关于鲁西侏罗纪-白垩纪岩石地层单位使用之我见

在中生代山东分为鲁东、鲁西、华北平原三个地层分区。鲁西地层分区在不同时期、不同研究者建立和使用了许多不同的岩石地层单位,使用比较混乱。本文对相关的岩石地层单位进行了讨论,提出了新的划分方案。侏罗系建议使用淄博群,划分为中、下侏罗统的坊子组和中、上侏罗统的三台组;白垩系建议使用下白垩统蒙阴组和西洼组;上白垩统固城组。其中固城组的时代根据所产化石由原来归为古新统而改为上白垩统。同时建议,废除“汶南(亚)组”和“分水岭(亚)组”,并且在鲁西地层分区不使用鲁东地层分区的“杨家庄组”、“曲格庄组”、“八亩地组”等岩石地层单位。     

山东省中生代地层分区、划分与对比

山东省中生代地层研究成果较多,但仍存在一些混乱。根据地层发育特征,本文首先将山东省中生代地层新划分为鲁西地层分区、鲁东地层分区和沂沭断裂带地层分区3个分区;然后对三叠系、侏罗系和白垩系的岩石地层单位进行了划分和对比,提出了新的地层划分和对比方案,并对鲁西地层分区白垩纪的岩石地层特征做了说明,以方便今后使用。     

山东省中生代地层划分与对比

对山东省中生代地层的研究表明：沂沐断裂带以西的鲁西南、鲁中、鲁北地区侏罗纪、白垩纪地层发育较全，而断裂带以东的钱是东地区仅发育白垩纪地层；断裂带两侧中生代地层的化石组合、火山岩特点等都相差很大。本文将沂沭断裂带以西的坊子组归于下－中侏罗纪，三台组归于中侏罗统，分水岭组暂归于上侏罗统、西洼组归于下白垩统；而将沂沐断裂带以东的莱阳组、青山组归于下白垩统。王氏组归于上白垩统。笔者废除使用蒙阴群(组)和汶南(亚)组，并建设将鲁北地区目前使用的“王氏组” 废除，另建新名。     

民和盆地中,新生代红层的划分与对比

民和盆地中、新生代红层在甘肃有一定的代表性,对其进行划分对比有利于资源的勘探开发。本文根据红层的沉积韵律、古生物组合等原则,将民和盆地中、新生代红层自下而上划分为中侏罗统享堂组、上侏罗统大通河群、下白垩统河和群、上白垩统民和组、下第三系西宁群、中新统咸水河组等六个岩石地层单位。     

中原油气区侏罗系地层特征

综述中原油气区侏罗系地层古生物特征,提出该区存在下侏罗统—中侏罗统,未确证存在上侏罗统,过去所称上侏罗统—下白垩统归入下白垩统为宜。提出了区内北部临清坳陷的下侏罗统—中侏罗统地层可划分为中一下侏罗统的坊子组和中侏罗统的三台组、西南部济源凹陷下侏罗统的鞍腰组和中侏罗统马凹组、东南部黄口凹陷仅存在中侏罗统的三台组、南部中牟凹陷的侏罗纪地层与济源凹陷的相近,并提出了它们之间的对比意见。     

云南中部侏罗系研究新进展

依据禄丰县川街剖面修订了昆明小区曾经使用半个多世纪的上、下禄丰系(群、组)岩石地层单位，厘定并重新命名了禄丰组(包括沙湾段和张家坳段)，新建川街组、老罗村组、麻地山组，沿用安宁组，首次在禄丰区域内划分出上侏罗统。结合各组产出的化石，建立起侏罗纪早、中、晚3套脊椎动物群序列。进一步的考察研究又确认出昆明小区存在上三叠统舍资组和侏罗系的连续沉积。通过对比，确定昆明小区中侏罗统川街组底部和上侏罗统安宁组顶部，缺失楚雄小区张河组下部“绿砂岩段”和妥甸组上部“黄色泥岩段”。首次发现晚侏罗世妥甸组昆虫化石，昆虫化石的类型和叶肢介等门类化石有别于北方动物群。依据这些研究成果提出康滇地层分区侏罗系对比方案。     

福建晚三叠世－中侏罗世地层划分

福建晚三叠世－中侏罗世地层以陆相盆地沉积为主，仅闽西南局部有海陆交互相沉积。地层分区大致以政和－大埔断裂为界，分为闽西地层小区和闽东地层小区。根据各盆地地层序列及岩石组合特征，岩石地层单位可划分为陆相沉积的大坑村组、文宾山组、焦坑组、梨山组及漳平组和以海陆交互相沉积的象牙群，包括下村组和藩坑组。其中大坑村组相当于年代地层单位的上三叠统卡尼－诺利阶，文宾山组、焦坑组相当于诺利阶上部－瑞替克阶，梨山组相当于下侏罗统赫塘－托尔阶，漳平组相当于中侏罗统巴柔－卡洛阶中下部，下村组相当于下侏罗统赫塘－辛涅缪尔阶，藩坑组相当于辛涅缪尔－托尔阶。此外，文中还论述了各门类生物群的组合特征及其分布范围。     

赣南三百山盆地岩石地层划分的新认识及其意义

分析了赣南三百山盆地地层层序和岩石地层划分的研究现状及存在分歧的原因,提出前人建立的地层层序与野外新发现的地质事实不相吻合,三百山盆地不存在所谓的双峰式火山岩组合和推覆构造。依据地层层序律,将三百山盆地自下而上可划分为砂岩层、长英质火山岩层、镁铁质火山岩层和砂砾岩层四套;通过地层对比,将第一套砂岩层划归上侏罗统武夷群双峰岭组、第二套长英质火山岩层划归上侏罗统武夷群鹅湖岭组、第三套铁镁质火山岩层和第四套砂砾岩层划归下白垩统罗塘群白埠组。     

大兴安岭北部地区晚侏罗世-早白垩世地层划分有关问题的讨论

根据地层分布、岩石组合、古生物特征，对近几年在大兴安岭北部地区完成的区域地质调查图幅中存在的晚侏罗世一早白垩世火山岩地层划分混乱的问题进行了整理、提出了新的划分意见：将光华组修订为大兴安岭北部含Eosestheria动物群的大套酸性火山岩，时代为早白垩世；含有Nestoria动物群的大套酸性火山岩为上侏罗统白音高老组；两大套酸性火山岩之间超覆于其他老地层之上的含Eosestheria动物群的中酸性火山岩为下白垩统龙江组；龙江组底部的不整合是该区侏罗系与白垩系的界线。     

甘肃武都龙家沟盆地地层时代及发育特征

根据化石组合，龙家沟盆地的地层可划分为中侏罗统龙家沟组，上白垩统及上中新统保德组。龙家沟组是盆地的主体沉积，含有多层煤层及油页岩。保德组中发现有我国著名的“龙家沟三趾马动物群”．是保德期庙梁亚期的主要代表动物群之一。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究

通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究,从混凝剂适应p H值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较,找出一种较为理想的混凝剂,并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素,确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。      

黄河源区水环境变化及黄河出现冬季断流的原因

自1954年有水文观测资料以来，黄河曾在青海省玛多县黄河沿水文站发生过3次断流。本文在分析黄河源区水环境特征及其影响因素的基础上指出，鄂陵湖、扎陵湖的环湖融区调节能力低，当遇到连续干旱、冬季其调节水量不足以维系黄河径流时便会发生断流，这是断流的主因。湖水位降低、开采沙金、过度放牧等自然和人为因素也会对黄河发生断流产生影响。鄂陵湖口附近黄河上修建的水电站开始蓄水，提高了两湖及环湖融区的调节能力，今后黄河冬季出现断流的可能性将大为降低。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

The evolution of the magmatism in the external zones of the Betic Cordilleras during the mesozoic

Abstract

The Mesozoic igneous rocks from the External Zones of the Betic Cordilleras extend for some 300 km along the Subbetic Zone. They are poorly differentiated basic rocks which, altogether, correspond to a transitional series containing tholeiitic and sodium-alkaline terms. They crop out as small ophite stocks and dykes intruded into middle- and upper-Triassic rocks, or as submarine flows and sills interlayered with Jurassic materials.

Geological and radiometric evidence points to an upper-Triassic-Liassic age for the ophite-generating magmatism, while the fissure volcanism began locally in the early-Liassic and extended throughout the Dogger. It reached its climax in the Tithonian and ceased abruptly in the lowermost Cretaceous.

The magmas that generated the two groups of rocks originated within the mantle. During the ascent through a continental crust they were contaminated by deep-crust granitoid rocks and by the assimilation of pelites from the basement. The chemical composition and fractional-crystallization differentiation trends of the ophites belong to the tholeiitic series, while those of the middle-uppermost Jurassic magmas to the sodic-alkaline series. This magmatic evolution may be attributed to a geodynamic change from distensive in the Triassic to transtensive from the middle-Jurassic onwards.     

悬板开孔对排沙漏斗流场特性的影响

排沙漏斗的水沙分离性能取决于其流场特性,为了弄清楚悬板开孔对流场特性的影响,利用粒子图像测速技术和数值模拟方法,分别对悬板溢流段和非溢流段同时均匀布孔、仅在非溢流段布孔和无孔时的排沙漏斗流场特性开展研究。结果表明：①布孔位置不影响涡流性质但影响其强度,均匀布孔时涡流强度最小,不利于水沙离心分离;②无孔和仅在非溢流段布孔时的流场特性有利于泥沙径向输移、沉降和排出,均匀布孔径向速度和二次流流速减小不利于泥沙输移和排出;③仅在悬板非溢流段布孔时悬板表面速度大于其他方案,泥沙不易淤积于悬板。为减少悬板上的泥沙淤积量且同时要保证较高的泥沙截除率时可采用仅在悬板非溢流段布孔的方案优化悬板体型。     

On the Validity of the Boussinesq Approximation for the Elder Problem

The Elder problem is an example of a density driven flow, motivated by experiments of a thermally driven convection in porous media. It is a mathematical benchmark problem used for code verification of density driven flow simulators and comparison of issues related to its numerical treatment. Its bifurcation diagram with respect to the Rayleigh number is investigated on a hierarchy of uniformly refined grids. Eleven stationary solutions are shown to exist for the Elder problem. Similar solutions can be found using the Boussinesq approximation. Despite this similarity the corresponding bifurcation diagrams are shown to be topologically not equivalent. This gives rise to serious doubts on the validity of Boussinesq approximation for this model problem. Grid convergence is investigated for the numerically obtained solutions.