镍铜硫化物矿石中磁黄铁矿固溶体的退火及其选矿意义

磁黄铁矿固治体从硫化物熔体结晶后，在缓慢冷却过程中经历了显著的退火。出治和出治体的租化是固治体退火的两种方式。叶片状的单斜磁黄铁矿和“火焰状”的镍黄铁矿原始出治相在降温过程中均可发生退火和租化。分布于磁黄铁矿等矿物粒间或包于磁黄铁矿粒内的粒状镍黄铁矿，不只是高温出治的直接产物，有一部分可能是由火焰状出治体租化而成的。磁黄铁矿中单斜变体的出治和租化可使矿石的磁性发生改变，镍黄铁矿出治体的租化使含镍矿物的粒度加大。因而，退火作用对矿石的选矿工艺性能有着显著影响。     

氧化钴矿石中钴镍铜的萃取分离研究

研究了氧化钴矿石浸出液中Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ和Ｃｕ的萃取分离,探讨了不同萃取剂对上述元素萃取的影响因素,浸取液用Ｌｉｘ９８４、三癸基甲基氯化锓和正辛酸分别萃取Ｃｕ、Ｃｏ和Ｎｉ,萃取率分别为９９．４％、９８．６％和９８．１％,适用于氧化矿石中Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ和Ｃｕ的萃取分离。     

安徽省马山矿区硫化物矿石中黄铁矿与磁铁矿的后成合晶

在安徽省马山矿区的硫化物矿石中,黄铁矿与磁铁矿呈后成合晶交代磁黄铁矿的结构,是成矿系统物理化学条件向磁黄铁矿-黄铁矿-磁铁矿三相点演化的产物。系统经过三相点的几率甚小,因而这种结构在矿石中十分少见。     

含方黄铜矿-磁黄铁矿铜硫铁矿的分离工艺

土耳其某铜硫铁矿,其原有的生产流程为硫化矿混浮—铜硫分离—浮选尾矿磁选回收磁铁矿工艺,因其生产的铜精矿品位过低而开展了新分离试验研究。本分离研究在原矿工艺矿物学研究基础上,对可能影响选矿指标的因素进行了分析。研究过程发现,该原矿中具有强磁性的方黄铜矿及单斜磁黄铁矿的存在是影响选矿指标的最大因素。分离研究在合理的药剂制度上最终确定了硫化矿混浮—硫化矿精矿磁选分离—磁选精矿及尾矿分别进行铜硫分离—混浮尾矿磁选回收磁铁矿工艺。新工艺可获得达入冶标准的铜精矿、硫精矿、铁精矿,极大地提高了原矿的产出价值。     

蛇纹石/黄铁矿浮选分离中流体力场的作用

通过浮选、沉降、吸附量试验及显微镜观测,研究了流体力场对黄铁矿与蛇纹石浮选分离的影响,并对其机理进行了分析。结果表明,微细粒蛇纹石能够通过异相凝聚作用附着在粗颗粒黄铁矿表面,改变黄铁矿的表观性质,影响黄铁矿的浮选。高强度搅拌产生的流体力场能够脱附黄铁矿表面附着的蛇纹石矿泥,提高捕收剂戊黄药在黄铁矿表面的吸附量,从而提高被蛇纹石抑制的黄铁矿的浮选回收率。流体力场的强度越强,作用时间越长,黄铁矿表面戊黄药的吸附量越高,黄铁矿浮选回收率越高。     

金川铜镍硫化物精矿中有价金属分离实验研究

本文以金川铜镍硫化物精矿为研究对象,对比研究了A.f.菌浸出与硫酸酸溶浸出对铜镍硫化物精矿中有价金属Co、Ni和Cu的提取效果。为了进一步优化硫化物精矿中有价金属Co、Ni和Cu浸出效果,考察了微生物-硫酸浸出与硫酸-微生物浸出对精矿中Co、Ni和Cu提取的影响。结果表明:Co2+、Ni2+、Cu2+微生物-硫酸浸出率可分别达到85.05%、98.32%和95.31%。微生物-硫酸浸出加速了硫化物矿物的溶解,促进了硫化物矿物中有价金属Co、Ni、Cu的浸出,大大提高了有价金属Co2+、Ni2+、Cu2+的浸出率。     

矿石中铜钴镍的消解方法比对

从实验结果看出,实验采用盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸酸溶及过氧化钠碱熔分解样品结果大部分元素无显著性差别,建议日常分析采用盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸分解样品即可,溶液用原子吸收测量。     

湘黔地区下寒武统黑色岩系中镍-钼矿床黄铁矿的成因

重点研究了贵州遵义中南村和湖南张家界三岔镍-钼多金属矿床的黄铁矿,矿床成因为热水喷流沉积型。黄铁矿样品S/Fe比值的平均值为2.0093~2.048,成分特征均属于铁亏损型,说明其形成温度低。Co/Ni变化范围为0.077~4.5,均值为2.197,据Co/Ni的比值可以判断本区的黄铁矿主要为热液成因,矿化物质来源为热水喷流体系内的热液。成分图解标型显示,黑色岩系中高ω(Co+Ni)/ω(Fe)的黄铁矿和高ω(As+Se+Te)/ω(S)的黄铁矿均大量出现,可能与热水喷流沉积的温差变化范围较大有关,而并非正常沉积的产物。S/Se比值为950.8~1059.9,说明生成环境均一程度较高,而且海水温度比较高。由中南村镍-钼矿床的Se/Te值也能判明其为热液成因。关于黄铁矿的研究对本区镍-钼矿床的寻找有重要意义。     

湘黔地区下寒武统黑色岩系中镍-钼矿床黄铁矿的成因

重点研究了贵州遵义中南村和湖南张家界三岔镍-钼多金属矿床的黄铁矿,矿床成因为热水喷流沉积型。黄铁矿样品S/Fe比值的平均值为2.0093~2.048,成分特征均属于铁亏损型,说明其形成温度低。Co/Ni变化范围为0.077~4.5,均值为2.197,据Co/Ni的比值可以判断本区的黄铁矿主要为热液成因,矿化物质来源为热水喷流体系内的热液。成分图解标型显示,黑色岩系中高ω(Co+Ni)/ω(Fe)的黄铁矿和高ω(As+Se+Te)/ω(S)的黄铁矿均大量出现,可能与热水喷流沉积的温差变化范围较大有关,而并非正常沉积的产物。S/Se比值为950.8~1059.9,说明生成环境均一程度较高,而且海水温度比较高。由中南村镍-钼矿床的Se/Te值也能判明其为热液成因。关于黄铁矿的研究对本区镍-钼矿床的寻找有重要意义。     

浅成火山岩中石英斑晶的分离方法研究

在总结大量矿物分选的实践基础上,系统研究了用混合重液法分离石英斑晶的理论和操作方法及用折光率法间接测量混合重液的技术.发现了用折光率值为1.577~1.579的系列混合重液分离石英斑晶效果最好,分离纯度达到95%~98%,解决了从浅成火山岩中分选单晶石英的难题,极大地提高了石英的分离效率、纯度和回收率,从过去石英的富集率20茗提高到95%~98%,从人工挑选的几克增至几百克,可从挑选的40~80目扩大到120目.     

Chemometric Analysis of Mid-Wave Infrared Spectral Reflectance Data for Sulphide Ore Discrimination

Despite significant recent advancements in the sensor technologies, the use of sensors for raw material characterization in the mining industry remains limited. The aim of the present study was to assess the utility of applying the mid-wave infrared (MWIR) reflectance data acquired by the use of a handheld Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), combined with partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), for the characterization of a polymetallic sulphide ore deposit. In achieving the study objectives, focus was given to the MWIR portion of the FTIR dataset, as it is the least explored region of the infrared spectrum in mineral characterization studies. Three datasets—covering different wavelength ranges—were generated from the FTIR spectral data, namely the full FTIR range (2.5–15 µm), MWIR (2.5–7 µm) and long-wave infrared (LWIR: 7–15 µm), in order to investigate the associated information level of each defined wavelength region separately. Design of experiment was developed to determine the optimal data filtering techniques. Using the processed data and PLS-DA, a series of calibration and prediction models were developed for ore and waste materials separately. As the models applied to the MWIR data showed a successful classification rate of 86.3% for sulphide ore–waste discrimination, similarly using the full spectral FTIR dataset, a correct classification rate of 89.5% was achieved. This indicates that MWIR spectral range includes informative signals that are sufficient for classifying the material into ore or waste. The proposed approach could be extended for automating the sulphide ore–waste discrimination process, thus greatly benefiting marginally economical mining operations.

     

A Genetic Model for Ore Magma of the Chibaisong Copper-Nickel Sulphide Deposit, Jilin

In the early 1980's, the author proposed his view that copper-nickel sulphide deposts are of ore magma origin. For more than ten years, this view has aroused attention of his colleagues at home and abroad. In this paper an attempt is made to deal with the genetic model for ore magma of copper-nickel sulphide deposits in more details on the basis of geological, geochemical, petrophysico - chemical and thermodynamic studies of the Chibaisong copper-nickel sulphide deposit in the Changbai Mountains, Jilin province.     

Ore Group Classification - A Case Study from Ingaldhal Sulphide Deposit, Karnataka Craton, India

All varieties of base metal sulphide deposits may be classified using base metal ratios viz. Copper Ratio (CR=100Cu/{Cu+Zn}), Zinc Ratio (ZR=100Zn/{Zn+Pb}) and Lead Ratio (PR=100Pb/{Pb+Cu}). Based on this ore group classification an attempt has been made to identify ore groups present in the late Archaean volcanic associated Ingaldhal Sulphide Deposit (ISD) of Karnataka Craton. Using base metal ratios (CR, ZR and PR) five distinct fields are suggested: Cu, Cu-Zn, Cu-Zn-Pb, Zn-Cu and Zn-Cu-Pb/Zn-Pb-Cu with their associated geological and geochemical characteristics. A transitional change in the ore groups is observed from the North Block (Cu rich groups; CR>50) to South Block (Zn and Pb dominated groups; CR<50) and the Main Block is represented by all the five ore groups.This classification may be useful as a pointer in the exploration of polymetallic base metal deposits. Copper rich groups (Cu, Cu-Zn and Cu-Zn-Pb) exhibit high concentration of Bi and Co, and low CaO and Cd whereas the Zn rich groups (Zn-Cu and Zn-Cu-Pb/Zn-Pb-Cu) show high CaO and Cd, and low Bi and Co. The CR of most of the ore groups exhibit a sympathetic relation with Co and Ag. A preliminary attempt has been made for better understanding of ore group genesis of ISD by integrating ore group characteristics with deduced geothermometry.     

Re-Os Age of Cu-Ni Ores from the Huangshandong Cu-Ni Sulfide Deposit in the East Tianshan Mountains and Its Implication for Geodynamic Processes

An isochron age of 282±20 (95% conf. limit) Ma of the sulfide ores in the Huangshandong Cu-Ni sulfide deposit, the East Tianshan Mountains has been obtained through Re-Os isotopic measurement. The age implies that the Cu-Ni sulfide deposit and other related deposits in the same area occurred in a Permian extensional environment of post-collision instead of Devonian-Early Carboniferous ophiolite-related oceanic or island arc environments inferred before. It shares the same ages with the orogenic and epithermal gold deposit systems in the same area. An initial 187Os/188Os ratio of 0.25±0.04 (1σ) and a γos value of 99 on average display the participation of large quantities of crustal components into the rock-forming and ore-forming system during mineralization and magmatic emplacement.     

白山地区难选金矿石新方法选金试验研究

研究分析对比了不同类型选金矿石的特点，采用复合处理剂湿法预处理－提金新方法使吉林白山地区微细浸染型难选金矿石选金回收率由27％－57％提高到92％以上。     

云南金平白马寨铜镍(铂族)矿床地质特征、Ar-Ar定年及矿床成因研究

白马寨镍铜(铂族)硫化物矿床赋存于二叠纪峨眉山大火成岩省内的基性-超基性侵入岩体之中。矿床地质特征表明矿床可能遭受了二叠纪后的区域构造及热事件的改造作用,这些特征主要有:含矿岩体中部分硫化物与热液蚀变矿物如黑云母、蚀变成因角闪石和绿泥石等紧密共生;硫化矿石相对富集Cu、Pd和Au;含矿岩石的Ar-Ar法同位素坪年龄值为160～170Ma,晚于峨眉山大火成岩省的年龄等。本文提出了两种可能的改造成矿模式:①后期热液沿变形的块状硫化矿的角砾化边缘带入,对原生矿石、岩石产生改造作用形成新的硫化物;②块状-浸染状原生矿石产生变形时,热液流体优先渗入到浸染状矿石中,从而对原生矿石产生改造作用。     

低品位氧化锌矿硫化-胺法分选试验

随着大量易选硫化锌矿资源的不断消耗,细粒难选低品位氧化锌矿逐渐成为重要原料。本文针对云南兰坪大量低品位氧化锌矿石,其含锌6.52%,锌的氧化率94.62%,采用硫化-胺法浮选工艺流程,研究了磨矿细度、药剂种类、药剂用量等因素对锌浮选过程的影响。在磨矿细度为-0.074mm 90%时采用一次粗选两次扫选三次精选的闭路流程,获得锌精矿产率9.70%,Zn品位44.09%,Zn回收率66.35%较好指标。本研究对我国低品位氧化锌矿资源的开发利用具有重要借鉴意义。     

Magma Mixing as a Trigger for Sulphide Saturation in the UG2 Chromitite (Bushveld): Evidence from the Silicate and Sulphide Melt Inclusions in Chromite

It is of great importance to understand the origin of UG2 chromitite reefs and reasons why some chromitite reefs contain relatively high contents of platinum group elements(PGEs: Os, Ir, Ru, Rh,Pt, Pd) or highly siderophile elements(HSEs: Au, Re, PGE). This paper documents sulphide-silicate assemblages enclosed in chromite grains from the UG2 chromitite. These are formed as a result of crystallisation of sulphide and silicate melts that are trapped during chromite crystallisation. The inclusions display negative crystal shapes ranging from several micrometres to 100 μm in size.Interstitial sulphide assemblages lack pyrrhotite and consist of chalcopyrite, pentlandite and some pyrite. The electron microprobe data of these sulphides show that the pentlandite grains present in some of the sulphide inclusions have a significantly higher iron(Fe) and lower nickel(Ni) content than the pentlandite in the rock matrix. Pyrite and chalcopyrite show no difference. The contrast in composition between inter-cumulus plagioclase(An_(68)) and plagioclase enclosed in chromite(An_(13)), as well as the presence of quartz, is consistent with the existence of a felsic melt at the time of chromite saturation.Detailed studies of HSE distribution in the sulphides and chromite were conducted by LA-ICP-MS(laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry), which showed the following.(Ⅰ) Chromite contained no detectable HSE in solid solution.(Ⅱ) HSE distribution in sulphide assemblages interstitial to chromite was variable. In general, Pd, Rh, Ru and Ir occurred dominantly in pentlandite, whereas Os,Pt and Au were detected only in matrix sulphide grains and were clearly associated with Bi and Te.(Ⅲ)In the sulphide inclusions,(a) pyrrhotite did not contain any significant amount of HSE,(b) chalcopyrite contained only some Rh compared to the other sulphides,(c) pentlandite was the main host for Pd,(d)pyrite contained most of the Ru, Os, Ir and Re,(e) Pt and Rh were closely associated with Bi forming a continuous rim between pyrite and pentlandite and(f) no Au was detected. These results show that the use of ArF excimer laser to produce high-resolution trace element maps provides information that cannot be obtained by conventional(spot) LA-ICP-MS analysis or trace element maps that use relatively large beam diameters.     

Sulphide ooids from the proterozoic Siyeh Formation of Alberta,Canada

Sulphide ooids from 0.5 to 4 mm in diameter occur over a large area in a thin arenite bed near the base of the Proterozoic Siyeh Formation in southwestern Alberta. Examination by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, and electron microprobe, reveals that the ooids are composed of concentric layers, a few micrometers to a few tens of micrometers thick, of pyrite and chalcopyrite. Covellite is also present in several ooids. Copper sulphides are more abundant towards the centre of the ooids than in the outer shells where pyrite is predominant. A slightly eccentric nucleus of chalcopyrite and/or titanium oxide occurs in several ooids. It is speculated that the ooids grew during early diagenesis of the arenite, and that the source of metals were black argillaceous sediments above and below the arenite. The nucleation of sulphides around detrital grains of chalcopyrite and titanium oxide has an important bearing on metallogenetic models of stratiform copper deposits.