综合物探法在贵州中部某变质岩区地热勘探中的应用

结合地质、水文地质调查,运用综合物探法在贵州中部变质岩区老坟嘴乡进行地热资源勘探。通过地温测量,确定区域内地温背景值及地温异常分布特征,且与放射性α卡法解释结果相吻合;电阻率法确定区内断裂性质及断层破碎带的分布;瞬变电磁法配合电阻率法进一步查明区内断层性质,确定控制地热水的断层破碎带。根据综合物探法推断结果,成功钻探出地下热水,为在贵州变质岩区地热勘探提供了地质依据。     

广元地区龙门山前缘中低温对流型地热系统分析

通过广元地区龙门山前缘的遥感地质解译,野外地质考查以及结合前人地热水勘查成果,对其地热水的热源、水源、构造特征等综合分析认为,该区无附加热源,热源为深循环加热,水源以大气降水为主,具有深部循环的有利地质构造条件,为在正常的区域地温场背景条件下。出现在裂隙介质发育的深部碳酸盐岩地层之中的地下热水环流系统——中低温对流型地热系统,具有很好的勘探开发前景。     

南阳城区地下热水同位素特征及其水文地质意义

南阳城区地下热水的氢氧稳定同位素研究表明,本区地热水起源于降水补给。氚同位素揭示了地热水的形成年龄,采用同位素方法对本区地下热水与浅层冷水的混合作用对地下热水温度的影响进行了讨论,探讨了南阳城区地下热水的了解补给运移条件。     

综合物化探方法在内蒙古某地区地热勘探中的应用

初步查明中水塘地区的地热异常范围，寻找地下储水导热构造。在地热预测区内，选择最佳的工作区首先进行水文地质调查。在此基础上进行地下6m地温测定，浅层地震、电测深，静电α卡法、汞及砷土壤测量等，以了解热源的埋深，查明地热异常区内的断裂构造；确定温泉勘查施钻孔位，施钻勘探，查寻热源，打出热水。基于测区内地热严格受地质构造控制的认识，结合该区的水文地质条件，确定钻孔位置，打出了水温为38℃的地下低温热水。根据不同的水文地质条件，合理选择各项技术条件、科学的方法组合，是收到良好的效果的基本保证。     

综合物探方法在贵州浅层地热资源勘察中的应用效果

在地热水勘查中,根据不同的地质特征(地质构造、地层等)和岩石的地球物理特性(岩石的电性、弹性、放射性、密度、温度等),运用合理的地球物理勘探方法进行地热水勘探并与地质工作有机结合是地热水勘查开发行之有效的。特别是在贵州地质条件极为复杂(地热水受地质构造、地层等控制),且贵州地热水按温度划分属于中低温类型。运用综合地球物理勘探配合地质工作确定地热井位(成功开发)就显得尤为重要。据目前贵州省近十余年(近300口地热井)的地热勘查开发的事实已得以证明。     

江西邵武-河源断裂带会昌断裂控热机理研究

采用野外地面调查、地球物理探测、水文地质钻探等工作手段,对会昌断裂带地热水成因机理进行研究。断裂带中多发育有萤石矿化及蜂窝状溶孔,说明地下热水流体活动强烈;带内次级张裂隙构造发育,为地下水的储存及富集提供了通道;断裂上盘白垩纪红层主要岩性为泥质粉砂岩、泥岩,为良好的储温盖层;断裂下盘出露的印支期花岗岩,能提供丰富的花岗岩放射性热源。区内地下热水的分布特征严格受控于会昌断裂的展布方向,地下热水的温度取决于盖层的厚度及围岩的放射性含量。以上研究为今后在该地区开展地热水勘查工作具有一定的指示意义。     

福建宁德飞鸾地热资源地质特征及成矿规律探讨

宁德飞鸾地热资源处于断裂构造的有利组合位置,构成了较为良好的热储构造,为地热水的勘查与开发提供了较为良好的条件。通过对宁德飞鸾的储热构造地质特征、地热水形成条件的分析,认为区内北西向张扭性、北东向压扭性断裂控制了地热水的分布,总结了成矿规律并初步建立了地下热水的成矿模型。     

川南马边地区地热水资源找矿潜力分析

马边地区位于四川盆地西南缘,属于我国地热资源蕴藏丰富的地区。基于区域地质资料和地热水资源调查等成果,对马边地区地热水资源成矿地质条件、地热场和成因模式进行分析,结果可知：马边地区地热水补、径、藏条件好,具有良好的地热水成矿地质条件和找矿潜力。马边向斜轴部是深循环地下热水的可能富集部位,预测马边地区的民建镇是地热水资源有利的勘查区,找矿潜力较大。可通过人工钻井的方式进行开采,有望在井深2 000 m附近嘉陵江组上部的碳酸盐岩中找到高温地热水。分析结论可支撑服务于该地区地热水资源勘查工作。     

西安市地下热水资源可持续开发利用探讨

对西安市地热水赋存条件和地下热水资源开发利用现状进行综合分析,指出了多年持续超采地下热水,导致地下热水水位大幅度下降,地下热水资源衰减等一系列问题.探讨了科学合理开发利用西安地热资源的问题,并提出了可持续开发利用西安地下热水资源的建议和应采取的措施.     

漳州盆地地下热水成因与海水混入的同位素证据

本文基于热水及相关天然水的氢氧同位素(D和~(18)O)数据论证了漳州盆地地下热水为大气降水深循环成因,并属于中低温系统,用同位素方法讨论了海水与地热水混合关系及混合比。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.