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关中盆地是一个完整的、相对独立的地下水系统,按含水介质的结构组合与空间分布以及地下水循环特征,文章将关中盆地地下水系统进一步划分为黄土台塬孔隙-裂隙含水系统、冲积平原孔隙含水系统、秦岭山前洪 积平原孔隙含水系统、渭北岩溶含水系统及基岩裂隙含水系统共5个亚系统和26个更次一级的子系统。在研究 各子系统水文地质特征、分析水资源开发利用现状的基础上,认为区内地下水资源开发利用中存在的问题有:地下水资源污染与浪费严重,重复利用率低;不合理开采地下水,出现负环境效应;行政区块限制,水资源宏观调配不够;地下水人工调控力度不够,不能有效地促进生态环境良性循环;对地下水资源的研究、规划和管理滞后等方面。 并针对存在的主要问题,提出了5项水资源可持续开发利用对策,包括节水对策、开源对策、改水对策、增补对策以及管理对策。 相似文献
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本文在关中盆地现有监测网的基础上,基于GIS技术,采用建设监测剖面与编制地下水动态类型图相结合的方法,对关中盆地地下水动态监测网进行了优化调整,形成4横5纵共9条监测剖面、239个监测点的地下水动态监测网,其中潜水监测井120个,承压水监测井119个;利用原有监测井165个,新增监测井74个。新建监测网能够较全面地控制关中盆地区域地下水动态变化,在2011年"严重缺水地区地下水监测项目"中,以动态监测数据为依据,确定了主要干旱区位置,为政府应急抗旱找水打井提供了技术支撑。 相似文献
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地下水系统的正确划分是评价地下水资源的基础,通过地下水系统理论对伊犁盆地的地下水系统进行了划分。划分结果表明:研究区地下水地下水含水系统划分为松散岩类孔隙含水系统、碎屑岩类裂隙孔隙含水系统、基岩裂隙含水系统和岩溶裂隙含水系统等四个一级含水系统;将伊犁谷地平原区划分为伊犁河谷平原区地下水流系统、巩乃斯河谷平原区地下水流系统和喀什河谷平原区地下水流系统等三个一级地下水流动系统。 相似文献
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关中盆地地下水特殊脆弱性及其评价 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
关中盆地浅层地下水面状硝酸盐污染严重,以"三氮"为主要污染物.分析了地下水特殊脆弱性内涵,以及地下水本质因素、人为因素及污染物特殊因素等对脆弱性的影响,并从中选取13个评价因子.将包气带"三氮"迁移转化过程数值模拟结果耦合到脆弱性评价模型中,使过程模型与评价模型结合起来,再结合GIS技术,对地下水特殊脆弱性进行了评价.结果表明,易引起地下水"三氮"的地区主要分布在渭河中下游冲积平原、黄土台塬洼地、以及渭河南岸西安一带小于20 m厚的黄土台塬等地区.从2001年关中盆地地下水"三氮"污染分布来看,这些地区地下水硝酸盐已出现大面积超标,评价结果与地下水实际"三氮"污染情况基本吻合. 相似文献
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利用CFC研究地下水混合作用——以关中盆地浅层地下水为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从介绍了CFC在识别地下水混合中的应用入手,将此方法实际应用于关中盆地浅层下水研究。理论分析表明CFC浓度比值不受地下水混合作用的影响,利用CFC浓度年龄和CFC比值年龄可分析地下水混合作用,并可估算新水所占的比例。关中盆地下水CFC浓度从山前向渭河谷地有下降趋势,反映地下水以侧向流动为主,山前补给的新水与含水层中的老水有混合作用。地下水中新水所占的比例可达50%以上,表明该区地下水较易接受现代水补给。 相似文献
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在对关中盆地浅层地下水169个水化学数据分析的基础上,运用图解法、数理统计法及Phreeqc模拟等方法对关中盆地浅层地下水水文地球化学形成演化机制进行系统研究,取得了一些新的认识。按含水介质及地下水循环特征,将浅层地下水系统大致划分为强烈径流区、缓慢径流区、排泄区。不同水动力分区中,地下水化学类型具有一定的分带性,从强烈径流区、缓慢径流区至排泄区,地下水的化学类型由HCO3-Ca·Mg型经过HCO3-Ca·Mg·Na型逐步演化为SO4·Cl-Na型。地下水强烈径流区,地下水化学组分的形成主要以碳酸盐、硅酸盐等矿物岩石风化作用为主,缓慢径流区以多种作用为主,排泄区由Na-Ca阳离子交换及蒸发浓缩作用控制。 相似文献
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关中盆地水污染现状与防治对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
关中地区一方面资源性缺水,一方面水污染严重。水质污染加剧了水资源短缺和供需矛盾,直接影响了水资源的永续利用。本文详细分析和阐述了关中盆地地表水、地下水水质污染现状。针对关中水污染问题提出了具体的防治对策和措施。 相似文献
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为了研究关中盆地浅层地下水氮污染对人体产生的潜在健康危害风险,在研究区采集和测试了232个水样,采用单因子污染指数法和健康风险评价模型对浅层地下水氮污染进行了评价。结果表明,在浅层地下水中硝态氮污染程度相对较重,呈面状分布;而铵态氮和亚硝态氮污染程度较轻,以点状存在。浅层地下水中硝态氮对人体健康的慢性毒害指数较高,高风险区占研究区面积的78.2%,主要分布在农业活动强烈的灌区和人口居住密集、工业相对发达的城镇区;硝态氮含量大于12.6mg/L的三类地下水对人体健康也是高风险的,即传统意义上可以饮用的三类水对人体健康并不都是安全的。上述成果对地下水资源管理和保护具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
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This paper analyzed regional hydrogeochemical evolution characteristics of groundwater with respect to hydrogeological conditions in the Guanzhong Basin, China. Coefficient variation in the subregion between the Shichuan River and Luo River of the Guanzhong Basin is larger than other subregions, reflecting the more complicated hydrogeological conditions of this subregion. The hydrochemical components and hydrodynamic conditions of this area have distinct horizontal zoning characteristics, and hydrodynamic conditions play a controlling role in the groundwater’s hydrochemistry. The relationship between ions, and between ions and TDS (total dissolved solids) can give an indication of many charteristics of grounwater such as evaporation intensity, ion exchange, and the sources of chemical components. Results indicated that for the coefficient of variation (the coefficient of variation is a statistical measure of the distribution or dispersion of data around mean. This measure is used to analyze the difference of spread in the data relative to the mean value. Coefficient of variation is derived by dividing the standard deviation by the mean), the minimum value of pH parameters is 0.03-0.07, the minimum value of HCO3- parameters is 0.24, while the maximum is the SO42- coefficinet at 1.67. A PHREEQC simulation demonstrated that different simulation paths roughly have the same trend in dissolution and precipitation of minerals. Along the direction of groundwater flow, the predminant precipitation is of calcite and gypsum and the cation exchange of Na+ and Ca2+ in some paths. However, in other paths, the precipitation of calcite and dissolution of gypsum and dolomite are the main actions, as well as the exchange of Mg2+ and Ca2+ in addition to Na+ and Ca2+. 相似文献
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关中盆地秦岭山前地下水库调蓄功能模拟研究 总被引:13,自引:3,他引:13
本文从水资源开发利用与社会经济环境协调发展角度出发,分析研究了关中盆地秦岭山前地下水库调蓄条件下调蓄方式,依据野外实际调查测试的数据,利用有限元和有限分析数值模拟技术对地下水库的调蓄功能进行了模拟,在此基础上,对地下水库调蓄的效益进行了分析.得出关中盆地秦岭北坡地下水库调蓄条件优越,水量丰富,蕴藏着巨大的开发利用潜力,开展该区地下水库人工调蓄是挖掘水资源潜力、增大可供水量和涵养地下水源、改善生态环境的重要途径,对维持黄河流域地下水可再生性,缓解黄河断流有重要意义. 相似文献
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TAO Hong ZHENG Miao-miao FAN Li-min LI Wen-li DING Jia LI Hui HE Xu-bo TAO Fu-ping 《地下水科学与工程》2017,5(3):296-302
This paper studies the distribution features, the chemical elements beyond standards and the influencing factors of shallow groundwater quality in the Guanzhong Basin through the data monitored in the last twenty years. The final purpose is to comprehensively evaluate the divisions of groundwater quality in the Guanzhong Basin. Results show that , the groundwater quality is in good shape, and suitable for drinking. Drinking accounts for 16.02% of the total, most of which are distributed in the lubotan of Weibei. Some come from loess plateau of Qian-Liquan County and some are generated by the industrial pollution of Xingping City. Materials exceeding standards include chloride, sulfate, three nitrogen, fluoride, manganese, iron, hexavalent chromium and so on. The main factors influencing the quality of shallow groundwater include groundwater exploitation, natural background value of special components and precipitation, among which the groundwater exploitation poses the greatest impact. The depth of water is positively correlated with the concentration of sulfate, nitrate and total hardness. 相似文献
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本数据集包含了2015年在关中盆地采集的200个地下水样品的位置信息、取样层位信息及33项无机地球化学成分测试结果信息。水质综合评价的结果按照地下水质量级别划分,除去10个空白水样,样品中Ⅱ类水2件,Ⅲ类水57件,Ⅳ类水56件,Ⅴ类水75件;按照地下水水质类型划分,淡水111件,半咸水71件,咸水8件。采样过程规范,测试结果均由具备国家认可资质的实验室测试完成,数据质量可靠。关中盆地从盆地边缘至盆地中心,地下水化学类型由HCO3-Ca型经HCO3-Ca·Mg·Na型转变为SO4·Cl-Na型,呈明显的水平分带性规律。水质评价的结果表明,该时段关中盆地地下水质量状况较差,有68.9%的地下水不适于直接饮用。其中Ⅱ-Ⅲ类水主要分布在关中盆地的南部、西部和北部的局部地区;Ⅳ类水主要分布在渭河边、高陵县、泾阳县和乾县;Ⅴ类水主要分布在大荔县、蒲城县、富平县、阎良区、咸阳市区周边、三原县和礼泉县。本数据集可为研究关中盆地地下水循环演化等提供地球化学指标参考。 相似文献
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为研究太湖流域北部地下水的化学特征及成因,以水文地质研究为基础,综合利用数理统计、Piper三线图和离子比等方法,对不同含水层地下水的化学特征和控制因素进行分析。结果表明:研究区潜水的水化学类型较多,总体以Ca·Na-HCO3型和Ca·Na-HCO3·SO4型为主;承压水的水化学类型较简单,阴离子以HCO3型为主,阳离子以Ca、Ca·Na、Na为主;地下水主要受矿物风化-溶滤作用影响,其中含钠硅酸盐岩溶解对地下水化学特征影响较大;潜水受人类活动影响,工矿活动的影响大于农业、生活污水的影响;承压水中发生了阳离子交换,使Ca2+和Mg2+浓度降低而Na+浓度增高;潜水与承压水的离子特征在垂向上具有明显的分层性。 相似文献
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《China Geology》2019,2(2):218-226
Guanzhong Basin is located in the transitional zone between the Qinling orogenic belt and the Ordos plateau. Analyses of drill and geothermal wells depict that the Guanzhong Basin has abundant gas, and its major source rocks are the U-rich granites. In this study, the granitoid intrusive samples were collected from the Huashan, Baoji, Muhuguan rocks in Guanzhong Basin. A micro laser Raman spectrum examination was used to measure the composition of inclusion in the granite quartz fissures. The results depict that the inclusions include both gas-liquid and H2O-NaCl-CO2 inclusions and that their composition primarily includes H2O and CO2, with small amounts of CH4, H2 and H2S. These inclusions can be classified into nearly-primary, early secondary, and late secondary inclusions, which have homogenization temperatures of greater than 430 °C, 330–370 °C and 170–230 °C, respectively, based on the inclusion measurements. Additionally, the apatite fission-track investigations of six samples, which were collected from the granites at Huashan, Baoji rocks and the southern margin of Muhuguan along with the Cretaceous Sigou Formation sandstones that are located in the northwestern margin of the Guanzhong Basin reveal that the northern Guanzhong Basin began to receive deposits as early as 84–69 Ma. This period was accompanied by the rapid uplift of the Qinling orogenic belt, which was followed by an uplift of the southern basin margin and the Qinling orogenic belt from 44–28 Ma. The authors obtained an age histogram and a probability density distribution of three sample points. The results show that the age spectra of the zircons in the Cretaceous Sigou Formation sandstones can be divided into four tectonic events. Combined with the ages of apatite fission tracks and zircon, the Guanzhong Basin has experienced five tectonic stages as follows: 28–84 Ma, 170–260 Ma, 280–510 Ma, 610–1200 Ma, and 1210–2870 Ma. Using the thermal chronology constraints, inclusion composition analyses, which include the homogenization temperature measurements, and regional burial history, this paper conclude that the early secondary inclusions are primarily composed of CO2 and N2, whereas the late secondary inclusions are composed of CH4. Furthermore, this paper identify two periods of reservoir accumulation, out of which the later period is assumed to be the main accumulation period. Therefore, the period of the formation of the late secondary inclusion in the Guanzhong Basin and the Miocene era is observed to overlap with the main helium reservoir accumulation period.© 2019 China Geology Editorial Office. 相似文献
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大气降水作为地下水的主要补给源之一,它是自然界水循环过程中的一个重要环节.查明大气降水中同位素分布特征及其影响因素,不仅有助于定性或定量地研究地下水的起源和形成等问题,更有助于揭示"三水"转化关系.根据全球大气降水同位素观测网 1985~1993 年大气降水氢氧同位素资料并结合所采集样品的分析结果对陕西关中盆地大气降水环境同位素特征、变化规律及其影响因素进行了探讨,建立了西安地区雨水线,为地下水的起源及运移研究奠定了基础. 相似文献