同沉积褶皱生长地层中沉积与构造关系

生长地层详细记录了褶皱变形的运动学特征及发展演化过程。对同沉积褶皱的生长地层进行详细的几何学分析,结合地层年代学资料,可以揭示沉积与构造的相互影响,确定沉积速率与构造抬升速率的细微变化,及褶皱的活动期次。构造抬升速率和沉积速率的变化,可引起生长地层的上超、超覆和退覆。褶皱的形成可分为膝折带迁移和翼部旋转2种模式。以膝折带迁移为变形机制的褶皱,发展过程中翼部倾角不变,褶皱顶部与翼部的抬升速率相同,形成翼部平行状生长地层;以翼部旋转为变形机制的褶皱,发展过程中翼部长度不变,沿翼部各点的抬升速率呈线性变化,形成翼部楔状的生长地层。     

塔里木盆地塔北隆起英买2号背斜的成因机制与构造模型

英买力低凸起位于塔北隆起西部,是重要的含油气区域。英买2号背斜的研究与认识对于揭示区域构造演化及南部多个内幕型碳酸盐岩背斜的成因机制具有重要意义。本文运用断层相关褶皱原理及平衡剖面等方法,对英买2号背斜的地震剖面进行解释及复原。研究表明,英买2号背斜为固定翼长的滑脱褶皱,滑脱面位于中寒武统下部塑性层中,背斜演化经历了宽缓斜坡、起伏南倾、构造逆冲、稳定沉降掩埋和调整改造等5个阶段。背斜开始隆升时间为奥陶纪末期,地层缩短量为400～700 m,在海西末期隆升后遭受严重剥蚀,后期发育具传播性质的断层,伴有2期生长构造发育,背斜的前翼发生翼部旋转,发育生长三角,后翼有上超现象,体现了不同时期沉积速率的变化,也反映了后期构造活动的阶段性与持续性。     

珠江口盆地白云凹陷东沙25凸起构造演化

隆起带的形成和演化分析对于油气勘探具有重要的指导意义。通过对比生长地层法、沉降史回剥技术和剩余构造沉降3种构造演化的手段,旨在全面揭示东沙（DS）25凸起的演化历史。依据生长地层的厚度、地层反射终端等特征划分出白云凹陷DS25凸起演化的主要阶段;运用回剥法恢复DS25凸起的沉降历史和与周缘地区的沉降差异;结合剩余构造沉降分析,定量判断隆起的抬升、沉降和差异沉降作用及发育时期。在对以上3种方法对比综合的基础上,综合生长地层指示的重要构造变革界面、沉降史恢复和剩余构造沉降精细划分的沉降阶段和构造运动形式,重建DS25凸起演化过程,并提出以下5个演化阶段：65～30 Ma,凸起顶部遭受强烈剥蚀;30 Ma左右,凸起发生大规模抬升;30～23.8 Ma,发生微弱沉降;23.8～10.5 Ma,发生差异沉降,并出现三幕强烈沉降;10.5 Ma至今,凸起经历持续抬升。     

松辽盆地大庆长垣形成时间的厘定及其地质意义

大庆长垣位于松辽盆地北部一级构造单元中央坳陷区内,是松辽盆地中隆升幅度最高、规模最大的背斜,由于其含有十分丰富的油气资源,长期以来备受瞩目,但其形成时间一直存在很大争议。通过对大庆长垣二维、三维地震剖面解析,应用生长地层理论,厘定大庆长垣的形成时间,并探讨其地质意义。研究发现:大庆长垣呈近NNE走向,为一个与近NWW—SEE向挤压作用有关的大型背斜。大庆长垣背斜北部嫩江组—明水组(T_1-T_(02))、中部嫩江组四段—明水组(T_(05)-T_(02))、南部四方台组—明水组(T03-T02)自构造高部位向低部位厚度逐渐增大,为与大庆长垣背斜隆升相伴沉积的一套生长地层;下伏地层在大庆长垣背斜顶部、翼部及两侧向斜部位厚度基本相等,具有前生长地层特征。大庆长垣背斜自嫩江组沉积初期受到近NWW—SEE向挤压作用开始隆升,一直持续到明水组沉积末期,但大庆长垣背斜不同构造部位的隆升时间、隆升速率及隆升高度都有所不同。松辽盆地晚白垩世的挤压作用可能与太平洋板块的俯冲作用有关,对油气的运移和聚集成藏有很大的影响。     

塔里木盆地巴楚隆起北缘阿恰基底卷入构造

塔里木盆地巴楚隆起为第四系不整合覆盖的古隆起,在其西北缘发育NW走向的阿恰断裂、萨拉姆布拉克背斜、向斜和隐伏的乔来麦提断裂。地震剖面和钻井资料显示,阿恰断裂为倾向南的基底卷入逆冲断裂,向北逆冲,错断层位从前寒武系基底一直到中寒武统膏岩,从西向东逆冲断距减少。乔来麦提断裂则以中寒武统膏岩为滑动面,向南逆冲,并在断层端部发育萨拉姆布拉克断层扩展褶皱。这两种类型构造样式的断裂(基底卷入断裂和盖层滑脱断裂),在剖面上组成典型的楔形构造几何形态,平面上形成三角形构造。遥感影像解译指出阿恰断裂和萨拉姆布拉克向斜向北西方向延伸进入柯坪逆冲带,并在该带有相应方向的地表构造显现,与北东走向的柯坪逆冲带组成叠加构造。生长地层分析确定基底卷入构造形成于始新世—中新世,而柯坪逆冲带形成于第四纪,明显晚于巴楚隆起形成时代。     

构造事件的沉积响应——建立青藏高原大陆碰撞、隆升过程时空坐标的设想和方法

沉积盆地的地层形态、岩相类型以及空间配置样式是构造事件的重要标识，沉积序列中特征岩石组分的出现标志着毗邻造山带隆升的初始启动时间，与物源区地层单元垂向叠置序列相反或相同的岩屑组分剖面分布则是幕式构造旋回的反映，在前陆盆地中砾石层的出现被认为是冲断岩席活动的记录，而在断陷盆地和走滑拉分盆地中通常可识别出100m级的向上变粗和向上变细的旋回层，它们被解释为构造高地重复姓升和溯源侵蚀的结果，最近的研究工作表明，急剧的构造沉降主要是通过细粒级河湖相沉积补偿的，广泛的砾岩进积发生在构造活动的平静期，构造驱动的山脉隆升表现为砾岩地层呈楔状体，纵向河流水系发育；重力均衡回返所导致的山系隆升则形成以横向河流水系为主的板状砾岩沉积，从青藏高原腹地、周缘和外延海洋盆地的沉积记录中可获得取重大构造变革时期的信息，也许是解决目前有关印度与亚洲大陆碰撞、高原隆升等时性或穿时性以及限定陆内变形调节机制的一个重要手段。     

塔里木盆地库车坳陷西秋古隆起的形成及其演化

重力异常资料显示,库车坳陷南缘西秋构造带深层发育有基底隆起。本文通过地震资料解释确认了西秋构造带深层占隆起的结构,分析了占隆起的形成和演化过程。西秋构造带南侧边缘存在一条区域性基底断裂,断裂北侧新生界下伏中生界、古生界明显减薄或地层缺失,总体上表现为断背斜形态的古隆起构造。结合区域构造演化分析认为,泥盆纪~石炭纪(D-C)塔里木克拉通边缘隆升、二叠纪-三叠纪(P-T)受南天山负荷影响产生的克拉通边缘压陷的构造演化过程中,西秋构造带处于"跷跷板"式地壳升降运动的"支点"部位,发育古隆起和基底卷入高角度断层,晚期南天山隆升向南斜向推挤的挤压剪切应力场使古隆起边界断层复活,基底断裂活动并在新生界之下形成冲断隆起。     

青藏高原西北缘晚新生代构造变形研究

晚新生代,印亚碰撞的远程效应使青藏高原周缘发生了强烈的构造变形和隆升作用,然而不同学者对高原强烈构造变形和隆升时代的认识却大相径庭。本文通过对青藏高原西北缘晚新生代褶皱冲断带的构造变形、沉积作用、岩浆活动与地貌响应等的综合研究,依据古新统至中新统地层的连续沉积和产状的协调一致,提出青藏高原西北缘在古新世—中新世末并未发生区域性强烈的构造变形,并基于褶皱、生长地层、楔顶沉积和冲断带中局部不整合等标定青藏高原西北缘强烈构造变形的时代为上新世—早更新世,其中最强烈的构造变形发生于西域砾岩沉积结束阶段,即约1.1～0.7Ma的昆黄运动最终使中更新世以前地层全面褶皱-抬升,形成区域性的乌苏群与西域砾岩之间的角度不整合,这为青藏高原西北缘晚新生代的构造变形提供了关键的构造地质学证据;同时,根据磷灰石裂变径迹的研究成果提出青藏高原西北缘的主要隆升可能是在上新世—早更新世通过高原边缘的边界断层系以后展式逆冲扩展作用抬升形成的,并就裂变径迹热历史模拟的剥蚀厚度提出西域砾岩很可能主要来自高原边缘地形变化最剧烈的陡坡带,支持西域砾岩属构造成因的认识。     

准噶尔盆地南缘山前带阿什里背斜精细构造建模

准噶尔盆地南缘山前冲断带经历了多期叠加构造活动,构造变形特征复杂,对研究陆内造山变形机制具有重要意义。阿什里背斜处于北天山后方前陆部位,构造样式为分层滑脱变形体系控制的复式叠加背斜,垂向上包括浅层薄皮推覆构造系统和中深层复合构造楔系统。钻井和地震反射信息揭示,阿什里地区主要滑脱层为基底滑脱层,石炭系、二叠系泥岩层,中下侏罗统八道湾组、西山窑组煤层。阿什里背斜侏罗系底部不整合面受基底发育的叠加构造楔(由2~3个冲断席构成)控制,反冲断层之上石炭系-三叠系构成不对称背斜。阿什里西南大型石炭系推覆体之下发育泥盆系-石炭系组成的冲断席,构成(楔端点向上方突破的)构造楔。阿什里背斜北侧以一向斜与喀拉扎背斜过渡,指示冲断位移沿浅部滑脱层向北继续传播。阿什里及邻区发育的石炭系与三叠系-中下侏罗统不整合、二叠系内部不整合、二叠系与三叠系削截不整合、三叠系与侏罗系不整合、新近系与第四系不整合揭示了中-晚二叠世以来多期构造活动。其中,阿1井核部二叠系梧桐沟组之下钻遇的凝灰岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb同位素分析结果显示其年龄为289.1±7Ma(95%置信度),指示了晚海西期的构造活动。根据阿什里地区地震剖面的精细构造几何学、运动学解析,结合关键不整合面,划分了5个关键构造演化期次:中二叠世阿什里西南逆冲推覆形成古隆起;晚二叠世-晚三叠世阿什里地区存在两期小规模冲断活动;侏罗纪整体稳定沉降或弱坳陷;白垩纪-古近纪多幕隆升构造活动使阿什里地区沿基底发育叠加构造楔;中新世北天山剧烈造山活动中阿什里基底构造楔向北突破形成阿克屯-喀拉扎背斜。     

库车褶皱冲断带前缘盐层厚度对滑脱褶皱构造特征及演化的影响

库车褶皱冲断带前缘发育一系列滑脱褶皱,虽然卷入变形的新生代地层及底部滑脱层(古近系盐层)相同,但滑脱褶皱的构造特征及演化存在显著差异。文中结合野外地质调查结果以及钻井资料和高品质二维地震反射剖面解析,以南喀背斜和米斯坎塔克背斜为例,估算出盐层初始厚度,并讨论其对于滑脱褶皱样式及其演化过程的影响。结果表明,南喀背斜和米斯坎塔克背斜下伏盐层初始厚度不同,估算出前者厚度介于0.1~0.5 km,主要为0.1~0.3 km,而后者却大约为1.0 km。与此同时,南喀背斜和米斯坎塔克背斜均表现出分段差异变形特征。南喀背斜为低缓的滑脱褶皱,其东段隐伏地下,变形方式为褶皱作用;而西段出露地表,背斜核部发育隐伏的逆冲断层,变形方式为褶皱作用和断层作用。背斜西段平均隆升速率大于东段,导致西段隆升出露地表。米斯坎塔克背斜表现为大规模滑脱褶皱,根据变形特征的不同可以分为3段,东段背斜倾向北,盐岩在其核部及北翼下方聚集加厚;而中-西段背斜倾向南,其中中段背斜核部位置盐岩聚集加厚,两翼下伏盐岩减薄甚至形成盐焊接。而在西段背斜呈箱状,两翼下方盐岩厚度至少为1.0 km。笔者总结出库车褶皱冲断带前缘发育的7种滑脱褶皱变形样式,通过构造分析得出,研究区滑脱褶皱的变形主要受盐层厚度、构造缩短量及盐岩流动变形共同控制,其中盐层厚度起主导作用,控制了滑脱褶皱的发育位置,并影响了滑脱褶皱的变形样式。研究结果将为其他褶皱冲断带中滑脱褶皱的相关研究提供重要参考,特别是在缺少高品质地震资料,或者构造变形强烈、地震资料品质较差的地区。     

Neogene palaeoceanographic changes recorded in a carbonate contourite drift (Santaren Channel,Bahamas)

The Santaren Drift between the Great Bahama Bank and Cay Sal Bank (Bahamas) is closely linked to the development of the Gulf Stream and its shape and geometry record the local to global oceanographic, climatic and tectonic events since the Miocene. High‐resolution multichannel seismic data from the Santaren Channel allow detailed insight into the growth phases of the contourite drift, and by using the stratigraphic information from Ocean Drilling Program Site 1006 to infer its sedimentation rates. The results bring new understanding to this region and to interpretation of carbonate drifts. The data document that the signatures of a bottom current flow in the Santaren Channel initiated about 12·3 Ma, as indicated by the first occurrence of sheeted drifts and moat development at the northern part of the Santaren Channel. Narrowing and steepening of moat flanks as well as the pronounced upslope migration of the moat reflects a sustained current acceleration of the bottom currents until 5·5 Ma, associated with a transformation into mounded elongated drifts. Between 5·5 Ma and 3·1 Ma, bottom current intensity reached its maximum probably caused by the final closure of the Central American Seaway. The last 3·1 Myr were characterized by a marked increase in volume through flow reaching a maximum during the past 900 kyr. Drift growth was driven by the combined sources of export from the shallow‐water carbonate factory and by pelagic rain. The Middle Miocene channel‐related sheeted drift of the inner Santaren Channel is characterized by low accumulation rates, but a rapid increase of accumulation rates occurred during the Early Pliocene. The contourite drift buildup was disturbed by minor erosional phases with narrow moats in the Late Pliocene due to increasing bottom‐current velocities forced by strengthened Atlantic Ocean ventilation. The Early Pleistocene was dominated by increased periplatform sedimentation and margin progradation facilitated by a reduction in along‐slope current flow speed and a concurrent widening and flattening of the moats.     

构造事件的沉积响应—建立青藏高原大陆碰撞、隆升过程时空坐标的设想和方法

沉积盆地的地层形态、岩相类型以及空间配置样式是构造事件的重要标识.沉积序列中特征岩石组分的出现标志着毗邻造山带隆升的初始启动时间,与物源区地层单元垂向叠置序列相反或相同的岩屑组分剖面分布则是幕式构造旋回的反映.在前陆盆地中砾石层的出现被认为是冲断岩席活动的记录,而在断陷盆地和走滑拉分盆地中通常可识别出100m级的向上变粗和向上变细的旋回层,它们被解释为构造高地重复隆升和溯源侵蚀的结果.最近的研究工作表明,急剧的构造沉降主要是通过细粒级河湖相沉积补偿的,广泛的砾岩进积发生在构造活动的平静期.构造驱动的山脉隆升表现为砾岩地层呈楔状体,纵向河流水系发育;重力均衡回返所导致的山系隆升则形成以横向河流水系为主的板状砾岩沉积.从青藏高原腹地、周缘和外延海洋盆地的沉积记录中可获取重大构造变革时期的信息,也许是解决目前有关印度与亚洲大陆碰撞、高原隆升等时性或穿时性以及限定陆内变形调节机制的一个重要手段.     

海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷伸展断层转折褶皱作用及其对沉积作用的制约

海拉尔盆地是叠置于内蒙－大兴安岭古生代碰撞造山带之上的中新生代盆地,总体上呈北东向展布,由3坳、2隆5个一级构造单元组成,自西向东依次为扎贲诺尔坳陷、嵯岗隆起、贝尔湖坳陷、巴彦山隆起和呼和湖坳陷, 其中贝尔凹陷是贝尔湖坳陷南部的1个二级构造单元。贝尔凹陷的控陷断层为1个上凸、2个上凹断层转折组合构成的犁式正断层,在深部发育伸展双重构造。在犁式正断层上盘由于上凸断层转折产生的活动轴面与断层面为同旋向剪切,而上凹断层转折产生的活动轴面与断层面为反旋向剪切,在断层上盘形成2个背斜中间夹1个向斜的构造组合。由活动轴面与固定轴面之间滚动面的宽度确定控陷断层F₁在早白垩世南屯期晚期的水平伸展量为6 850 m。贝尔坳陷伸展断层转折褶皱的几何学和运动学特征,反映了断层滑移速率、构造沉降速率和沉积速率对凹陷内沉积地层变形特征的影响和构造活动对沉积作用和油气地质条件的制约。贝尔凹陷南屯组上段内部角度不整合的形成与变形作用中的剥蚀作用和沉积间断无关,而是由于半地堑从略欠补偿充填向过补偿充填状态转变时,沉积速率相对于构造沉降速率显著增加所致。     

Morphologic expression of Quaternary deformation in the northwestern foothills of the Ysyk-Köl basin,Tien Shan

The Tien Shan is one of the most active intracontinental mountain belts exhibiting numerous examples of Quaternary fault-related folding. To provide insight into the deformation of the Quaternary intermontane basins, the territory of the northwestern Ysyk-Köl region, where the growing Ak-Teke Anticline divided the piedmont apron of alluvial fans, is studied. It is shown that the Ak-Teke Hills are a sharply asymmetric anticline, which formed as a result of tectonic uplift and erosion related to motions along the South Ak-Teke Thrust Fault. The tectonic uplift gave rise to the local deviation of the drainage network in front of the northern limb of the fold. Optical (luminescent) dating suggests that the tectonic uplifting of the young anticline and the antecedent downcutting started 157 ka ago. The last upthrow of the high floodplain of the Toru-Aygyr River took place 1300 years ago. The structure of the South Ak-Teke Fault is examined by means of seismologic trenching and shallow seismic profiling across the fault. A laser tachymeter is applied to determine the vertical deformation of alluvial terraces in the Toru-Aygyr River valley at its intersection with the South Ak-Teke Fault. The rates of vertical deformation and an inferred number of strong earthquakes, which resulted in the upthrow of Quaternary river terraces of different ages, are calculated. The study territory is an example of changes in fluvial systems on growing folds in piedmont regions. As a result of shortening of the Earth’s crust in the mountainous belt owing to thrusting, new territories of previous sedimentation are involved in emergence. The tectonic activity migrates with time from the framing ridges toward the axial parts of intramontane basins.     

川东北地区通南巴背斜中三叠世以来构造变形时间厘定及其地质意义

通南巴背斜位于四川盆地东北部,中三叠世以来经历多期构造挤压与叠加作用,其形成与演化主要受到米仓山构造带由北西向南东冲断挤压作用的控制以及大巴山构造带由北东向南西构造叠加的影响,因此,厘定通南巴背斜的构造活动时间可以有效约束米仓山中三叠世以来陆内变形时间,亦对区域构造变形时序以及米仓山基底冲断变形特征有指示意义。本文以两条地质剖面为基础,刻画出背斜南翼中-上侏罗统旋转生长地层特征,表明地层发生褶皱的启动时间为中侏罗世晚期-晚侏罗世早期,并且通过长剖面解释,认为米仓山基底发育楔入冲断构造,楔端点位移沿前震旦系滑脱层向盆地扩展传递导致了通南巴背斜NE向构造的形成。磷灰石裂变径迹热模拟显示,通南巴背斜分别于晚白垩世早期(95~90 Ma)和新生代中晚期(~24 Ma)开始快速隆升剥蚀,隆升速率分别为0.06~0.085 mm/a和0.133 mm/a左右。通过汇总区域低温热年代学样品点,分区建立构造变形时空序列,得出川东北地区在中-晚侏罗世、白垩纪以及始新世-中新世分别发生一次米仓山由北向南的构造扩展以及大巴山由北东向南西的构造叠加作用。     

柴达木盆地西部新生代构造演化及其对青藏高原北部生长过程的制约

柴达木盆地是青藏高原北部的一个中新生代山间陆相含油气盆地,盆地内新生代地层的构造变形记录了青藏高原北部生长、地壳缩短及其形成过程的重要信息.本文运用高精度卫星影像资料、地球物理资料剖面和磁性地层年代学数据等多种学科资料的综合研究,重点对柴达木盆地西部逆冲-褶皱构造带的形成机制和演化过程进行了详细的解析.研究结果表明:(1)由北向南依次发育分布的红三旱、尖顶山-黑梁子、南翼山和油砂山褶皱构造带均由不对称的直立褶皱或同斜褶皱构成,并且显示出背斜相对紧闭、向斜宽缓的”侏罗山式”褶皱特征,表明其下部滑脱构造带的存在;(2)红三旱、尖顶山-黑梁子逆冲-褶皱构造SW翼缓NE翼陡的不对称褶皱形态显示出是由南向北的逆冲作用形成的;两翼相对较对称的南翼山褶皱形态是由NE-SW向双向逆冲作用形成的;SW翼陡(或地层倒转)NE翼缓的油砂山褶皱带是由NE-SW向双向逆冲挤出作用形成的反映出由北向南的逆冲作用的存在;(3)红三旱、尖顶山-黑梁子和南翼山褶皱构造带的初始生长地层依次为始新统下干柴沟组、上新统狮子沟组和更新统七个泉组,高精度磁性地层限定其沉积时代依次为～39.5Ma、～8.2Ma和～2.5Ma,这不仅代表了这些褶皱的初始形成时代,而且代表了其逆冲断裂的形成时代;油砂山褶皱构造带中七个泉组初始生长地层以及上地表发育的一系列现代水系发生了弯曲,表明该逆冲-褶皱构造带从～2.5Ma形成以来一直持续到现在迄今仍在生长;红山旱地区近SN向的直立褶皱以及柴西地区似穹窿状的叠加褶皱,反映出阿尔金断裂带走滑过程中伴随的近EW向挤压的结果;(4)综合柴西地区逆冲-褶皱带构造地貌、生长地层、地球物理剖面、磁性地层年代学等证据,表明柴西存在的一系列逆冲-褶皱带是由南向北的滑脱构造产生,具有后退式生长演化特征,表明印度/欧亚板块碰撞以来,～40Ma其远程效应已到达柴达木盆地北部,并形成红山旱逆冲-褶皱构造带,随后的持续挤压,高原北部呈现出局部向南后退生长特征,依次形成尖顶山、南翼山和油砂山逆冲-褶皱带,其中～2.5Ma以来强烈的近南北向挤压作用产生的南翼山和油砂山逆冲-褶皱带构成了现今的”英雄岭”;～ 8Ma以来的阿尔金断裂带的强烈走滑活动波及到了柴达木盆地.     

Dating the Tectonic Deformation since the Middle Triassic for the Tongnanba Anticline in the Northeastern Sichuan Basin and its Geological ImplicationsEI北大核心CSCD

Tongnanba anticline lies in the northeastern Sichuan Basin and experienced multi-stages tectonic compression and superimposition since the Middle Triassic. Its formation and evolution process are chiefly controlled by the squeezing and thrusting from the Micangshan structure belt from NW to SE and subjected to the tectonic superimposition from the Dabashan structure belt from NE to SW. Therefore, to confine the timing of Tongnanba anticline multi-stages deformation is of great effectiveness to constrain the timing of Micangshan intra-continental deformation since the Middle Triassic, and also provides significant indications to the regional tectonic time-space sequence and Micangshan basement-involved thrusting characteristics. In this paper, the anticline's south limb rotating growth strata within the Middle-Upper Jurassic, based on interpretation of two geological section, is featured, indicating that the folding of the strata started around the late Middle Jurassic-Early Late Jurassic and together with the interpretation of long seismic profile, we believe that basement-involved wedge-thrusting structure style is developed in Micangshan structure belt and the basin-ward movement of the displacement of the wedge tip along the Pre-sinian detachment layer results in the formation of the NE structure of Tongnanba anticline. Apatite fission track thermal simulation indicates that Tongnanba anticline started experiencing rapid uplifting and denudation in the early Late Cretaceous (95-90 Ma) and the Middle-Late Cenozoic (about 24 Ma) with uplift speed 0.06-0.085 mm/a and around 0.133 mm/a respectively. Through the summary of regional historical low temperature thermochronology data, geographical partition based tectonic time-space sequence is established, suggesting that northeastern Sichuan Basin experienced N-S basin-ward tectonic spreading from Micangshan structure belt and NE-SW tectonic super imposition from Dabashan structure belt during the Middle-Late Jurassic, Cretaceous and Eocene-Miocene respectively. © 2017, Science Press. All right reserved.     

Neotectonic evolution of the Tarim Basin Craton from Neogene to quaternary

The Tarim Basin Craton is located in the center of the Tarim Basin. Since the beginning of the Miocene, the tectonic activity has been weaker in the Tarim Basin Craton than in the marginal depression and the peripheral orogenic belts. This study investigates the tectonic movements in the Tarim Basin Craton by calculating the sedimentation rates and constructing balanced cross-sections based on well, seismic and geologic data. The tectonic movements in the Tarim Basin Craton have mainly been revealed by geological processes such as sedimentation and subsidence, structural inversion, changes in the structural feature, migration of the structural highs, and faulting. The Neogene sedimentary strata were mainly deposited in two sedimentation centers, the southern and northern sedimentation centers, and the strata in the Central Uplift Zone are relatively thin. The different depressions in different geological periods experienced wide variations in tectonic activity. Tectonic subsidence was significant and the sedimentation rates were high in the Tarim Basin Craton during the Pliocene Period (phase II). During the Neotectonic period, the stresses in the South-North direction converged in the Central Uplift Zone (the Bachu uplift–Central Tarim uplift), and the tectonic activity in this region was more intense than that in the Northern Depression and the Maigaiti Slope in the southwest. In addition, the scale of the paleo-uplift, including paleo-North Tarim Uplift and paleo-Central Uplift Zone, gradually decreased. The faults and fault systems developed zonationally in Neotectonic formations in different structural units, and always distributed discontinuously in vertical direction in sections.     

尼日尔三角洲盆地泥收缩构造发育特征及对沉积的控制

泥收缩构造是发育在尼日尔三角洲盆地深水区的典型构造样式,属重力滑脱冲断构造,主要构造类型有冲断裂、塑性泥构造及相关褶皱和正断裂。基于地震地质解释,结合构造发育史分析,认为泥收缩构造主要受塑性泥构造控制,在中新世托尔托纳(Tortonian)晚期开始活动,中新世墨西拿期(Messinian)—上新世赞克勒期(Zanclean)达到最强,之后构造活动逐渐减弱,但至今仍在活动。通过古构造恢复,结合沉积展布分析,认为中新世托尔托纳晚期沉积开始受构造活动控制,托尔托纳阶上部及以上地层具有明显的同沉积特征,泥收缩构造相关的冲断裂上升盘厚度明显小于下降盘厚度,褶皱两翼的地层厚度明显厚于中间背斜顶部的地层厚度。     

车排子凸起与沙湾凹陷过渡带的构造模型

车排子凸起位于准噶尔盆地扎伊尔山前,是夹持在南部四棵树凹陷和东部沙湾凹陷之间的三角构造带。然而对这个三角构造带是原地掩伏构造,山前推覆构造,还是走滑构造控制形成的认识存在争议。目前对于车排子凸起与沙湾凹陷过渡带的构造变形特征以及变形机制的认识尚不清楚。而过渡带是研究该区构造变形与演化的良好区域,精细研究该区域构造几何学与运动学对于揭示其构造变形机制以及认识盆山之间的关系具有积极作用,并对于该区油气勘探具有重要意义。本文以研究区的连片三维地震资料为基础,运用不整合面识别、轴面分析及平衡剖面等方法,对车排子凸起与沙湾凹陷过渡带进行精细的构造解析、建模与构造复原。研究表明,过渡带发育下二叠统（P₁j-P₁f）,中二叠统（P₂x-P₂w）,上二叠统（P₃w）,三叠系（T）,侏罗系（J）,白垩系（K）与古近系-第四系（E-Q）7个构造变形层序。发育佳木河组底部及石炭系内部滑脱层。深部（前二叠系）构造楔发育于整个过渡带,其个数和几何学形态的变化直接影响了上覆背斜形态。构造楔在早二叠世开始楔入,挤压作用持续至三叠纪末期。晚三叠世发育生长地层,显示了P-T构造层褶皱变形的时间,随后三叠纪末期,过渡带受到来自西北缘造山带方向的逆冲推覆构造的叠加作用,表现在后缘发育一系列叠瓦构造,推覆距离约为8 km,南部逆冲断层上盘二叠系-三叠系被剥蚀完全,北部残余少量下二叠统佳木河组。