of light rain (1–10?mm/day) for TRF with a corresponding reduction in all other rainfall bins. A similar behavior was seen for the DRF as well, while the SRF and LRF components showed an increase in rainfall accumulation in all the bins. In addition, the impact of convective downdrafts on the mean spatial pattern of rainfall is also analyzed, for the DJF and JJA periods (boreal winter and summer, respectively). For the DJF period, with strong downdrafts, it was seen that grossly over the whole domain, there were a reduction in DRF and an increase in SRF and LRF. In contrast, during JJA, although a major part of the domain showed a reduction in DRF, there were regions like western Arabian Sea and the Somali coast with increase in DRF with intense downdrafts. The SRF and LRF components, however, show a spatially homogeneous increase over almost the entire domain with increase in downdraft intensity.     

河南省对流性暴雨云系特征与概念模型

利用2005—2010年FY-2C/E和MODIS卫星资料、A0报文、自动气象站降水资料及常规观测资料,修订了河南省对流性暴雨中尺度对流系统标准,统计分析了暴雨中尺度对流系统的活动规律和降水特征,初步建立了河南省典型对流性暴雨概念模型。河南省对流性暴雨中尺度对流系统主要包括新生对流云团、β中尺度对流系统、α中尺度对流系统及带状中尺度对流系统。对流性暴雨易产生于中尺度对流系统的发生、发展期,多发于中尺度对流系统云顶亮温低中心附近及后侧梯度大值区, 云系上云光学厚度高值区为中尺度对流系统发展潜势区。低槽 (涡) 切变型和低槽型过程中干冷气团对中尺度对流系统的发生、发展起触发作用;高压后部型与午后边界层辐射增温关系密切,能量锋、边界层辐合线是中尺度对流系统的触发系统;切变型过程中干线的作用较重要。河南省对流性暴雨中尺度对流系统多发展于山区附近,移动路径有东移、东北移和东南移型,高层云导风可为中尺度对流系统的移动发展提供预报信息。     

The Application of a Meteo-hydrological Forecasting System with Rainfall Bias Correction in a Small and Medium-sized Catchment

Meteo-hydrological forecasting models are an effective way to generate high-resolution gridded rainfall data for water source research and flood forecast. The quality of rainfall data in terms of both intensity and distribution is very important for establishing a reliable meteo-hydrological forecasting model. To improve the accuracy of rainfall data, the successive correction method is introduced to correct the bias of rainfall, and a meteo-hydrological forecasting model based on WRF and WRF-Hydro is applied for streamflow forecast over the Zhanghe River catchment in China. The performance of WRF rainfall is compared with the China Meteorological Administration Multi-source Precipitation Analysis System (CMPAS), and the simulated streamflow from the model is further studied. It shows that the corrected WRF rainfall is more similar to the CMPAS in both temporal and spatial distribution than the original WRF rainfall. By contrast, the statistical metrics of the corrected WRF rainfall are better. When the corrected WRF rainfall is used to drive the WRF-Hydro model, the simulated streamflow of most events is significantly improved in both hydrographs and volume than that of using the original WRF rainfall. Among the studied events, the largest improvement of the NSE is from -0.68 to 0.67. It proves that correcting the bias of WRF rainfall with the successive correction method can greatly improve the performance of streamflow forecast. In general, the WRF / WRF-Hydro meteo-hydrological forecasting model based on the successive correction method has the potential to provide better streamflow forecast in the Zhanghe River catchment.