即时合成Cu/Mg/Al层状双氢氧化物处理含Cu2+废水实验研究

在模拟含Cu2+废水中加入Mg2+和Al3+,以NaOH为沉淀剂,研究金属盐水解即时合成层状双氢氧化物去除Cu2+的可行性,同时考察了体系终点pH值、配料中Mg/Cu摩尔比值及反应温度和时间对Cu2+去除率的影响,探讨了Cu2+去除机理及层状双氢氧化物形成过程。结果表明,实验条件下体系终点pH值显著影响Cu2+去除率,在pH值8.0~11.0范围内去除效果较好,达99%以上。通过X射线衍射分析结合即时合成法特点,废水中Cu2+主要是在晶核生成阶段以Cu/Mg/Al三元层状双氢氧化物形式被去除;三元层状双氢氧化物的形成由反应体系中Al3+、Cu2+、Mg2+分步水解导致,最适pH值约为9.0。     

面包酵母菌吸附黄铜矿微生物浸出矿液中Cu~(2+)的试验研究

选用面包酵母菌为吸附菌株,研究了菌株吸附黄铜矿微生物浸出矿液中Cu2+的吸附富集过程,探讨了吸附试验中pH值、温度和初始菌体加入量对Cu2+吸附效果的影响。结果表明:在酵母菌吸附Cu2+的过程中,菌体细胞上的蛋白质酰胺和多糖等成分更多地参与了吸附Cu2+的过程,Cu2+与菌体表面的有机基团结合形成颗粒物沉淀附着在细胞壁上。菌株动力学吸附分析中发现,实验用各菌株对Cu2+的动力学吸附过程除了受菌株种属的影响外,还应与菌株的细胞壁形貌、菌株本身的生长状况的等因素相关。在pH=4.5、t=30℃、初始菌体加入量8.0 g/L的条件下,吸附反应14 h后酵母菌的最佳铜吸附率可达66.64%,面包酵母菌可以吸附富集黄铜矿微生物浸出矿液中的Cu2+,可以有效回收低品位黄铜矿中的铜资源。     

利用粉煤灰处理含铜废水的实验研究

研究了粉煤灰去除废水中铜离子的速率、粉煤灰投加量对粉煤灰去除废水中铜离子的影响和粉煤灰对质量浓度不同的含铜离子废水的去除效果,进一步探讨了粉煤灰去除铜离子的机理,实验结果显示粉煤灰在去除废水中铜离子的过程中反应3 h后就达到了平衡,粉煤灰对Cu2 的去除率随粉煤灰投加量的增加而增加,但是就充分利用吸附剂粉煤灰的角度而言,并非其投加量越多去除量越大,粉煤灰吸附废水中的铜离子更符合Langmuir模型,而不是Freundlich模型;粉煤灰去除废水中的Cu2 主要是静电吸附、阳离子交换吸附和表面络合吸附作用,但是,当用碱性粉煤灰处理质量浓度较低的含Cu2 废水时,生成Cu(OH)2的沉淀作用可能占主要的地位.     

含钙铝铁水解聚合产物的矿物学研究Ⅲ:陈化对形态的影响

用透射电镜、扫描电镜、热分析及矿物谱学等手段对含钙铝铁水解聚合产物(含微量硅)合成初期样品及其陈化9年后样品组成物相的形态演化进行了观察对比研究。结果表明,含钙铝铁溶液合成初期迅速形成类钙矾石双羟合结构体,其结构中部分Al3+被Fe3+取代、SO42-阴离子被Cl-离子替代,无定形的铝铁共聚物、铝硅共聚物和多种铝、铁、钙氢氧化物(氧化物)微晶竞争存在。缺氧条件下铝铁水解产物的演化由于氯、钙离子的存在而与文献的报道有所不同。陈化改变了含钙聚合铝(铁)溶液中的长程有序结构。其中的类钙矾石双羟合结构体在高Cl-、低pH环境下长期陈化过程经历了溶解-再结晶作用。大量的铁微晶相溶解形成富铝水羟合铁(ferrihydrite)胶体结构,Cl-与Ca2+以键合或共沉淀方式进入富铝水羟合铁(ferrihydrite)相。富铝水羟合铁(ferrihydrite)胶体最终的结晶相还是β-FeOOH。     

凹凸棒石铁/铝氢氧化物纳米复合材料对磷的吸附动力学研究

用铁/铝盐水解法制备了凹凸棒石/铝氢氧化物(PNCMⅠ)、凹凸棒石/铁氢氧化物(PNCMⅡ)和凹凸棒石/铁铝氢氧化物(PNCMⅢ)3种凹凸棒石纳米复合材料。对比了这3种纳米复合材料对水中磷的吸附净化能力,并利用吸附动力学实验探讨了3种材料对磷的吸附机理。结果发现:负载了铝/铁氢氧化物后凹凸棒石的晶体结构没有改变;温度对于3种吸附剂吸附磷的动力学参数影响不显著;3种吸附剂对磷的实际吸附量、理论吸附量和初始吸附速率均随着磷的初始浓度增大而增大。PNCMⅠ对磷的理论吸附量为18.18 mg/g,较其他2种吸附剂大。当磷的初始浓度从5 mg/L增加到50 mg/L,PNCM I对磷的初始吸附速率从0.125 mg/(g·min)增加到1.425 mg/(g·min)。3种凹凸棒石黏土纳米复合材料对磷的吸附符合准二级动力学方程,表明其吸附均为化学吸附。     

Mg2+调控低温环境下单水方解石的合成

在4℃的低温条件下,通过模拟纳木错湖水中主要离子种类,控制反应体系中的Mg/Ca摩尔比,探究纳木错单水方解石(MHC)的无机成因,并利用X-射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)对实验沉淀产物进行了分析。结果表明,单水方解石是通过无定形碳酸钙(ACC)转化而来的,且单水方解石的形成和稳定受溶液中的Mg2+调控。当反应溶液中Mg/Ca 2时,生成方解石和镁方解石;当反应溶液中Mg/Ca 2时,单水方解石生成,并且在溶液中的存在时间随着Mg/Ca摩尔比的增加而增加。Mg/Ca=2时,单水方解石在溶液中仅存在48 h,随后转化为文石和少量镁方解石。单水方解石形成过程中Mg2+的作用主要是抑制方解石成核和生长,使单水方解石能够在溶液中形成并稳定存在。此结果为纳木错单水方解石无机成因提供一定的研究基础。     

铜、盐、有机质相互作用的实验研究

本文用实验的方法研究了铜-盐-有机质共存体系中铜的活化迁移作用。结果表明氨基丙酸和NaCl、CaCl，的水溶液有很强的活化能力。在铜-盐-有机质共存的水岩反应体系中，铜的活化迁移与有机质本身性质有关，富里酸与盐相互抑制Cu难以迁移，而氨基丙酸和盐相互加强对铜的活化。半胶氨酸因热分解产生H2S而抑制了铜的活化。铜的活化与赋存状态有关，吸附态的Cu容易活化。     

电气石微粉吸附水体中金属离子及其机理分析

研究了电气石微粉吸附水中Cu2＋、Pb2＋、Zn2＋的过程,讨论了吸附时间、粒度、用量和pH值等因素对吸附效果的影响,分析了电气石对含Cu2＋、Pb2＋、Zn2＋废水的吸附机理。电气石加工成超细粉体时,表面产生大量的不饱和键,在溶液中与水配位,使水发生解离生成羟基化表面,将重金属离子吸附到晶体负极,使局部金属离子浓度增高与电气石表面羟基离解而产生的氢氧根离子发生反应,形成各种沉淀或碱式盐析出,直到溶液中各种离子浓度达到平衡时为止。提出了凡是氢氧化物难溶于水的金属离子,理论上都可以使用电气石微粉进行吸附净化处理的观点。研究结果表明,电气石微粉对Cu2＋、Pb2＋、Zn2＋有较好的吸附效果。     

凹凸棒石与Ni2+的长期吸附作用

以Ni2+为例研究了凹凸棒石与重金属离子长期作用过程,探讨了重金属离子在凹凸棒石上的吸附反应动力学,并运用高分辨透射电镜揭示了凹凸棒石与重金属离子互相作用引起重金属离子水解沉淀、形成氢氧化物或层状双氢氧化物次生物相的现象.实验表明,凹凸棒石-Ni2+水悬浮体系中,随着时间的延长溶液的pH值逐渐升高,Ni2+浓度逐渐降低,并且长期作用后悬浮液的pH值和重金属离子浓度受到固/液比控制.Ni2+在凹凸棒石和水两相中的分配在长达40 d的时间内都没有达到完全平衡,表明凹凸棒石-Ni2+水悬浮体系中存在凹凸棒石与重金属离子长期互相作用.凹凸棒石与Ni2+长期作用Ni2+浓度变化可以用抛物线扩散方程、双常数方程、一级扩散方程、Elovich方程较好地拟合.凹凸棒石与重金属的长期作用反应机制可能是由于凹凸棒石纳米效应和反应活性,表面缓慢水化导致含重金属离子溶液pH值缓慢升高,诱导了Ni2+在凹凸棒石表面沉淀,在凹凸棒石表面形成了氢氧化物或层状双氢氧化物.     

1-（4-甲基-6-羟基嘧啶）-3-（偶氮苯基）-三氮烯的合成及其与铜的显色反应

合成了显色剂1-(4-甲基-6-羟基嘧啶)-3-(偶氮苯基)-三氮烯(MHPPAT),并研究了它与铜的显色反应。在pH11.0的Na2B4O7-NaOH缓冲溶液中,Triton X-100表面活性剂存在下,试剂与铜生成2∶1的紫红色配合物,其最大吸收峰位于540nm处,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.02×105L·mol-1·cm-1,Cu2+的质量浓度在0~480μg/L符合比尔定律。用拟定方法测定铝合金中微量铜,6次测定的相对标准偏差小于3%,结果满意。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with