机载LIDAR技术的优势及应用前景研究

机载三维激光雷达测量(以下简称机载LIDAR—Light Detection and Ranger)技术是继GPS以来在测绘领域的又一场技术革命,它以高精度、高密度、高效率、产品丰富等特点在测绘领域得到较好的应用和广泛的关注,具有巨大的发展空间和潜力,它代表了测绘领域又一个新时代的到来。本文着重介绍了机载LIDAR的测量原理、技术特点,进而总结出机载LIDAR技术优势和应用前景。     

机载LIDAR系统原理及应用综述

机载LIDAR系统是一种主动式对地观测系统,主要由IMU/DGPS系统、激光扫描测距系统和成像装置所组成。目前常用的扫描方式有:有线扫描、圆锥扫描和纤维光学阵列扫描等3种扫描方式。文中论述了机载LIDAR系统的原理和工作流程,并对目前的几种LIDAR系统、LIDAR系统与INSAR、摄影测量等做了分析和比较。对机载LIDAR系统的应用现状和前景进行了系统总结和展望。     

机载激光LiDAR RIEGL LMS-Q1560扫描系统飞行及预处理研究

LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging)系统是一种能够直接快速且高精度获取DSM(数字表面模型)数据的激光探测及测距系统,从功能上讲,LiDAR是一种集激光,全球定位系统(GPS)和惯性导航系统(INS)三种技术于一身的系统,也就是将定位及定向测量相结合的激光测量系统.本文主要介绍了我公司通过实验生产,获取及预处理机载激光LIDAR RIEGL LMS-Q1560扫描系统点云数据的方法.     

LIDAR技术在海岛礁、滩涂测绘中的应用

LIDAR集激光测距技术、计算机技术、IMU/DGPS技术于一体,是一种崭新的革命性的测量工具,在三维空间信息的实时获取方面产生了重大突破.LIDAR具有自动化程度高、受天气影响小、数据生产周期短、测量精度高等特点,有传统摄影测量和地面常规测量技术无法取代的优越性,为获取高时空分辨率地球空间信息提供了一种全新的技术手段.本文将分析LDAR的技术系统,并以江苏沿海滩涂为例研究LIDAR技术在海岛礁、滩涂测绘中的应用.     

神经网络技术在LIDAR测高数据处理中的应用

介绍了先进的激光雷达测量技术,其缺点之一是LIDAR测高数据存在系统偏差。介绍了系统偏差补偿的传统方法思路,如附加系统参数法和最小二乘配置法等。论述了神经网络BP算法的思想及其补偿系统偏差的原理,并列出了BP算法的具体网络模型结构与计算步骤。结合一个具体工程实例,在系统偏差利用神经网络方法补偿之后,LIDAR测高精度有较大提高。最后,得出了一些有益的结论。     

应用LIDAR数据中提取电网信息方法初探

机载LIDAR系统作为新一代的航空遥感系统,集成了DGPS、Imu、激光扫描仪、航空数码相机、中心控制单元等设备,具有十分广泛的用途。介绍了机载LIDAR系统的原理及组成,然后以利用LIDAR数据提取电网信息进行电力巡线项目为例,介绍如何在LIDAR数据中提取关于电网的信息以及与之密切相关的其他的地面要素的方法。展望了机载激光雷达技术在电力巡线领域中的应用前景。     

LIDAR在林业测量中的应用与研究

LIDAR测量是近年来出现的一种新的测量模式,本文主要介绍了该技术相对于目前林业测量常用的航空摄影测量技术的优越性,以及其在林业测量中的应用前景。     

LIDAR在林业测量中的应用与研究

LIDAR测量是近年来出现的一种新的测量模式,本文主要介绍了该技术相对于目前林业测量常用的航空摄影测量技术的优越性,以及其在林业测量中的应用前景。     

LIDAR标准数据格式(LAS)的解析与处理

LIDAR(Light Detection And Ranging)是近年来兴起的一种快速获取地物目标三维信息的主动遥感技术。LAS格式是测量与遥感(ASPRS)协会下属的LIDAR委员会制定的标准LIDAR数据格式,该格式是目前最常用的LIDAR数据存储格式,可以比较好地解决多属性离散激光点云数据的存储问题。具有结构严谨、便于扩展等优点。LAS格式先后有1.0,1.1,1.2,1.3四个版本。本文研究的内容是基于1.2版本,在对LAS格式进行解析的基础上,采用C++语言开发相应的读写功能,实现对数据的读取、修改、转换等常规处理。     

基于城市防洪排涝LIDAR数据处理及易涝区提取方法研究

由LIDAR技术获取点云并处理制作的DEM成果,以其特有的高精度特点不仅能满足易涝区域数据提取,还能直观展现精确的城市地表起伏形态。结合台州市第一次地理国(市)情普查项目专题——"防洪排涝"对城市易涝区域的LIDAR点云及DEM数据提出的要求,研究了将LIDAR点云制作成为DEM技术的快速实现方法,论述了基于LIDAR DEM提取城市易涝区域数据的技术手段。     

LIDAR Data Filtering and DTM Interpolation Within GRASS

LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is one of the most recent technologies in surveying and mapping. LIDAR is based on the combination of three different data collection tools: a laser scanner mounted on an aircraft, a Global Positioning System (GPS) used in phase differential kinematic modality to provide the sensor position and an Inertial Navigation System (INS) to provide the orientation. The laser sends towards the ground an infrared signal, which is reflected back to the sensor. The time employed by the signal, given the aircraft position and attitude, allows computation of the earth point elevation. In standard conditions, taking into account the flight (speed 200–250 km/hour, altitude 500–2,000 m) and sensor characteristics (scan angle ± 10–20 degrees, emission rate 2,000–50,000 pulses per second), earth elevations are collected within a density of one point every 0.5–3 m. The technology allows us therefore to obtain very accurate (5–20 cm) and high resolution Digital Surface Models (DSM). For many applications, the Digital Terrain Model (DTM) is needed: we have to automatically detect and discard from the previous DSM all the features (buildings, trees, etc.) present on the terrain. This paper describes a procedure that has been implemented within GRASS to construct DTMs from LIDAR source data.     

结合强度信息的LIDAR数据滤波方法

机载激光扫描系统可以直接生成扫描区域的数字表面模型,但是为了提取数字地面模型还须对LIDAR数据进行滤波处理。本文分析了用坡度法对机载LIDAR数据进行滤波的不足,并结合LIDAR数据中的强度信息,提出了一种结合强度信息的LIDAR数据滤波方法。与坡度法相比,该方法提高了滤波的精度和效率。试验结果表明该方法计算速度快,并能够有效地滤除LIDAR数据中的地物。     

基于ALS50的海岛(礁)测绘生产研究

开展海岛(礁)测绘工作对于国家的经济发展和国防安全具有重要的意义,主要介绍了LIDAR(Light Detection And Ranging)技术的原理以及其优点,并研究了基于ALS50的海岛(礁)测绘生产流程.     

基于LiDAR数据的图像边缘检测

机载激光雷达技术(Light Detection And Ranging,LiDAR)是一种集激光测距、计算机、全球定位系统和惯性导航系统等技术于一身的崭新技术,用于获取高精度、高密度的3维坐标数据.本文以机载LiDAR技术获得的数据为例,通过应用POS软件、Terra和LPS模块获得所需要的图像,并得到预期所需的图像边缘.     

LIDAR Validation Using GIS: A Case Study Comparison between Two LIDAR Collection Methods

Abstract

In the summer of 2000, the Annapolis Valley of Nova Scotia, Canada was selected for a high‐resolution elevation survey utilizing LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging). Two different LIDAR systems were used to acquire data for the area. The vertical accuracy specification for the survey called for heights to be within an average of 15 cm of measured GPS heights and 95% of the data to be within 30 cm. Prior to the application of these data to geoscientific problems, extensive validation procedures were employed. High precision GPS and traditional surveys were conducted to collect height validation checkpoints. Two validation methods were developed in a GIS environment that involved comparing the checkpoints to the original LIDAR points and to an interpolated “bald earth” DEM. A systematic height error between flight lines for one of the LIDAR methods was detected that related to the calibration procedures used in the survey. This study highlights the differences between laser systems, calibration and deployment methodologies and emphasizes the necessity for independent validation data.     

Automatic extraction of building roofs using LIDAR data and multispectral imagery

Automatic 3D extraction of building roofs from remotely sensed data is important for many applications including city modelling. This paper proposes a new method for automatic 3D roof extraction through an effective integration of LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data and multispectral orthoimagery. Using the ground height from a DEM (Digital Elevation Model), the raw LIDAR points are separated into two groups. The first group contains the ground points that are exploited to constitute a ‘ground mask’. The second group contains the non-ground points which are segmented using an innovative image line guided segmentation technique to extract the roof planes. The image lines are extracted from the grey-scale version of the orthoimage and then classified into several classes such as ‘ground’, ‘tree’, ‘roof edge’ and ‘roof ridge’ using the ground mask and colour and texture information from the orthoimagery. During segmentation of the non-ground LIDAR points, the lines from the latter two classes are used as baselines to locate the nearby LIDAR points of the neighbouring planes. For each plane a robust seed region is thereby defined using the nearby non-ground LIDAR points of a baseline and this region is iteratively grown to extract the complete roof plane. Finally, a newly proposed rule-based procedure is applied to remove planes constructed on trees. Experimental results show that the proposed method can successfully remove vegetation and so offers high extraction rates.     

基于LabVIEW的GPS激光测距动态定位系统的数据采集平台的开发

介绍了GPS激光测距动态定位系统的功能及组成数据采集平台的各个软件模块,采用LabVIEW集成开发环境下设计的GPS激光测距动态定位系统的数据采集平台,实现了对GPS定位信息、激光测距信息和数字罗盘角度信息的采集、存储及实时显示。     

阿根廷圣胡安激光测距系统的SLR数据质量分析

利用自行研制的激光定轨软件CASMORD分析阿根廷圣胡安激光测距系统的SLR数据质量.结果表明,阿根廷圣胡安激光测距系统性能良好,具有较小的系统偏差(距离偏差和时间偏差),系统偏差稳定,随时间的变化较小,有效观测圈数和数据观测量处于全球台站前列;经系统偏差修正后,该系统达到了亚厘米级观测水平,具有较高的观测精度,可以为卫星的精密定轨提供在我国本土无法观测的轨道弧段的资料,为我国科学研究和国家的特殊需要提供必须的宝贵资料.     

LIDAR与DMC结合的无地面控制的航测新方法

LIDAR开辟了由空中直接获取高精度三维地面信息的新途径,获取数据的速率和精度大大提高,数据的应用范围更加广泛。DMC影像具有高分辨率,色调饱满,影像清晰、洁净,具有比传统扫描摄影胶片获得的影像具有更好的品质。本文介绍LIDAR与DMC的综合应用,提出一种无地面控制的航测新方法,能够经济而快速,高精度地获得测区的现势4D产品,对研究二者的综合应用有一定的参考意义。