The existence of a ‘gap’ in the evolutionary sequence of pulsars

A replot of period derivative against period is done for about 300 pulsars, and the main features of the plot are discussed. The significance of a gap in this plot is reexamined and the existence of pulsars with nulling and subpulse drifting behaviour below this gap is pointed out. The implications of this for pulsar evolution are also discussed.     

Containment of an adiabatic plasma on magnetic lines of force by a self-generated electrostatic field

One component of a three-fluid adiabatic plasma is under certain conditions contained in a restricted region of space by a large-scale electrostatic field generated within the plasma. The containment is discussed here for plasma consisting of ions and two populations of electrons characterized by different pitch angle distribution functions.The bouncing motion of electrons along open fieldlines between a magnetic mirror and an electrostatic mirror produces a velocity distribution function similar to that generated by bouncing particles on closed fieldlines.     

Структура и эволюция Сверхмассивных вращающихся магнитных политроп

. - . . , . - . - , , , -. ., , .

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The structure of rotating magnetic polytropes is considered in Roche approximation. Investigation of the influence of poloidal as well as toroidal magnetic fields on the conditions of the beginning of matter outflow due to rotational instability is carried out. The influence of the turbulent convection and twisting of magnetic force-lines on the time of smoothing of differential rotation is considered. The estimate of the magneto-turbulence energy generated by differential rotation is presented. Both maximum possible energy output and duration of the quasi-statical evolution phase up to the appearance of hydrodynamic instability due to the effects of general relativity are calculated for supermassive magnetic polytropes of index three with uniform or differential rotation. The radius-mass relation is obtained for supermassive differentially-rotating magnetic polytropes referring to the longest part of the quasi-statistical evolution stage; some consequences are pointed out, including the period-luminosity relation.The evolution of the considered models of supermassive rotating magnetic polytropes with different character of rotation and different geometry of a magnetic field is discussed.The results obtained are summarized in the last section.

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English translation will appear in the next issue ofAstrophys. Space Sci.

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Receipt delayed by postal strike in Great Britain     

Ускорение релятивистских электронов в плазменных реакторах и нелинейные спектры космических радиоисточников

( , 1977; , 1977). , , , . .     

A possible radio emission mechanism for pulsars

The magnetic field in the neutron-proton-electron (npe) layer of a neutron star is caused by quasi-stationary vortex current of superconducting and normal protons relative to the normal electrons. The same current generates the radio emission due to the Josephson effect. The radiation propagates in the magnetically-active medium and goes out the crust through the cracks to the magnetosphere (npe-layer is optically thick layer). As a result the hot radiospots on the star surface develop and a resulting polarized radiation pattern near the magnetic poles is formed. The cross-section of this radiation pattern gives the observed pulse structure of the pulsar. The variations of quasi-stationary vortex current can result in the amplitude-frequency variations of the radiation spectrum due to specific properties of the radiation mechanism. From this we have the variations of the fine spectrum structure, pulse amplitude and pulse structure and the correlation of them with the spectral index variations of pulsars in this model.     

Interplanetary dust particles and solar wind

An effect of the solar wind on the motion of interplanetary dust particles is investigated. An equation of motion is derived. It is pointed out that the Pseudo-Poynting-Robertson effect (and its special case — a corpuscular drag) and the corpuscular sputtering represent in reality one and the same effect within the framework of special relativity. In this context perturbation equations of celestial mechanics are also discussed.     

турбулентноштб в космологии

=qr, I II (Marochniket al., 1975 a, b), . , II; , . , , ye , . . t _g.     

Равновесие, устойчивость и эволюия вращающегося замагниченного газового диска

. ]Qi . , r=r. . , . H>2G, — , . , . . .

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The exact solutions for the equilibrium of rotating gaseous disk with poloidal magnetic field are obtained. The stability of the disk with respect to uniform expansion and contraction is investigated by means of the variational principle. It is shown that if the equilibrium is determined by gravitational and magnetic forces only, the disk is in neutral equilibrium with respect to perturbations of the form r=r. The instability to short-waves perturbations is studied by the quasi-classical method. The analysis shows that if the magnetic field isH>2G, where is the surface density, then these perturbations are stabilized. The configurations of the electrical field induced by the rotation of magnetized disk are found. In conclusion, the questions of the evolution of the disk are discussed in connection with the quasar model when pulsar-like radiation is taken into account.

     

Dynamical and kinematical near homoaxial rotations suitable for representation of nonuniformly rotating stars with extended atmospheres

In this paper, a nontrivial velocity tensor is suitably defined to represent in the common frame the so-called classes of dynamical and kinematical near homoaxial rotations of a deformable finite material continuum. These classes have simple and interesting physical interpretation, especially for treating of nonuniform rotation and its applications to astrophysics. Some important subclasses and derived classes (in the sense of related superclasses) are also discussed.Two coordinate systems are further introduced, one of which rotates uniformly while the other rotates nonuniformly, the latter defined by means of a generalized orthogonal coordinate transformation. Suitable conditions are then given, asserting that the above systems are preferred in the sense of preserving the motion of the continuum in its inertial class.Finally, the required concepts of homotropy and distributivity are defined and the method, by which the established mathematical framework will be subsequently used in applications, is discussed.     

Перенос резонансного излучения И случайные ълуждания Фотонов

. . .

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Transfer of resonance radiation in infinite medium is considered as a process of random walks of photons. Close relation is shown to exist between the problems of transfer of line radiation and the stable distributions of the probability theory. This relation is used as a basis of a new method for the investigation of the asymptotic properties of the radiation field far from the sources.

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Does Einstein's relationE=mc 2arise from the metric?

In this Letter we propose to consider the four-energy-space whose coordinates are composed as follows: (i) the coordinate ⁰ refers to the internal energy of the body (it is involved as an unknown function of the rest-energy and the kinetic energy of the body), and (ii) the coordinates ¹, ², ³ relate to the presence of gravitational, electromagnetic, and thermal energy at the location of the body respectively. We involve yet the proper energy interval d² by analogy to the four-interval ds ² in general relativity. From such metric field we calculate the Ricci tensor in the simplest case. In addition, we require its form to be the same one as that considered by Schwarzschild. Comparing both solutions we obtain Einstein's relationE=mc ².     

Моду ляционная неустойчивость нелинейньiх волн в релятявистской плазме с учетом нелинейного затухания ландау

i , i i , , . i . : (T _e 0,5MeV) (T _e 0,5 MeV) . - i 2.3 keV i , i : . i , , 2c/ _pi . , . - .     

A plasma-emission mechanism for type I solar radio emission

A theory for type I emission is developed based on fundamental plasma emission due to coalescence of Langmuir waves with low-frequency waves. The Langmuir waves are attributed to energetic electrons trapped in a magnetic loop over an active region. It is argued that the low-frequency waves should be generated in connection with the heating of the region. The continuum can be explained in terms of Langmuir waves generated by a gap distribution formed through collisional losses over a timescale of several tens of minutes. Bursts are attributed to local enhancements in the Langmuir turbulence associated with a loss-cone instability. No triggering mechanism for the bursts is identified. It is predicted that if the continuum is due to a large source then its brightness temperature should rise over several tens of minutes to a value which is roughly independent of frequency and of position across the source and which should not exceed 3 × 10⁹ K. For bursts, it is predicted that a fainter second harmonic component should accompany bright bursts.     

Метагалактические протоны сверхвысоких энергий

, . 2.7°- . . . E3×10¹⁹ (1.6) .     

Рассеяние света на анизотропных частицах

, — . , , . , , .     

Взаимооействие Излучения Рентгеновскооо Истооника с АтмосФерой Нормальной Звезды в Тесных Двойных Системах

, . : , . , . . ( ) . . . HZ Her=Her X1, . . , . , ., hv 15–30 . , . Sco X1 .     

Околозвездные оБлака по данным 2800 Mgii

2800 Mgii (. 1). (N ⁺/N ₁1000) , , (N ⁺/N ₁10). , . —, , . — . : ; 0.002 1 , 0.1 ; () 100 ^–3; ; ; , 10 ; 10^–4 1 . 2800 Mgii .     

Сопоставление модели карлсона с моделью сплошной среды

, (1962, 1963) . , (1) (2) .     

On the stability of strongly non-homogeneous self-gravitating equilibria

The stability analysis of several stronglynon-homogeneous, self-gravitating, one-dimensionalunstable equilibrium systems is carried out with the help of numerical techniques. The evolution of the perturbed unstable equilibria is studied by following the motion of the boundary curves of water bag configurations defining the systems.It is found that initial perturbations drive the unstable equilibrium states out of equilibrium at rates depending on the typical scale length of the perturbations : the instability rates increase with .     

Cyclotron wave instability in the corona and origin of solar radio emission with fine structure

The longitudinal waves (Bernstein modes and plasma waves near the hybrid frequency) in a mixture of equilibrium coronal plasma and a small group of energetic electrons are investigated. The energetic electrons have a nonequilibrium momentum distribution inherent in trapped particles. The frequency dependence of the cyclotron instability increments is studied. Attention is paid to a significant role of the relativistic effects for the cyclotron instability of longitudinal waves. For sufficiently large velocity of nonequilibrium electrons the increments are shown to increase when the hybrid frequency coincides with one of the gyrofrequency harmonics (double plasma resonance). The results obtained are used in Parts II and III to explain tadpoles and zebra-pattern in solar radio bursts.