The atmospheric electric field in Athens-Greece

Summary In the present study, the daily, annual and seasonal variations of the electric field in Athens-Greece, for all weather as well as for fair weather conditions, for the 16-years period 1965–1980 were examined. The daily variation of the electric field follows a double oscillation. A Fourier analysis was also used for the study of its diurnal variation. The results of the Man-Kendall test showed that the electric field at National Observatory of Athens (NOA), during the 16-years period, is essentially constant. In addition, the influence of the air pollution due to smoke and of wind speed on electric field was examined. It was deduced that an increase of air pollution results in an increase of electric field, while the electric field decreases as the wind speed increases.With 4 figures     

大气电场仪观测结果的修订

大气电场仪是测量大气电场的重要设备,其测量结果受多种因素影响.通过一系列对比试验表明:电场仪采用探头正置或倒置结构时的观测结果基本一致,倒置结构有利于避免雨水带来的影响.不同的安装环境对测量结果的影响很大,为了消除这种影响,提出了对观测数据进行地面修订的方法,得到不同天气条件下的修订系数.所得结果对于实现多站电场仪联网观测的数据一致性有重要实际意义.     

Possible solar influence on atmospheric electric field

A physical hypothesis for the electrical coupling of the troposphere, ionosphere and magnetosphere has been proposed. It is shown that the vertical mass exchange takes place in the troposphere, ionosphere and magnetosphere by the gravity wave feedback mechanism through a chain of eddy systems. The vertical mass exchange gives rise to a vertical aerosol current which is responsible for the generation and mainte-nance of atmospheric electric field and also the variations in the H-component of the geomagnetic field. Any per-turbation in the troposphere would be transmitted to ionosphere and vice versa. A global perturbation in ionosphere, as the one caused by solar variability, is transmitted to troposphere influencing weather systems/geomagnetic/atmospheric electrification processes.The theory relating to the above physical mechanism is discussed. Also, results of analysis of at-mospheric electrical field data for Colaba, Bombay (8°53’ 56”N, 72° 48’ 54”E, 9.8 m ASL) and solar activity indices (Ap index, DST index and MSB crossing dates) for the 31 year period from 1936-1966 which provide statistical evidence for solar influence on atmospheric electrification processes are presented.     

欧亚大陆晴天大气电场变化特征统计分析

对欧亚大陆中纬度陆地9个晴天大气电场观测站点的观测数据进行了分析。结果表明:欧亚大陆中纬度陆地9个站点晴天大气电场强度的日变化主要成单峰单谷和双峰双谷两种波形。各站点的晴天大气电场强度季节变化也较为明显:冬季晴天大气电场强度值较大,夏季晴天大气电场强度值较小。晴天大气电场强度值的日变化总体上与大气电导率呈负相关,与爱根核浓度、绝对湿度呈正相关,并且温度梯度也对其有一定的影响。     

基于大气电场的雷电监测预警方法

利用大气电场强度数据设计了一种雷电监测预警方法,并对江西省南昌县2020年8月的一次雷电过程进行预测。首先对大气电场仪采集的电场数据进行去噪处理和缺失填补,然后利用经验模态分解法分解大气电场数据,得到大气电场数据的幅值和频率的分布特征,运用多元回归模型构建雷电预警模型,预测未来一段时间内的大气电场强度值。参考大气电场强度等级划分表,开展雷电监测预警。结果表明,运用模型预测的大气电场强度结果与实况之间的可决系数均在0.9以上,即大气电场强度预测结果与实况较为接近,该监测预警方法具有一定的可行性。     

大气电场的FFT频谱分析及雷暴预报研究

采用傅里叶变换方法将时域数据转换到频域,针对首次地闪发生(简称“雷暴天气”)和首次地闪不会发生(简称“非雷暴天气”)的大气电场强度数据做了幅度谱分析.研究发现,首次地闪前0.5h的大气电场数据与非雷暴天气中任意时段0.5h的大气电场数据的幅度谱分布具有明显差异,两类天气的幅度谱分布有一定规律可循.在此基础上对样本整理分类,将两类天气的平均幅度谱视为判别标准,利用欧氏距离判别法,对63个未知天气样本进行判别分类和效果检验,结果表明,此方法可供短时临近的首次地闪预警工作中予以参考.     

Association among geomagnetic activity,atmospheric electric field and selected meteorological parameters

The association among the geomagnetic activity (Ap index) and atmospheric electric field, meteorological parameters was investigated using a long series of continuous data set available for Colaba (18o53’N, 72o48’E, 11m ASL) for the period 1936-1966. The meteorological parameters used for the investigation are the surface pressure, temperature, wind velocity and relative humidity. The results of the above study indicate that the atmospheric electric field and the meteorological parameters are associated with the geomagnetic storms with Ap > 100. The atmospheric electric field shows an increasing trend after the geomagnetic storm. The surface pressure dips and surface tempera-tures increase after a geomagnetic storm. The wind velocity shows a decreasing trend and the relative humidity shows an increasing trend after the geomagnetic storm.     

基于地面电场资料的雷暴临近预报研究

利用总体平均经验模态分解算法(EEMD),对南京地区2010—2011年6—8月近地面大气电场资料进行分析,研究了晴天、弱雷暴和强雷暴天气条件下大气电场的振荡特征。在单站电场仪观测范围内,以晴天大气为背景场,根据固有模态函数(IMF)方差最大值对应层数的动态特性,建立并验证了两种强度的雷暴临近预报模型。结果表明:弱雷暴发生前IMF方差最大值对应层数跳变幅度较平稳,而强雷暴跳变幅度逐渐加剧。对IMF方差最大值对应层数进行三次样条插值,可直观地表征雷暴发生发展过程,延长预报时间至1 h。利用这些特征对92个独立样本进行预报效果检验,预报的准确率为73.3%,虚警率为14.5%。     

2013年“西马仑”台风大气电场特征分析

利用中国气象局提供的台风定位资料和厦门市气象局测得的大气电场等资料,采用对比分析等方法分析了1308号台风"西马仑"登陆后的大气电场变化特征及其与闪电和降水的关系。分析结果表明:测站大气电场、降水和地闪的变化主要受"西马仑"台风后部云系影响。降水强度与负电场强度之间有着较好的对应关系。强降水时段地闪频次较低;地闪活动滞后于大气电场变化5~20min,地闪密集时段也是大气电场跳变最为剧烈的时段。     

小波分析在雷击大气电场波形去噪分析中的应用

雷击时大气电场信号中混杂的噪声信号影响对真实大气电场信号的分析、提取和使用。文中通过计算仿真信号和去噪前后真实电场信号的均方误差,分析选取不同的小波函数、阈值法和小波分解层数对去噪效果产生的影响。考虑雷击时大气电场信号的信噪比,选用sym5小波和db5小波与minimaxi和rigrsure阈值法结合,且对小波的分解层数选用6~7层,进行大气电场波形的去噪处理,其去噪效果比较理想。最后,将该方法用于实际雷击大气电场波形数据的去噪处理,对雷击时电场波形的突变性检测中,在20个样本中有14个在首次雷击前1.5~2 h具有突变过程,占70%,这为将大气电场仪资料引入其他气象参数预报模型提供了切入点。     

Interrelations between the atmospheric electric field,air pressure,and hydrogeological processes

The rise of the level of aquifers enhances soil radon transport that causes the decay of the atmospheric electric field. The decrease in aquifer levels provides the opposite effect. The aquifer level rise may be caused by precipitation infiltration, hydrofracturing, and air pressure drop. The reasons for the aquifer level decline are the pumping of artesian water and air pressure rise.     

雷电过程中大气电场信号处理方法探究

基于天津市蓟州区大气电场探测数据和闪电定位数据,利用功率谱分析、小波降噪和快速傅里叶变换等信号处理方法,分析了雷电天气过程中地面大气电场变化特征。结果表明,雷电过程中大气电场能量主要集中在低频部分,利用sym5小波函数进行7层或8层分解,提取的低频信号能够反映大气电场的主要变化特征。在首次闪电发生前1小时,大气电场的频谱幅值起伏变化明显,且远高于非雷电天气电场频谱幅值。通过欧氏距离判别法,判断大气电场频谱特征更接近雷电天气还是非雷电天气,可为雷电预报预警提供参考。     

北京地区大气电场的特征及雷电预警中的订正分析

摘要：利用北京市气象局4个大气电场仪2009年春季、夏季和秋季的监测资料,分析了本地区大气电场各季节日变化、晴天和雷暴天气下的变化特征,分析结果表明：北京地区全年大气电场具有“双峰双谷”的日变化特征,峰值出现在07～09时和20～23时,谷值出现在04～06时和15～17时,全年大气电场的平均值为0.31 kV/m;全年晴天大气电场的日变化规律要比年平均更为明显,其电场值要比全年日平均值大40%左右;雷电的发生与电场仪的快变抖动之间存在着很好的对应关系。根据大气电场的变化特征和所对应的雷暴过程对大气电场的雷电预警阈值进行了订正,研制出新的三级雷电警报阈值分别为2.84 kV/m、5.58kV/m、8.29kV/m,并对警报阈值进行可靠性检验,即将新的三级警报阈值的准确率和电场仪默认的警报阈值的准确率进行比较分析;分析结果指出,夏季三个级别警报阈值的准确率分别为67.4%、78.4%和90.6%,一级警报阈值的准确率提高了约25%,二级和三级警报阈值的准确率提高了5%-20%。最后,结合闪电定位资料和北京城八区局地电场监测网分析了2009年6月16日一次雷云经过本市的放电过程,为在其他气象探测资料（雷达、探空、闪电定位等）无法提供的或者通信电力无法保障的地区使用电场仪预警雷电的发生提供参考。     

基于小波技术的地面大气电场数据处理

使用安装在南京信息工程大学实验场的法国电场仪AMEO340于2009年观测试验期间的观测资料,将大气电场仪采样序列数据经快速傅里叶变换,得到序列的功率谱。对晴天和伴有闪电天气的地面大气电场数据进行了小波函数为sym5的7层分解,大大降低了地面大气电场数据波形的重叠度。通过对伴有闪电天气的地面大气电场数据进行小波7层分解,地面大气电场信号的低频部分不仅突出显示了地面大气电场值的主要变化趋势,而且能清晰的分辨出闪电过程中较强的正负地闪次数。为利用地面大气电场强度值的变化特征进行闪电预警提供了更有效的信息。     

基于小波分析的地面大气电场观测数据处理技术研究

使用南京信息工程大学实验场的AMEO340电场仪一年观测试验资料,将大气电场仪采样序列数据经快速傅里叶变换,得到序列的功率谱,对晴天和伴有闪电天气的地面大气电场数据进行小波函数为sym5的7层分解,某种程度上降低了地面大气电场数据波形的重叠度。通过对伴有闪电天气的地面大气电场数据进行小波7层分解,地面大气电场信号的低频部分不仅突出显示出地面大气电场值的主要变化趋势,而且能清晰地分辨出闪电过程中较强的正负地闪次数,为利用地面大气电场强度值的变化特征进行闪电预警提供了更有效的信息。     

Observation of the variations of the atmospheric electric field at YBJ, Tibet

The variability noticed in fair weather atmospheric electric field (AEF) recorded at Yangbajin (YBJ, 90°31′50″E, 30°06′38″N), a continental station located at Tibet Plateau, China, during the period 2006–2011, has been examined firstly in relation to the variations of three selected local meteorological parameters. Secondly, a test has been carried out for a hypothesis that numerical reduction on the variations of fair weather AEF data according to the meteorological parameters like air pressure, temperature and relative humidity, could weaken its meteorological effect and thus help to study the variations of AEF. The reduction effectively suppresses the annual variation, but the shape of the diurnal variation remains the same, and is widely different from the Carnegie Curve. Finally, the seasonal effects of diurnal variations are analyzed. The most distinctive characteristics of the fair weather AEF here is that the pattern of diurnal variations exhibits a double fluctuation, which is modulated by the sunrise and sunset effect. The phase of the diurnal curve has a little shift with seasons.     

基于假设性检验的地面大气电场预警阀值确定方法

采用假设性检验的方法,利用电场幅值法和电场差分幅值法两种方法,分别检验了闪电发生前10 min与雷暴整个过程的电场信号是否存在显著性差异,结果显示均存在显著性差异,并进一步得到了电场幅值和电场差分两种预警方法的初步阈值。经过对多个典型雷暴天气的研究,调整了两种预警方法的初步阀值,确定金华地区大气电场幅值阀值为±4.0 kV/m(简称"新电场幅值阀值"),电场差分阈值为±1.0 kV/m。通过与现第三级电场幅值阀值(±7.0 kV/m)相比较,两种预警方法的漏报现象均有明显改善。新电场幅值阀值预警与现第三级电场幅值阀值相比,报警率从31.2%提高到84.0%;电场差分阀值预警的报警率提高到99.0%。总的来说,两种预警方法的预警时间段与闪电定位系统探测闪电(实际闪电)的发生时间段基本一致,但首次报警时间均滞后于首次探测的闪电发生时间,这也易存在一定的漏报现象。新电场幅值阀值与电场差分阀值两种预警方法相比较,新电场幅值阀值预警的报警次数明显多于实际闪电次数,易造成多次报警;而电场差分阀值预警的报警次数与实际闪电次数更为接近。     

Variations in the atmospheric electric field at tropical station during 1930–1987

The variations noticed in the atmospheric electric field recorded at Pune (18o32’N, 73o51’E, 559 m ASL), a tropi-cal inland station located in Deccan Plateau, India, during the period 1930-1987, have been examined in relation to the variations observed in the Angstrom turbidity coefficient (β) and selected meteorological parameters. The month-ly and annual mean values of the atmospheric electric field, Angstrom turbidity coefficient (β), rainfall, temperature and relative humidity for the years 1930-1938, 1957-1958, 1964-1965, 1973-1974 and 1987 were considered in the study.The results of the above study indicated gradual increases in the atmospheric electric field over the period of study (1930-1987) which is statistically significant at less than 5% level. The increases noticed during different periods varied from 30 to 109 %. The increase noticed during the period (1930-1938) and (1973-1974) was maximum (109%). The Angstrom turbidity coefficient also showed systematic increases during the period of study, which is consistent. The diurnal curve of the atmospheric electric field at the station by and large, showed a double oscillation, which is generally observed in the continental environments.     

Lunar perturbations in variations of earth angular velocity and atmospheric pressure

The analysis of the contribution of lunar declination variations to the total variance of air pressure anomalies at meteorological stations of the global network is carried out on the basis of the data of daily observations. It is demonstrated that the changes in the declination of the Moon while moving around the Earth is accompanied by nonrandom variations of atmospheric pressure. Their manifestation depends significantly on the season and geographic latitude. The contribution of the lunar effect to the total variance of pressure anomalies is spatially inhomogeneous and amounts to 40% and more in the basic centers. The maximum effect is reached in the late spring or early summer in the corresponding hemisphere: in May and June in the Northern Hemisphere and in October and November in the Southern Hemisphere.     

山西省中北部地区近地面晴天大气电场特征及其与污染物的关系

对2013—2015年山西省大气电场监测系统8个观测站点的观测数据进行了统计分析。着重分析了山西省中北部地区近地面晴天大气电场的时间变化特征,以及大气电场与SO2、NO2、PM10、PM2.5浓度的相关性。结果表明:8个站的日变化均为双峰双谷型,具有典型的大陆型大气电场特征。第一个波谷均出现在04:00—06:00(北京时,下同),第二个波谷出现在12:00—16:00,下午的波谷略低于早晨;第一个波峰出现在07:00—10:00,第二个波峰出现在19:00—21:00,傍晚的值略低于上午。日变化与太阳对地面的辐射和人类活动保持较好的一致。8个站的大气电场年变化为单峰单谷型,波谷出现在夏季,波峰出现在冬季,春季和夏季、夏季和秋季的交界明显,秋季和冬季、冬季和春季的交界不明显。晴天大气电场的变化与大气中SO_2、PM_(2.5)的浓度有较好的一致性,呈正相关,与NO_2、PM_(10)的相关性较差或不相关。