云南禄丰中侏罗世弓鲛（软骨鱼类）化石新材料

后句弓鲛(Hybodus houtienensis Young 1941)是中国发现最早的弓鲛鱼类之一,由杨钟健建立。由于建种的化石材料均为破碎的鳍棘,因此与其他弓鲛鱼类难以进行较全面的对比。本文依据在禄丰川街盆地发现的新化石材料,对后甸弓鲛进行再研究,补充了描述、修订了其特征,并讨论了弓鲛属的生物地层和地理分布特征。     

The geology of the Llanuwchllyn to Llanymawddwy area,south gwynedd,north wales

A geological map of the Caradoc rocks of the Llanuwchllyn to Llanymawddwy area is presented and the geology of the area described in detail. Hitherto unrecorded outcrops provide important stratigraphical evidence which is used to redraw the Caradoc-Ashgill Series boundary and many of the formational boundaries within the Caradoc Series. The stratigraphy of the area is revised to conform with the standard classification of the Caradoc Series in the Bala region. The only modifications are as follows: the Llaethnant Siltstone is proposed as a formational name for a group of beds which are broadly equivalent to the Glyn Gower Formation but which represent a distinct facies. The greater part of the Nod Glas Formation north of Dinas Mawddwy is shown to be laterally equivalent to the upper part of the Gelli-grin Formation; it is also subdivided into two members, the Dyfi Mudstone and the Corris Shale, differentiated on lithological and faunal grounds. The stratigraphy of the Dinas Mawddwy area is also amended. Faunal elements (genera) new to the Caradoc Series of this area, and to Wales, are noted.     

The Dinantian biostratigraphy of a deep borehold near Eyam,Derbyshire

Detailed micropalaeontological analysis of the Eyam Borehole is presented. Dinantian strata of Upper Tournaisian to ‘middle’ Brigantian age have been recognized lying unconformably on top of Ordovi-cian (?Llanvirn) basement beds (Dunham 1973). The early Tournaisian and late Brigantian beds are missing probably due to non deposition and erosion respectively. Throughout the Dinantian a shallow shelf environment is represented by a thick series of anhydrites and dolomites in the Upper Tournaisian. The new name Middleton Dale Anhydrite Series is proposed for these lowest Dinantian beds. The chronostratigraphy erected is compared with that outlined for Eyam by Dunham (1973) and for the Woo Dale Borehole by Strank (in press).     

“四川运动”之否定

“四川运动"的由来“四川运动”一名,为谭锡畴、李春昱1929-1931年在四川及原西康进行地质调查时所拟,其调查报告《四川西康地质志》文字部分于1959年出版,在这之前,李春昱等(1943,1948)”、侯德封等(1945)已引用了这一名称,但正式命名和论述是在1950年。     

中国奥陶系和下志留统下部年代地层单位的划分

十多年来全球和我国奥陶系和下志留统下部年代地层研究取得很大进展 ,在前人所积累的大量成果和资料的基础上 ,结合近年来的研究 ,厘定了我国奥陶系和下志留统下部年代地层单位系统 ,建议分别以吉林浑江大阳岔 (或江西武宁或湖北宜昌黄花场 )、湖北宜昌黄花场、浙江常山黄泥塘、新疆柯坪大湾沟和湖北远安苟家垭剖面为界线层型 ,将中国奥陶系自下而上划分为 :新厂阶 (或特马豆克阶 )、道保湾阶、大湾阶、达瑞维尔阶、艾家山阶和钱塘江阶。为了客观反应我国奥陶系的特点 ,同时便于与全球年代地层单位界线对比 ,建议将上述各个阶底界的的界线依次划在 R.taojiangensis( =R.praeparabola) / H .simplex、 O.communis、 B.triangularis/ T.laevis、 U.austrodentatus、 N .gracilis和 N ankinolithus带的底部 ;中下奥陶统和中上奥陶统之间的界线分别定在道保湾阶 /大湾阶和达瑞维尔阶 /艾家山阶之间。建议下志留统最下部两个年代地层单位——龙马溪阶和大中坝阶——以湖北宜昌王家湾剖面为界线层型 ,分别以 A.ascensus和 D .triangulatus的首现为划分标志。对每一个阶的命名、含义、界线层型剖面的岩性特征、界线划分的生物标志、与全球相关年代地层单位层型和点 ( GSSP)的对比 ,以及与过去曾经建议或使用过?     

云南禄丰地区首次发现晚侏罗世早期轮藻化石组合

近年来云南禄丰地区在地层学方面有两项重要的进展：①川街盆地不仅具有“禄丰晰龙动物群”, 在其上部还相继发现了中侏罗世“川街龙动物群”和相当晚侏罗世的恐龙化石;②按照国际地层规范,厘定并新建了一套侏罗纪岩石地层单位。新近又在前人称之为“上禄丰组”下部（川街组）及“酒红层”（麻地山组）中分别鉴定出中侏罗世轮藻组合Aclistochara maanshanensis-Aclistochara abshirira-Aclistochara karierica和晚侏罗世早期轮组合Aclistochara jaisalmerensis-Aclistochara karierica-Mesochara voluta。这一晚株罗世早期轮藻化石组合在中国属首次发现。     

云南中部侏罗系研究新进展

依据禄丰县川街剖面修订了昆明小区曾经使用半个多世纪的上、下禄丰系(群、组)岩石地层单位，厘定并重新命名了禄丰组(包括沙湾段和张家坳段)，新建川街组、老罗村组、麻地山组，沿用安宁组，首次在禄丰区域内划分出上侏罗统。结合各组产出的化石，建立起侏罗纪早、中、晚3套脊椎动物群序列。进一步的考察研究又确认出昆明小区存在上三叠统舍资组和侏罗系的连续沉积。通过对比，确定昆明小区中侏罗统川街组底部和上侏罗统安宁组顶部，缺失楚雄小区张河组下部“绿砂岩段”和妥甸组上部“黄色泥岩段”。首次发现晚侏罗世妥甸组昆虫化石，昆虫化石的类型和叶肢介等门类化石有别于北方动物群。依据这些研究成果提出康滇地层分区侏罗系对比方案。     

Andesites from northeastern Kanaga Island,Aleutians

Kanaga island is located in the central Aleutian island arc. Northeastern Kanaga is a currently active late Tertiary to Recent calc-alkaline volcanic complex. Basaltic andesite to andesite lavas record three episodes (series) of volcanic activity. Series I and Series II lavas are all andesite while Series III lavas are basaltic andesite to andesite. Four Series II andesites contain abundant quenched magmatic inclusions ranging in composition from high-MgO low-alumina basalt to low-MgO highalumina basalt. The spectrum of lava compositions is due primarily to fractional crystallization of a parental low-MgO high-alumina basalt but with variable degrees of crustal contamination and magma mixing. The earliest Series I lavas represent mixing between high-alumina basalt and silicic andesite with maximum SiO₂ contents of 65–67 wt %. Later Series I and all Series II lavas are due to mixing of andesite magmas of similar composition. The maximum SiO₂ content of the pre-mixed andesites magmas is estimated at 60–63 wt %. The youngest lavas (Series III) are all non-mixed and have maximum estimated SiO₂ contents of 59 wt %. The earliest Series I lavas contain a significant crustal component while all later lavas do not. It is concluded that the maximum SiO₂ contents of silicic magmas, the contribution of crustal material to silicic magma generation, and the role of magma mixing all decrease with time. Furthermore, silicic magmas generated by fractional crystallization at this volcanic center have a maximum SiO₂ content of 63 wt %. All of these features have also been documented at the central Aleutian Cold Bay Volcanic Center (Brophy 1987). Based on data from these two centers a model of Aleutian calc-alkaline magma chamber development is proposed. The main features are: (1) a single low pressure magma chamber is continuously supplied by primitive low-alumina basalt; (2) non-primary high-alumina basalt is formed along the chamber margins by selective gravitational settling of olivine and clinopyroxene and retention of plagioclase; (3) sidewall crystallization accompanied by crustal melting produces buoyant silicic (>63 wt % SiO₂) liquids that pond at the top of the chamber, and; (4) continued sidewall crystallization, now isolated from the chamber wall, produces silicic liquids with 63 wt % SiO₂ that increase the thickness and lowers the overall SiO₂ content of the upper silicic zone. It is suggested that the maximum SiO₂ content of 63% imposed on fractionation-generated magmas is due to a rheological barrier that prohibits the extraction of more silicic liquids from a crystal-liquid mush along the chamber wall.     

Hydrological modeling of typhoon-induced extreme storm runoffs from Shihmen watershed to reservoir, Taiwan

Typhoon-induced extreme storm runoffs often cause flood hazards. In this study, a hydrological model (HEC-HMS) was applied to Shihmen watershed located in Taiwan. Three typhoon-induced storm events, with return period ranging from 1 to 90 years, were used in case studies to characterize storm runoff. With a 5-year storm for model calibration, model parameters were carefully calibrated through the comparison between model simulated and observed flows at a stream gage station. The calibrated model was then verified for a 90-year storm and a 1-year storm event. Results indicate that the calibrated and verified HEC-HMS hydrological model is capable of providing satisfactory predictions of the typhoon-induced extreme storm runoff to support reservoir operation and flood hazard mitigation. Based on model simulations, typhoon-induced water table increases for different initial water volumes at Shihmen Reservoir was derived by adding storm-runoff volume to the reservoir’s initial elevation-volume rating curve. Water tables above the top elevation of the dam in the reservoir indicate the need for immediate water releases to avoid the risk of overflow over the dam.     

云南下侏罗统禄丰组恐龙足迹的发现和张北足迹属新观察

记述了云南省禄丰县腰站乡下侏罗统禄丰组2个恐龙足迹,命名了棋盘张北足迹（Changpeipus pareschequier ichnosp. nov.）一新种。这是在禄丰组中首次发现恐龙足迹化石,重新观察并修订了张北足迹一属的属征。滦平张北足迹（Changpeipus luanpingeris）应为石炭张北足迹（Changpeipus carbonicus）的亚成年个体,为同物异名。此前被认为是石炭张北足迹（Changpeipus carbonicus）前足迹的IVPP V2472 2a,应为其未成年体的后足迹。张北足迹与卡岩塔足迹（Kayentapus）类似。综合种种特征,棋盘张北足迹（新种）的造迹恐龙很可能为禄丰组的腔骨龙类（Coelophysoidea）     

滇中鱼坝村组的建立及陆相侏罗系底界

滇中及相邻地区上三叠统舍资组含煤层与下侏罗统冯家河组红层之间，连续沉积了一套杂色细碎屑岩过渡层。其分布稳定，该层所含化石及磁性地层特征表明其时代属早侏罗世。因此建立下侏罗统鱼坝村组，并确定该组底界为陆相侏罗系的底界。     

热河生物群爬行类化石Monjurosuchus splendens中文译名讨论及其属种分类位置研究简史

Monjurosuchus splendens是辽宁西部热河生物群中最早被正式命名的爬行类化石,该属种名称在最初以英文发表的论文中并没有明确其含义,导致它的中文称谓有"文珠龙"(属名)、"荣耀满洲鳄"、"楔齿满洲鳄"等几种说法.本文认为属名(Monjurosuchus)应尊重最初命名者论文中的日文摘要表述的含义,称之为...     

Modeling hydrothermal, suspended solids transport and residence time in a deep reservoir

This article presents the modeling of hydrothermal characteristics and suspended solids in a long and large-volume reservoir with a highly fluctuating water level. A laterally averaged two-dimensional hydrothermal and water quality model was configured for the Shihmen Reservoir in northern Taiwan. The model was validated with measured data of water surface elevation, water temperature, and concentration of suspended solids in 2006. The results show that the numerical model was able to reproduce the measured data. The validated model was then used to investigate the effects of water withdrawal schemes at different depths and to estimate the residence time in the reservoir. When water is withdrawn from a great depth, the relatively warm water from the upper layers can replace that in the deep layers, thereby facilitating heat transfer from the surface to the deeper layer. Bottom-water withdrawal results in a lower concentration of suspended solids compared with withdrawal from depths of 20 and 40 m. The simulated results show that the residence time is approximately 154 days in the Shihmen Reservoir.     

Interaction between Continental Lithosphere and the Iceland Plume--Sr-Nd-Pb Isotope Geochemistry of Tertiary Basalts, NE Greenland

Volcanic rocks associated with Atlantic opening in northerneast Greenland (73–76N) form a 1-km thickness of basalticlavas located on the coast some 400 km north of the major basaltaccumulations of the Blosseville Coast (<70N). The LowerLava Series, which makes up the lower half of the sequence atHold with Hope and all of that at Wollaston Forland, is composedof homogeneous quartz tholeiites (5–8% MgO). These aremildly light rare earth element (LREE) enriched (La/Yb_N 2.060.45,1 S.D.) and show strong chemical and Pb-Nd-Sr isotopic similaritiesto Icelandic tholeiites. They are distinguished from Atlanticmid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) in having less radiogenic Pb andNd, higher 8/4 and lower 7/4, and depletion in K and Rb relativeto other incompatible elements, and show no evidence of a MORBasthenosphere component in their source. A single nephelinitein the Lower Series has essentially similar isotopic characteristicsand K, Rb depletion. The tholeiites were derived from the hothead of the Iceland plume, which had spread laterally withinthe upper mantle, and represent large melt fractions (15–20%)from spinel-facies mantle combined with small melt fractions(2.2%) from the garnet facies. Pb isotopic data indicate thatthe Iceland plume contains no MORB asthenospheric component,and is therefore most unlikely to arise from enriched streaksin the convecting upper mantle. The K, Rb depletion is sharedwith the HIMU ocean islands, and suggests a similar origin forthe Iceland plume in subduction-processed oceanic crust. Therelatively low ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios, and near-MORB Sr-Nd isotopes,suggest that Iceland overlies an immature HIMU plume. The conformably overlying upper half of the Hold with Hope sequence(the Upper Lava Series) is extremely heterogeneous, being mainlyolivine and quartz tholeiites (4.5–9.5% MgO in inferredmelt compositions, and up to 27% in accumulative lavas), withoccasional undersaturated compositions. The latter are concentratednear the base of the Upper Series, and are associated with stronglyincompatible-element-enriched tholeiites. These enriched sampleshave La/Yb_N from 7.3 to 28.5, with most tholeiites 13, and theundersaturated rocks >23. They are isotopically heterogeneous,with a basanite resembling Icelandic compositions, and an alkalibasalt having much less radiogenic Pb and Nd. The bulk of theUpper Series tholeiites has a limited La/Yb_N range (4.7–7.3)but a wide range in isotope ratios, from almost Icelandic valuesto ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr₅₀=0.7100, ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb₅₀=18.7, and ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd₅₀=0.51247.This isotopic range is well correlated with SiO₂, Ce/Pb, andK/Nb, in a manner suggesting crustal assimilation-fractionalcrystallization (AFC) relationships. The mantle-derived end-memberof the Upper Series is displaced to slightly less radiogenicNd than the Lower Series samples, perhaps through mixing witha small component from the subcontinental lithospheric mantle.A larger proportion of this melt was derived from garnet-faciesmantle than for Lower Series samples, and melt fractions weresmaller in both garnet and spinel stability fields. As isotopic compositions similar to those of Icelandic lavasare found in each of the three stratigraphic groups (Lower Series,basal enriched Upper Series, and normal Upper Series tholeiites),the Upper Series were derived from this mixed source, but stillhad a very dominant plume isotopic signature. The continuedpresence of a lithospheric ‘lid’ is indicated bythe smaller melt fractions in both garnet and spinel facies(0.01 and 0.1, respectively) than those responsible for theLower Series lavas. The thicker crust in the region allowedstagnation of the magmas in the plumbing system of a centralvolcano and consequent extensive accumulation, fractionation,and assimilation of crustal rocks.     

海南岛保亭地区南好组的地质时代

海南岛保亭地区南好组选层型剖面新发现腹足类 H ormotoma、 Raphistomina ,腕足类 Ferganella?、Xinanospirif er ?、 strophomenids,竹节石 Tentaculites?和珊瑚 Favosites?等化石 ,表明其时代属志留纪而非早石炭世。以往报道该地区南好组的 Tenticospirif er、 Ptychomaletoechia等腕足类化石应为晚泥盆世 ,而非早石炭世。岛北部含有典型的早石炭世早期化石的岩关阶以碳酸盐岩及细碎屑岩交互成层为特征 ,与保亭地区南好组层型剖面岩性迥异 ,不宜用南好组表示 ,应另建新的组名。     

南海北部珠江口盆地珠一坳陷西江凹陷与陆丰凹陷差异裂陷过程定量分析

西江凹陷和陆丰凹陷均位于南海北部珠江口盆地珠一坳陷,前者盆地结构为两条NE向铲式边界断层控制的近对称地堑,后者表现为6条弯曲主干断层控制的“两洼夹一隆”构造格局。文章运用三维地震资料,在盆地结构、断裂系统描述的基础上,选取了两个凹陷共8条地震—地质剖面进行平衡剖面恢复,计算两幕裂陷阶段盆地伸展量、拆离深度等定量参数,并据此分析二者差异裂陷演化过程及与区域构造演化之间的联系。两个凹陷在新生代均经历裂陷一幕、二幕以及裂后拗陷阶段,其中每幕裂陷又可细分为早、晚两个亚幕。西江和陆丰凹陷的裂陷演化具有时空差异性。从裂陷一幕到二幕,二者伸展量都具有随时间减小的一般特征,其中西江凹陷的伸展量随时间持续减小,在裂陷二幕晚期仍具有较大伸展量,而陆丰凹陷在裂陷二幕早期伸展量略有升高,但在晚期伸展量急剧减小,其减弱程度远大于西江凹陷。两个凹陷的拆离深度都具有随时间逐渐加深的特征。在裂陷一幕早、晚亚幕,陆丰凹陷的拆离深度略大于西江凹陷。在裂陷二幕早、晚亚幕,西江凹陷的平均拆离深度由约8 km增长至9 km左右,而陆丰凹陷的平均拆离深度由约8 km跳跃式增长至约35 km。盆地的几何结构、断裂系统以及伸展量和拆离深度变化特征均反映陆丰凹陷在裂陷二幕晚期受热沉降作用或提前结束裂陷阶段,而西江凹陷在裂陷二幕之后结束裂陷作用。研究区的裂陷阶段自东向西逐渐结束可能受控于东北次海盆的扩张及南海的自东向西渐进式扩张。区域板块构造演化提供了珠江口盆地沿其轴向向SW方向伸展作用增强的差异伸展环境。该研究所揭示的盆地裂陷演化差异性对认识珠江口盆地的裂陷时限的时空分布和差异裂陷演化都具有重要的意义,也对认识南海北部大陆边缘裂陷过程提供重要的定量数据约束。     

A New Theropod Dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Lufeng, Yunnan, China

A new theropod dinosaur,Shidaisaurusjinae gen.et sp.nov.,has been described on the basis of an incomplete skeleton.The specimen was found near the base of the Upper Lufeng Formation(early Middle Jurassic)in Yunnan,China.It is the first theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Yunnan.Shidaisaurus jinae is distinguishable from other Jurassic theropods by certain features from the braincase,axis,and pelvic girdle.The absence of any pleurocoels in the axis or in any anterior dorsal vertebrae suggests that the new Lufeng theropod is relatively primitive and more plesiomorphic than most of the Middle to Late Jurassic theropods from China.Most Chinese taxa of Jurassic theropod dinosaurs have not been well described;a further detailed study will be necessary for us to determine their phylogenetic relationships with Shidaisaurus jinae.     

The evolution of two petrogenesis-mineralization series of granites in Southern China

In this paper, the authors have proposed two distinct series of petrogenesis and mineralization: Series I and Series II. Series I (the Nanling Series) has a sequence of petrogenesis and mineralization: monzonitic granite or granodiorite → biotite granite → leuco-granite → granoporphyry or quartz porphyry → intermediate-basic dikes; REE → Nb, Ta (Li, Rb, Cs), Be, Sn, W, Mo, Bi, As → Cu, Zn, Pb → Sb, Hg, U. Series II (the Yangtze Series): Pyroxene diorite (or gabbro) → diorite or quartz diorite → granodiorite (quartz monzonite or monzonitic granite → granite → K-feldspar granite → granoporphyry or quartz porphyry (syenitic porphyry or quartz syenitic porphyry) → intermediate-basic dikes; Fe → Cu(Au) → Mo(W) → Zn, Pb → Pb (Ag). Obvious differences have been recognized between Series I and II. As for Series II, the bulk composition is close to that of andesite. Relatively high temperatures of formation (980°–1,140°C) petrochemical enrichment in Mg and Ca, the composition of biotite characterized by high magnesium, assemblages of accessory minerals (magnetite-sphene-apatite or magnetite-ilmenite-REE-rich zireon), trace elements predominated by Cl and Sr with ΣCe>ΣY in the rocks and accessory minerals, relatively high σEu(0.74–0.99) without depletion, δ¹⁸O<10‰ δ³⁴S close to that of meteorite sulfur, relatively high content of platinum metals (>10 times) characteristic of mantle origin, vory low⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.7036–0.7085) and the occurrence of intermediate-basic dikes (similar to basaltic composition) in the final evolutionary stage are sufficiently enough to show that Series II has a material source in the lower crust or in the upper mantle. The fact that⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr>0.7037 in most cases implies a partial incorporation of crust materials. As for Series I, the bulk composition is consistent with that of normal granites. Relatively low temperatures of formation (600°–680°C), chemical composition noted for high SiO₂ and K₂O, complicated accessory mineralogy and assemblages (magnetiteilmenite-zircon, or monazite-xenotime-zircon), biotite with high content of iron, trace elements predominated by F, Li, Rb (Cs) and Be, relatively low δEu with distinct depletion, δ¹⁸O>10‰ greatly varying δ³⁴S, low content of platinum metals typical of mantle derivation, high⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.7112–0.7360), in conjunction with the consideration of mineralizations of REE, Nb, Ta, Sn, Be, W, Bi, etc. of crust origin, indicate that the continental crust is the main material source for Series I. The possibility, however, cannot be ruled out that a small amount of upper mantle-derived material took part in this process, as has been indicated by lower⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (≈0.7100), part of δ³⁴S close to that of meteorite sulfur and the occurrence of intermediate-basic dikes (similar to basalts in composition) as the end products of magmatic evolution. It is of interest to note that granitoid rocks of these two series in southeast China show considerable dissimilarities with those in Japan and Australia in⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, δ¹⁸O and δ³⁴S.     

中国震旦系、青白口系新见

<正> 青白口系在天津蓟县出露,下与蓟县系呈不整合接触,上与寒武系下统府君山组呈平行不整合接触,与震旦系没有直接接触关系。震旦系在峡东地区出露,下与黄陵花岗岩呈沉积不整合接触,与青白口系没有直接接触关系。也就是说震旦系与青白口系的关系没有衔接剖面控制,因而将震旦系叠置于青白口系之上是缺少衔接剖面基本的地质依据。笔者认为辽南及苏皖北部晚前寒武纪地层层序可以解决二者的关系。由于人们对辽南及苏     

Chronostratigraphic Subdivision and Correlation of the Permian in China

Since the principle of multiple stratigraphic classification has been widely accepted by Chinese stratigraphers, various new Permian chronostratigraphic units have been proposed in China, and they need to be redefined. The establishment of a new global chronostratigraphic scheme of the Permian, compilation of Permian lithostratigraphic units and updating of Permian biostratigraphic sequences of China makes it possible to present a revised regional chronostratigraphic succession for the Permian System in China. This succession consists of three series and eight stages. The Chuanshanian Series includes two stages, the Zisongian and the Longlinian; the Yanghsinian (Yangxinian) Series is subdivided into the Chihsian (Qixiaan) and the Maokouan Subseries, of which the former comprises the Luodianian and the Xiangboan Stage, and the latter the Kufengian (Gufengian) and the Lengwuan Stage; the Lopingian (Lepingian) Series includes the Wuchiapingian (Wujiapingian) and the Changhsingian (Changxingian) Stage.