山西榆社楼则峪组和张村组的地质时代

<正> 笔者和黄宝玉、郭书元在山西榆社泥河和张村剖面采集了多门类化石,据腹足类动物群性质,对楼则峪组和张村组的地质时代提出看法。 楼则峪组:山西省地层表编写组(1979)在楼则峪组中所列的脊椎动物有维拉弗期(Villafranchian)的三门马Equus sammeniensis,山西轴鹿Axis shanius,步氏大角鹿Eucladoceras boulei,平额原齿象Archidiskodon planifrons。这次采集的孢粉经分析后,唐领余(1991)认为楼则峪组是亚热带成分完全消失,植物群的面貌呈现荒漠、荒漠草     

扬子北缘西乡群大石沟组和三郎铺组凝灰岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

对采自扬子北缘西乡群大石沟组和三郎铺组的凝灰岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年。结果表明,大石沟组和三郎铺组的凝灰岩年龄分别为（789.0±4.4） Ma（MSWD=0.66）和（760.4±4.5） Ma（MSWD=0.43）。根据已有的资料分析,西乡群的底界年龄约为820 Ma,区域上大体可与板溪群及其相当地层进行对比,为华南新元古代裂谷盆地的早期充填,其与下伏三花石群分别代表了上下2个不同的构造-沉积旋回。结合前人研究结果,华南新元古代的岩浆活动初步显示有三幕的特征,它们的峰值年龄分别约为825 Ma、795 Ma和760 Ma,其中以前两期最为明显,分别标志着裂谷盆地的开启和全面打开。笔者报道的大石沟组和三郎铺组凝灰岩分别代表了795 Ma和760 Ma两期幕式岩浆活动,它们不仅是华南新元古代幕式岩浆活动的一部分,也与华南新元古代裂谷盆地的形成密切相关,具有不可忽视的地质意义。     

京津地区铁岭组,景儿峪组海绿石^40Ar—39Ar年龄

利用海绿石＾４０Ａｒ－＾３９Ａｒ年龄校正公式,通过测量海绿石中的可膨胀层含量ｎ以及中子活化过程中＾３９Ａｒ的丢失率η,求出海绿石的年龄。经测定,京津地区铁岭组,景儿峪组海绿石中可膨胀层含量为５％￣６％,中子活化中＾３９Ａｒ丢失率为１７％￣１９％,由校正后的海绿石年龄推测出铁岭组年龄界限范围。     

京津地区铁岭组、景儿峪组海绿石~40Ar－~39Ar年龄

利用海绿石４０Ａｒ－３９Ａｒ年龄校正公式,通过测量海绿石中的可膨胀层含量ｎ以及中子活化过程中３９Ａｒ的丢失率,求出海绿石的年龄。经测定,京津地区铁岭组、景儿峪组海绿石中可膨胀层含量为５％～６％,中子活化中３９Ａｒ丢失率为１７％～１９％。由校正后的海绿石年龄推测出铁岭组年龄界限范围是１０７０±１０Ｍａ～１１７５±１０Ｍａ,景儿峪组为８１０±１０Ｍａ～９００±１０Ｍａ。     

Cambrian Magmatism in the Northern Urals: New Data on the Age and Formation Conditions

Cambrian igneous formations in the Northern Urals were identified and described for the first time. It was established that the Timanide orogeny terminated in the Early Cambrian and was followed by continental rifting above a mantle plume in the Late Cambrian.     

新疆巴楚地区的“Icriodus de formatus”（牙形刺）与巴楚组和东河塘组的时代

新疆巴楚小海子剖面发现的牙形刺被有关作者鉴定为Icriodus de formatus Han，并将弗拉斯阶-法门阶界线置于巴楚组中段底部，认为东河塘组的时代为弗拉斯期或更老。但巴楚小海子剖面的牙形刺不是Icriodus de formatus，泥盆系-石炭系的界线应划在巴楚组中段下部之内，东河塘组的时代很可能是法门期的。     

New data on Maastrichtian-Paleocene foraminifers from the Sinegorsk Horizon of Southern Sakhalin

Data on planktonic foraminifers first found in the reference section of the Sinegorsk Horizon outcropping along the Naiba River are discussed. The lower part of this stratigraphic unit yields an assemblage of upper Maastrichtian low-latitude thermophilic species, while its upper layers contain upper Paleocene (Thanetian) taxa. Beds with different benthic foraminifers are also defined in the unit.     

藏北羌塘地区地层新资料

新的牙形石化石资料证实在羌塘北部地区有泥盆纪查桑组地层，它是该盆地保存的最古老海相沉积地层，羌塘地区中西部广大地区上侏罗统索瓦组顶部产有丰富的以Virgatosphinctes和Aulacosphinctes两属为主的菊石化石，可初步建立5个菊石组合，其中Berriasella和Blanfordiceras菊石的出现使最高海相层位上延至提塘阶顶部或贝利阿斯阶，而圆笠虫(Orbitolina)、似异卷虫（Heterohelix）出现可能反映有海相白垩纪地层的存在，在晚三叠世肖茶卡组中发现有Epigondolella牙形石动物群，这是我国晚三叠世最高位牙形石带又一产地，首次在双湖比隆组油页岩剖面顶部发现产Harploceras sp.菊石化石的层位，时代属早上托阿尔斯（Toarcian）。解决了这一特殊沉积地层单位长期争论的时代归属问题，并指出它与早侏罗世海侵高峰期全球缺氧事件有关。     

Geochemical evolution of Late Eocene-Oligocene magmatism in the Schmidt Peninsula (Northern Sakhalin)

The Middle Cenozoic evolution of magmatism in the Schmidt Peninsula between 37 and 25 Ma began with eruptions of subalkaline and moderately alkaline andesite, latite, trachyandesite, and trachyrhyolite lavas and ended with subvolcanic intrusions of highly alkaline strongly undersaturated essexites. According to trace-element data, magmatism evolved from melting of a mantle source in the zone of ocean-continent plate convergence to small-degree partial melting in lithospheric mantle at the final stage. This succession is generally typical of Late Cenozoic continental-margin magmatism in southeastern Russia. The similarity in the Middle and Late Cenozoic stages of magmatism is evidence for their individual significance.     

Igneous rocks of the West Sakhalin Terrane of Sakhalin Island

It has been determined that the Rozhdestvenka Formation of the West Sakhalin Terrane composed of Late Mesozoic igneous rocks is a fragment of the accretionary prism of the Rebun–Kabato–Moneron–Samarga island-arc system. Volcanic eruptions, as well as destruction of the Rebun–Kabato–Moneron–Samarga island-arc and the East Sikhote-Alin volcano plutonic marginal continental belt, were the sources of pyroclastic and clastic material entering the sedimentary basin, where the Pobedinsk and Krasnoyarka suites of the West Sakhalin Terrane were formed.     

雪峰山西侧北缘五峰组-龙马溪组含笔石页岩热成熟度特征

五峰组-龙马溪组含笔石富有机质页岩是中国目前最成功和最重要的页岩气勘探目标.由于缺乏镜质体,该地层的成熟度一直存在争议.以雪峰山西侧北缘富含笔石的五峰组-龙马溪组页岩为例,采用笔石表皮体反射率来表征其成熟度特征.该套页岩笔石含量丰富,以非粒状笔石表皮体为主,其具有二轴晶光性特征,最大反射率（GR_max）和双反射率之间表现出正相关关系,成熟度越高的笔石表皮体表现出更强的各向异性.同时,该套地层中也含有丰富的沥青颗粒,其随机反射率与笔石表皮体的最大和随机反射率也呈现了正相关性,其各向异性更弱,但其成因复杂,且颗粒细小,测定较困难,因此,相对而言,作为热成熟指标,笔石表皮体反射率更占优势.雪峰山西侧北缘五峰组-龙马溪组含笔石页岩的成熟度较高,EqVR_o值均为3.10%以上,达到了过成熟阶段,是页岩气勘探的有利区.      

Manifestation of Late Devonian Post-Accretionary Magmatism on the Eastern Slope of the Northern Urals: New Data on the Age and Geochemistry

Doklady Earth Sciences - A study of the geochemical features and isotopic (Sm‒Nd and U‒Pb) age of dolerites of the Ivdel complex on the eastern slope of the Northern Urals within the...     

滦平盆地大北沟组-大店子组沉积和地层格架及陆相层型意义

依据大量实测剖面资料初步建立了滦平盆地侏罗-白垩系大北沟-大店子组地层格架,证明盆地在两组沉积期为西南高、东北低的簸箕形,两组地层从西南向东北在地层厚度、沉积旋回组成、相序与环境和标志层的分布等方面均发生规律性变化.地层格架不仅有助于研究盆地形成演化、构造应力条件和火山活动,而且可以确定盆地沉降中心,确定建立地层层型的候选剖面.位于盆地沉降中心的张家沟剖面大北沟组-大店子组以扇三角洲前缘半深湖-深湖相深水沉积为主,由5个完整的沉积旋回(SDC)组成.旋回沉积相序大北沟组由滨浅湖相-前扇三角洲半深湖、深湖相-扇三角洲前缘相构成;大店子组明显水体加深,沉积环境相对单一,地层厚度增大,旋回相序由半深湖、深湖相泥页岩、粉砂岩夹砂岩组成,部分层位为扇三角洲前缘的砂、砾岩层.两组沉积较厚,达665 m.并且排除了其它剖面上"蜂窝梁砾岩”(辫状河道-分流河道砾岩)对下伏层侵蚀造成的大北沟组顶部沉积间断,以及"玄武安山岩”喷发活动造成的大店子组顶部地层缺失.张家沟剖面沉积连续、暴露完全、化石极为丰富,是建立侏罗-白垩系临界阶陆相层型和研究界线划分的理想剖面.     

Radiocarbon Data on Lateglacial and Holocene Landslides in the Northern Apennines

The Emilia Romagna slope of the Northern Apennines is strewnwith over 32,000 landslides, 5,000 of which are larger than 1 million cubic metres. They representthe remains of geomorphic agents that shaped the Apennines during the Holocene. Dating themby means of radiocarbon methods adds a contribution to the knowledge about the last periodof the geological geomorphological history of the Apennines. They can also be used to examinethe influence of Quaternary climatic changes on the instability of slopes and, for practicalor planning functions, to assess the periodicity of activity phases of the landslides. Thedating has been carried out on wood remnants buried under the landslide bodies. In some cases theentire tree trunk was found.In this paper we present radiocarbon dating of 20 casestudies in the Northern Apennines. Results range approximately from 13790–13670 cal y BP to950–790 cal`y BP. The oldest case is that of the Morsiano earth-flow, while the younger datedevent is represented by the Marano case that represents an example of how radiometric analysescan further enhance the available historical data. In the Cavola case, wood remnants of different ageswere found at different depths (from 9 to 45 m), allowing the dating of the first and followingperiods of activity of the landslide. The results are discussed and some considerations on the correlationbetween landslide occurrence and Holocene climate changes are proposed.     

滇黔北五峰组—龙马溪组页岩沉积环境和古气候地球化学特征

为研究奥陶大灭绝与该时期古环境和古地理的联系,对滇黔北地区五峰组—龙马溪组样品进行了有机碳（TOC）、主量元素、微量元素和碳同位素地球化学分析。结果表明,滇黔北地区五峰组—龙马溪组Ba/Al和Ni/Al值的变化在五峰组沉积时期相对稳定,从五峰组沉积时期开始逐渐增加,直到观音桥组沉积时期达到顶峰随之下降,在龙马溪组沉积时期又开始上升,随后逐渐减小并稳定下来,特别在赫南特阶观音桥组时期,生产力出现了跳跃性的波动,即表明奥陶纪末期古海水性质存在重大转变。V/Cr和U/Th比值总体显示出五峰组沉积时期表现为缺氧环境,观音桥组沉积时期表现为厌氧环境,龙马溪组表现为缺氧环境,U-Mo协变模式表明滇黔北地区五峰组沉积时期为强滞留海盆,龙马溪组属于半滞留海盆。化学风化值指数（CIA）表明滇黔北地区温度在五峰组早期就开始缓慢下降,观音桥时期区域温度降至冰期,龙马溪组早期又渐渐恢复,但从龙马溪组到观音桥组至五峰组时期气候处于极不稳定的状态。奥陶纪末期生命大灭绝是在极地冰川发育的背景下,洋流模式、强度及海水的理化性质的改变导致两者受海陆分布格局控制。     

贵州漾头陡山沱组与留茶坡组界线凝灰岩的锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

前寒武纪-寒武纪过渡时期是地质历史上最重要的转折期之一,对这一时期不同沉积相地层建立精确的对比标志,是理解寒武纪动物大爆发等一系列重大地质问题的关键.对贵州漾头剖面陡山沱组顶部和留茶坡组底部的两层凝灰岩中的锆石进行了LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究,分别获得了554.2±3.3 Ma和550.6±3.3 Ma的加权平均年龄,证明华南扬子地台深水相区留茶坡组开始沉积的时间约为550 Ma.扬子地台在埃迪卡拉纪-寒武纪过渡时期存在明显的台-盆沉积相分异,表明扬子地台在这一时期进入拉张的构造背景;因此,留茶坡组底部550.6±3.3 Ma的绝对年龄代表了扬子地台进入伸展构造背景和强烈海底热液活动开始的时间.另外,凝灰岩锆石微量元素特征显示,两层凝灰岩的源岩均属于花岗岩类,形成的大地构造背景属于岛弧环境或造山环境.      

Uranium-Series Ages of Travertines and Timing of the Last Glaciation in the Northern Yellowstone Area, Wyoming-Montana

Uranium-series age determinations by mass spectrometric methods were done for travertines and associated carbonate veins related to clastic deposits of the last glaciation (Pinedale) in the northern Yellowstone area. Dramatic variations in the hydrologic head are inferred from variations in the elevation of travertine deposition with time and are consistent with the expected hydrologic effects of glaciation. We determine the following chronology of the Pinedale Glaciation, with the key assumption that travertine deposits (and associated carbonate veins) perched high above present thermal springs were deposited when glaciers filled the valley below these perched deposits: (1) the early Pinedale outlet glacier advanced well downvalley between 47,000 and 34,000 yr B.P.; (2) the outlet glacier receded to an interstadial position between 34,000 and 30,000 yr B.P.; (3) an extensive Pinedale ice advance occurred between 30,000 and 22,500 yr B.P.; (4) a major recession occurred between 22,500 and 19,500 yr B.P.; (5) a minor readvance (Deckard Flats) culminated after 19,500 yr B.P.; and (6) recession from the Deckard Flats position was completed before 15,500 yr B.P. This chronology is consistent with the general trend of climatic changes in the northern hemisphere as revealed by recent high-resolution ice-core records from the Greenland ice sheet.     

Geochemical Constrains on Petrogenesis and Tectonic Setting of Volcanic Rocks from the Baimianxia and Sanwan Formations in the Northern Margin of the Yangtze Plate

On the basis of petrogeochemical data, the volcanic lavas of the Baimianxia Formation can be classified into two units: high TiO2 and low TiO2. The TiO2 concentration of the former is generally higher than 1%, which occurs in the lower part with high-grade metamorphism, but the latter is less than 1% and crops out in the upper part with low-grade metamorphism. The high-TiO2 unit is dominated by tholeiitic lavas showing high rare earth element (REE) contents (ΣREE?=?83.4–180.8?μg/g), high light/heavy REE (LREE/HREE) ratios (LREE/HREE=2.17–5.85) and weak negative Eu anomaly (Eu=0.79–1.01). Its trace element patterns display weak Nb-Ta anomalies with respect to Th, K, La, Ce, showing within-plate basalt affinities. In contrast, the low-TiO2 unit is characterized by low REE contents, low LREE/HREE ratios, and pronounced Nb-Ta anomalies, indicating typical arc or continental arc signature. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of basalts and andesites from the Sanwan Formation are flat or LREE depletion, which is very similar to normal mid-oceanic basalt. Therefore, we suggest that these lavas should be formed in a back-arc basin setting. Sr-Nd isotopic data of the basalt in the lower part suggest that the rocks would have been formed in ~1144?Ma. Based on the geochemical and isotopic features of the basalts, we suggest that these rocks in the low part of the Baimianxia Formation should originate from an asthenospheric oceanic-island basalt-like mantle source, which may be produced by partial melting of garnet lherzolite, and significantly underwent fractional crystallization and crustal or lithospheric mantle contamination en route to the surface. However, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry zircon U-Pb dating of the basalt sample from the upper part of the Baimianxia Formation gives a 437 Ma, indicating a Early Paleozoic age. The geochemical analysis in this paper suggests that they may originate from an arc or continental arc in response to aqueous fluids or melt expelled from a subducting slab, and the partial melting occurred in the garnet stability field. The samples of basalts and andesites in the Sanwan Formation show they are derived from depleted mantle source similar to normal mid-oceanic basalt. Finally, we can conclude that the lavas in the lower part of the Baimianxia Formation represent the geological records of rift-related volcanism in the middle Proterozoic, which is commonly considered to be the precursor of continental breakup and followed by oceanic basin forming from Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic. Whereas, the lavas in upper part of the Baimianxia Formation and Sanwan Formations may have been generated by the oceanic and continental conversion that occurred in the early Paleozoic.     

北大别片麻岩的锆石U—Pb年龄离子探针测定及其地质意义

本文对北大别西部的湖北英山万家老屋、罗田七道河尹家店和安徽金寨丁埠乡李集3个片麻岩样品中锆石进行了BSE显微结构分析，并在此基础上对锆石进行了离子探针U－Pb年龄测定。结果表明北大别存在两种类型的片麻岩，它们的原岩分别形成于晋宁期和燕山期，其中英山万家老屋片麻岩的形成年龄为794Ma，后期地质事件对其锆石U－Pb年龄造成的影响较小；七道河尹家店片麻岩的形成年龄为730Ma，并可能受到燕山期岩浆事件的影响，得到了140Ma左右的变质年龄；丁埠乡李集片麻岩的形成年龄为140Ma。结合已有的年代学结果，北大别地体广泛存在晋宁期的岩浆事件，表明其可能为扬子板块的北缘。