基于信息熵的水文站网优化准则的应用与评价

将基于信息熵的四类水文站网优化准则,即熵-互信息(H-T)准则、联合熵-总相关(H-C)准则、联合熵-互信息-总相关(H-T1-C/H-T2-C)准则以及信息传递指数(TI)准则,应用于太湖西南山丘区雨量站网,对四类准则进行对比和评价。以2007—2016年日降水序列为样本,根据各优化准则,分别采用3种数值离散化方法计算站点秩次,分析秩次相关性、对多目标准则中指标权重的敏感性以及秩次年际变化。结果表明,H-C准则对应秩次的代表性最好,对指标权重的敏感度最低,秩次年际变化小;H-T2-C准则对指标权重最敏感,秩次年际变化显著。H-C准则有利于反映基于信息熵的基本优化原则(增大信息量和降低冗余度),而H-T2-C准则有利于体现决策偏好。     

基于信息熵的水文站网优化准则的应用与评价

将基于信息熵的四类水文站网优化准则,即熵-互信息(H-T)准则、联合熵-总相关(H-C)准则、联合熵-互信息-总相关(H-T1-C/H-T2-C)准则以及信息传递指数(TI)准则,应用于太湖西南山丘区雨量站网,对四类准则进行对比和评价。以2007—2016年日降水序列为样本,根据各优化准则,分别采用3种数值离散化方法计算站点秩次,分析秩次相关性、对多目标准则中指标权重的敏感性以及秩次年际变化。结果表明,H-C准则对应秩次的代表性最好,对指标权重的敏感度最低,秩次年际变化小;H-T2-C准则对指标权重最敏感,秩次年际变化显著。H-C准则有利于反映基于信息熵的基本优化原则(增大信息量和降低冗余度),而H-T2-C准则有利于体现决策偏好。     

基于博弈论综合权重模糊优选模型在地下水环境风险评价中的应用

地下水环境风险评价是地下水可持续利用的前提.目前,评价方法比较单一,主要为突变理论和单因素模糊理论,它们的控制变量数有限,不适用于多目标决策,同时也没有综合考虑主客观权重,评价结果不科学.本文针对以往评价方法的不足,应用基于主客观综合权重的多层多目标模糊可变优选模型评价.模型采用熵权法计算客观权重,二元对比法确定主观权重,并利用博弈论集结模型推导计算了综合权重,并以海河流域地下水环境为例进行了风险评价.计算实例表明,该模型能较好地考虑评价指标的主客观权重,适用于多层多目标评价系统.     

熵权法在水资源与水环境评价中的研究进展

随着人口增长和经济社会的发展,水资源的供需矛盾日益增多,对水资源进行合理开发、高效利用、优化配置、全面节约、有效保护、综合治理是至关重要的新任务。熵权法是研究水资源可持续利用的重要方法,可以剔除指标体系中对评价结果贡献较小的指标,减少人为因素对于主观权重的影响,其计算结果真实准确,能够客观地反映水资源与水环境的现状,因此被广泛应用于水资源与水环境评价中,从而为水资源的高效利用及水环境的综合评价提供科学依据。本文对熵权法的由来及在水资源与水环境评价中的发展进程进行了探讨,重点对熵权法在水资源量、水资源承载力、水环境质量和水生态环境评价四个方面的应用进行了讨论和总结,并发现熵权法在水资源与水环境评价中有着良好的应用前景;同时,针对当前熵权法在水资源与水环境评价中存在的不足,提出了改进建议,为水资源与水环境评价的研究方向提供了新思路。除此之外,对熵权法的未来进行了展望：熵权法可与其他方法创新结合共同使用,构建合理全面的评价指标体系,在水资源利用发展趋势、时空格局演变等领域推广应用。     

基于熵权的模糊综合评价法在公路洪灾风险评价中的应用

公路洪灾是一个多因素耦合的复杂系统,本文针对公路洪灾风险的复杂性、模糊性及不确定性,构造了基于熵权的模糊综合评价模型,通过熵权使权重由主观判断转为由各指标数据之间的关系来确定,从危险性和易损性两方面选取24个评价因子,定量地对重庆境内渝黔高速公路进行洪灾风险评价。评价结果表明,熵权模糊综合评价法是科学可行的,为公路洪灾风险趋势预测以及风险等级划分提供了良好的分析方法,在实践中具有一定的应用价值。     

基于熵权的属性识别模型在地下水源地水质评价中的应用

为克服在一般水质综合评价过程中确定评价指标权重系数带有专家打分法的主观偏向性,利用Shannon熵理论客观地确定出水质评价指标的熵权系数,并结合程乾生提出的属性识别理论建立了基于熵权的地下水源地水质属性识别模型。首先,建立属性空间矩阵并确定权重,然后计算属性测度,最后利用置信度准则和评分准则对模型做出评价并给出了应用实例。该模型和作者应用SPA模型的评价结果具有很好的一致性。      

深基坑支护方案评价的逼近理想解模型及其应用

对于深基坑支护系统方案评价提出一种新的方法,以避免主观判断的不确定性和随意性。针对传统信息系统项目评标中单纯由主观判断确定指标权重方法的不足,提出了将主观判断与客观情况相结合、定性、定量相结合的熵权法来确定指标的权重系数,进而将逼近理想解法与熵权法综合集成进行合理方案的评价。将该方法应用于深基坑支护系统方案过程评价的实践,取得了较为满意的结果。     

基于EW-AHP和未确知测度理论的崩塌危险性评价

危险性评价和预测是崩塌灾害防治工作的重要内容。为了解决传统危险性评价中指标权重确定方法的不足以及影响因素的不确定性,本文以G4217线汶川-理县段公路沿线发育的崩塌为例,据其特有的地质环境条件,选取坡向、坡度等12项影响因子作为崩塌危险性评价指标,并建立了危险性分级标准。将熵权法（EW）和层次分析法（AHP）耦合在一起,确定了崩塌影响因子的权重,采用基于EW-AHP和未确知测度理论的综合评价模型,对研究区内20个崩塌进行危险性评价,并与现场调查结果和熵权法（EW）的评价结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明:该模型的评价结果更符合实际情况,评价方法合理有效,可为今后崩塌危险性预测提供新思路。     

基于熵权优化法的地下空间资源地质适宜性评价

对城市地下空间资源进行科学、合理的评价,是有效利用地下空间资源、编制地下空间规划的重要依据。基于影响地下空间资源开发利用的地质条件,分别构建了普通因子和敏感因子的地下空间资源地质适宜性评价体系,并对指标体系加以量化,采用熵权法计算指标权重,并利用AHP对熵权法进行优化。在此基础上,利用多目标线性加权函数法和最不利等级判别法进行地下空间地质适宜性评价,并以广东深圳市南山区为例开展地下空间资源评价。评价结果表明,深圳市南山区地下空间资源适宜性好的区域占47.81%,适宜性一般的区域占43.63%,适宜性差的区域仅占1.92%,禁建区占3.30%。该评价结果可为深圳市南山区的地下空间规划提供参考,评价模型和权重确定方法对未来地下空间资源地质适宜性评价具有一定借鉴意义。     

鄂北水资源配置工程受水区供水安全评价

基于"驱动力—压力—状态—影响—响应"模型构建了包含自然条件、生活用水压力等11个要素及19个指标的供水安全评价指标体系,以鄂北水资源利用情况与供水特征为基础,运用层次分析法-熵权法耦合得出指标权重,并采用模糊综合评价法、TOPSIS法和灰色关联分析法对研究区供水安全程度进行评价.研究结果表明2015年、2019年和2...     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861