关中盆地水资源可持续开发利用对策研究--以渭南市为例

以关中盆地东部的渭南市为例，概述了水资源的分布特征及其开发利用现状。认为水资源开发利用中存在水资源浪费严重，重复利用率低；行政区块限制，水资源调配不够；不合理开采地下水，出现负环境效应；地下水人工调控力度不够，不能有效的促进生态环境良性循环；对地下水资源的研究、规划和管理滞后等五个方面的主要问题。针对存在的主要问题，提出了六项水资源可持续开发利用对策，包括节水对策、开源对策、改水对策、调水对策、增补对策以及管理对策。     

水资源系统管理的广义保证率与多目标模糊优化

综述了水资源系统管理可靠性研究现状,指出水资源系统管理中存在着两种不确定性——随机性和模糊性.从一般情况出发,在同时考虑随机性与模糊性的基础上,提出了广义保证率概念、定义及其分析计算方法,并用多目标模糊优选随机动态规划(MOFOSDP)模型研究了一类带广义保证率目标的水资源系统运行管理多目标优化问题.实例计算结果表明,提出的带广义保证率目标的MOFOSDP模型合理可行,优于传统方法.     

关中盆地地下水系统分析与地下水资源可持续开发利用对策

关中盆地是一个完整的、相对独立的地下水系统,按含水介质的结构组合与空间分布以及地下水循环特 征,文章将关中盆地地下水系统进一步划分为黄土台塬孔隙$C裂隙含水系统、冲积平原孔隙含水系统、秦岭山前洪 积平原孔隙含水系统、渭北岩溶含水系统及基岩裂隙含水系统共5个亚系统和26个更次一级的子系统。在研究 各子系统水文地质特征、分析水资源开发利用现状的基础上,认为区内地下水资源开发利用中存在的问题有:地下 水资源污染与浪费严重,重复利用率低;不合理开采地下水,出现负环境效应;行政区块限制,水资源宏观调配不 够;地下水人工调控力度不够,不能有效地促进生态环境良性循环;对地下水资源的研究、规划和管理滞后等方面。 并针对存在的主要问题,提出了5项水资源可持续开发利用对策,包括节水对策、开源对策、改水对策、增补对策以 及管理对策。     

海河流域二元水循环模型开发及其应用——Ⅰ.模型开发与验证

针对高强度人类活动作用下海河流域水循环的"自然-人工"二元特性,开发了流域二元水循环模型(简称"二元模型").二元模型由分布式流域水循环模型(WEP)、水资源合理配置模型(ROWAS)和多目标决策分析模型(DAMOS)3个模型耦合而成.针对各模型的优势与不足,提出了两层耦合的技术路线,以实现统筹考虑水资源、宏观经济与生态环境的流域水资源综合管理分析的功能.WEP、ROWAS和DAMOS分别采用11752个、125个和8个计算单元对海河流域进行划分,在获取各类输入参数后,应用二元模型对海河流域进行了分析计算与模型验证.结果表明,所建立的二元模型对径流过程、入海水量以及地下水流场等均具有合理的模拟精度,模型得到验证,可望用作海河流域水资源规划与管理的情景分析工具.     

陇东盆地地下水勘查现状及下一步勘查思路

陇东盆地是甘肃省重要的能源基地,水资源匮乏严重制约着经济的发展,近年来随着能源基地的建设,水资源与经济建设之间矛盾日益突出。本文分析了以往陇东盆地地下水勘查取的成果及存在的问题,分析了陇东盆地地下水的开采潜力,针对具体问题提出了下一步勘查思路,部署了具体勘查靶区。     

气候变化下水资源脆弱性的适应性管理新认识

气候变化下的水资源脆弱性和适应性管理研究成为全球和国家应对气候变化和保障水资源安全重点关注的问题,也是中国可持续发展面对的重大战略问题。介绍了水资源脆弱性和适应性管理的国内外最新研究进展;针对国家重大需求和国际科学前沿问题,综述了气候变化下水资源脆弱性和适应性管理存在的问题与挑战。提出了气候变化下水资源脆弱性与适应性管理理论与方法研究以应对气候变化的无悔为准则,与社会经济可持续发展、成本效益分析、利益相关者的多信息源的分析与综合决策相结合为原则,对适应性管理与脆弱性组成的互联互动系统及其风险与不确定性进行分析的新认识。     

虚拟水战略优势度及其评价

基于对虚拟水战略内涵以及虚拟水战略背景对我国不同区域经济社会发展影响认识上的差异,特提出虚拟水战略优势度的概念,用以量度区域虚拟水战略实施的适宜性以及虚拟水战略背景对区域经济社会生态等的影响程度.分析了虚拟水战略优势度的概念内涵及其影响因素,从水资源供给、非农水资源需求、水资源管理和农业发展4个方面构建了包含12个具体指标的综合定量评价指标体系,对我国31个省级行政区虚拟水战略优势度进行了定量评价.结果表明:我国虚拟水战略优势度存在显著的区域差异,而且,优势度等级存在"两头多,中间少"的结构特点和"东部高、西部低","南部和北部高、中间低"的带状空间分布规律.其中北方4省市和东南8省区优势度最大,是全球虚拟水战略背景对其影响最为深远的区域,也是我国虚拟水研究及虚拟水战略实践的关键区域.     

石羊河流域水资源利用现状及其持续利用对策研究

通过对石羊河流域水资源利用现状及存在问题的分析,认为流域水资源已经严重超载,进行流域综合治理已刻不容缓.针对流域面临严峻的水资源及生态环境问题,提出分抢救和治本两个阶段来解决问题,近期以抢救为重点.按照南护水源、中建绿洲、北防风沙的治理思路,实行治理上游、改造中游、拯救下游的流域综合治理,以遏制生态环境恶化的趋势为目标,以提高用水效率为核心,以流域水资源统一管理为保证,实现流域水资源的可持续利用,支撑经济社会的可持续发展,达到人与自然和谐共处.     

新疆地质环境主要问题

新疆气候干旱，降水稀少，蒸发强烈，水资源相对短缺且时空分布不均．山区、沙漠盐碱地、戈壁占地面积大，分布广泛，植被稀疏，绿洲分布有限，生态地质环境脆弱，盆地及周围地质环境破坏严重．山前平原。人类活动集中，工程建设引发的水资源失调拮竭，水质恶化，植被消减，土地荒漠化煤层自燃等问题日益突出．这些问题威胁制约着区域生态环境的良性循环，本从原生地质环境和次生地质环境及地质灾害方面，论述区域地质环境状况，阐明地质环境中存在的主要问题及其灾害，提出综合防治措施。     

保定市水资源可持续发展管理探析

水资源的安全管理,能够有效促进水资源的可持续发展。对水资源可持续发展管理问题的研究,主要目的是水资源管理对水资源的可持续发展具有积极的促进作用。本文通过对水资源应用现状和水资源管理中存在水资源安全意识欠缺、水资源管理机制不全面等问题进行分析探讨,针对存在问题提出普及水资源管理意识、健全水资源管理机制、加强管理资金的投入、健全防洪体系等对策措施。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861