四川盆地下奥陶统碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素特征及其地质意义北大核心CSCD

四川盆地古生代海相地层沉积厚度巨大。奥陶系碳酸盐岩的碳氧同位素组成受后期成岩作用影响较小,基本保留了原始海洋的同位素组成:δ^(13)C_(PDB)值分布区间为0.17‰~-6.20‰,δ^(18)O_(PDB)值分布区间为-4.98‰~-11.07‰,δ^(18)O_(PDB)与δ^(13)C_(PDB)两者不存在明显的线性关系。碳氧同位素对比表明,四川盆地下奥陶统碳氧同位素值与全球下奥陶统的碳氧同位素分布区间基本一致,并且碳同位素值曲线识别了具有全球对比特征的TSICE正漂事件,显示奥陶系碳同位素曲线具有全球可对比性。同时,四川盆地奥陶系桐梓组中期δ^(13)C_(PDB)平均值从-1.62‰负漂为-4.87‰,发生了显著的负漂移事件,分析认为在四川盆地早奥陶世早期由西向东的海退事件导致海洋生产力急速下降是造成δ^(13)C_(PDB)值的负漂移主要原因。桐梓组中上部δ^(18)O_(PDB)大幅度负向偏移,表明桐梓组中期有一个短时期温度升高、盐度降低的过程。研究揭示奥陶系碳氧同位素可以有效的辅助该区的地层划分对比,并且四川盆地早奥陶世发生过显著的海退事件。     

扬子地台灯影组碳酸盐岩中的硫和碳同位素记录

扬子地区灯影组的海相碳酸盐岩地层不仅记录了当时海水的碳同位素变化，也保存了海水的硫同位素记录，能够通过测定所提取的微量硫酸盐的硫同位素组成来获得。灯影组碳酸盐岩中微量硫酸盐的δ^34S值大部分在 20.0‰～ 38．7‰之间变化，碳酸盐岩的δ^13C值变化在 0．5‰～ 5．0‰之间。除灯影组顶、底界线处外，δ^34S和δ^13C值总体上变化幅度较小，大体上呈逐渐降低的变化趋势。灯影组碳酸盐岩中连续的硫、碳同位素记录分别反映了同期海水中溶解硫酸盐和碳酸盐的硫、碳同位素的变化特征。灯影组微量硫酸盐和碳酸盐岩的同位素特征，意味着灯影期海洋中具有高的生物产率和有机碳埋藏速率；除了顶底界线处，具有相对稳定的古气候条件和古海洋环境。灯影期海水的δ^34S值和δ^13C值同时呈逐渐降低的变化趋势，可能是由海洋深部水体逐渐氧化所致。     

古生代海洋碳同位素演化

本文给出对中国古生代海相碳酸盐岩地层的系统的碳同位素研究结果。对密集地采自寒武纪、奥陶纪、泥盆纪、石炭纪和二叠纪5个海相碳酸盐岩地层剖面的681个样品作了碳同位素研究。所得到的古生代海相碳酸盐岩地层δ¹³C值长趋势演化的模式表明,从寒武纪(δ¹³C平均为-0.3‰)到石炭纪(3‰)和二叠纪(3.4‰)逐渐富集¹³C.此变化模式与古生代有机碳的埋藏数量有关,或许与大洋中脊体系的体积变化有关。     

鄂尔多斯奥陶系碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素特征及其意义*

鄂尔多斯古生代海相地层沉积厚度巨大。鄂尔多斯奥陶系碳酸盐岩的碳氧同位素组成受后期成岩作用影响较小,基本保留了原始海洋的同位素组成： δ¹³C值分布于-7.30‰～2.26‰之间,均值-0.30‰;δ¹⁸O值分布于-13.14‰～-1.94‰之间,均值-6.38‰,碳氧同位素组成与全球基本一致。区域上,鄂尔多斯西缘具有相对较高的δ¹³C值,南缘次之,而东缘最低。纵向上,碳同位素组成逐渐增重,并在中晚奥陶世发生明显的正向偏移,δ¹³C均值由马家沟组的-0.36‰增加到平凉组的0.15‰,至背锅山组增加至0.68‰。碳同位素的区域分布差异表明鄂尔多斯西缘水体相对较深,南缘次之,东缘相对较浅,由早奥陶世至晚奥陶世水体逐渐加深,碳同位素组成反映的海平面变化趋势与沉积相演化一致。鄂尔多斯西南缘中晚奥陶世碳同位素组成的正向偏移,标志着较高的生产力和有机碳埋藏率,具有重要的石油地质学意义,西南缘的平凉组/乌拉力克组和背锅山组是下古生界最重要和有效的烃源岩层。     

湘西黔东地区铅锌矿床C、O同位素地球化学特征及其对成矿过程的指示

近年来湘西黔东地区铅锌矿产勘查成果显著,已发现矿床(点)200余处,铅锌矿主要产于寒武系—奥陶系碳酸盐岩地层中。通过对该地区典型铅锌矿床碳酸盐围岩和成矿期方解石的C、O同位素组成分析,结果表明:碳酸盐围岩的δ13CPDB值(-1.16‰~1.70‰,均值0.51‰)和δ18OSMOW值(18.56‰~22.42‰,均值21.04‰)变化范围较小,组成相对均一,在δ13CPDB-δ18OSMOW图上投影点位于海相碳酸盐岩区;而成矿期方解石的δ13CPDB值(-5.80‰~0.42‰,均值-1.18‰)比围岩略低,δ18OSMOW值(12.96‰~23.05‰,均值18.36‰)有明显的下降,在δ13CPDB-δ18OSMOW图上投影点主要位于上地幔区和海相碳酸盐岩之间。根据C、O同位素组成特征并结合前人研究成果,认为成矿流体中的C主要来源于碳酸盐围岩,S来源于地层中的膏盐层,Pb、Zn主要来源于下寒武统牛蹄塘组地层,成矿流体是一种高盐度的低温热卤水,它与碳酸盐围岩的水-岩反应和降温的耦合作用是该地区成矿期方解石和矿石矿物沉淀的主要机制。     

甘溪剖面泥盆纪海相碳酸盐岩的同位素地层曲线

甘溪剖面泥盆纪海相碳酸盐岩的同位素地层曲线卢武长，崔秉荃，杨绍全，张平（成都地质学院）海相碳酸盐的同位素演化很早就引起人们注意Ｚ１９３６年Ｎｉｅｒ和Ｇｕｌｂｒｓｎｓｅｎ首次研究海相石灰岩的碳同位素组成。１９５１年Ｕｒｅｖ测定了箭石的氧同位素。     

四川盆地下侏罗统自流井组湖相碳酸盐岩的碳、氧同位素特征及其古湖泊学意义

四川盆地侏罗纪的湖相碳酸盐岩主要分布于早侏罗世自流井组地层之中。在对四川自贡、重庆合川自流井组上部大安寨段中的湖相碳酸盐岩的碳、氧同位素进行分析后,根据其组成特征及其相关性,探讨其碳、氧同位素的古湖泊学意义。两条剖面上碳酸盐岩的碳、氧同位素在组成上存在一定的差异,自贡贡井—高硐桥剖面上,样品的碳、氧同位素均为负值,δ13C值在-4.49‰~-0.85‰之间,1δ8O值-9.14‰~-6.75‰之间,两者具有一定的相关性(γ=0.62);合川炭坝剖面上,样品的碳同位素正负均有,氧同位素均为负值,δ18O值在-8.52‰~-4.56‰之间,δ13C值在-3.46‰~1.62‰之间,两者也具有一定的相关性(γ=0.64)。通过与现代湖泊碳酸盐碳、氧同位素特征的比较,认为四川盆地早侏罗世自贡地区的湖泊为开放型的淡水湖泊,而合川地区为具有一定封闭性的微咸水湖泊。     

黔北石门坎早志留世石牛栏组碳、氧同位素特征及意义

研究了黔北石门坎下志留统石牛栏组剖面的海相碳酸盐岩的碳、氧同位素组成特征,分析测试,结果显示:δ13 CVPDB值介于1.67‰～4.35‰之间,平均值为3.67‰;δ18 OVPDB值介于-11.16‰～-8.69‰之间,平均值为-10.09‰。研究表明,样品经历了一定成岩蚀变作用,δ18 O受到较大的淡水影响或后期受到淡水淋滤作用,已经被完全改造,而δ13 C基本保存了海水的原始同位素信息,能够反映碳酸盐岩的沉积环境;Z值变化表示形成于盐度较高的海相沉积环境,同时能反映碳、氧同位素组成;石门坎下志留统石牛栏组属于陆棚沉积体系,总体由若干个次级旋回组成,相对海平面变化反映为升—降—升的特征,δ13 C值与海平面变化存在正相关关系,同时碳同位素记录的海平面变化具全球性;生物群经历了由初级生产率变化而产生的繁殖与衰落的交替循环直至绝灭的演化过程。     

藏南岗巴地区上白垩统海相碳酸盐岩碳稳定同位素研究

本文对藏南岗巴地区上白垩统海相碳酸盐岩的碳稳定同位素组成特征及变化趋势进行了研究，对比分析了藏南其它地区及欧洲同时代地层，认为岗巴地层的碳稳定同位素的记录很好地响应了白垩纪期间全球性的缺氧事件。通过对岗巴地区岩石地层学及区域环境的分析说明，全球性的海平面升降及板块运动造成了大洋溶解氧含量的波动是碳稳定同位素δ^13C值偏移的根本原因。     

巢湖地区早三叠世碳氧同位素地层对比及其古生态环境意义

二叠纪-三叠纪之交的环境恶化事件不但导致了生物大绝灭，而且造成了自然界正常的碳循环崩溃。为了研究三叠纪早期生物复苏过程中的环境特征、碳氧同位素演化上的地层学意义，对巢湖平顶山西坡剖面下三叠统碳酸盐岩取样分析。研究结果表明，巢湖平顶山西坡剖面早三叠世碳氧同位素地层曲线与已知的平顶山北坡剖面碳氧同位素地层曲线相似。δ^13C值在Indian阶、Olenekian阶底部首先表现为大幅度负漂，随后呈上升趋势。δ^18O值除了表现出l Ma的周期性波动之外，与δ^13C低值区对应处也具负偏趋势。δ^13C、δ^18O值的演化趋势反映了早三叠世海洋环境恶化、生物复苏十分缓慢。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861