塔里木盆地库车坳陷中新生代构造应力场分析

盆地覆盖区古构造应力场分析一直是盆地动力学研究的一个难题。本文在对库车坳陷不同层位地层进行系统取样的基础上,初步探讨了用岩石磁组构恢复古构造应力场最大主压应力方向,测试结果与构造变形分析相一致;用岩石声发射测量系统筛分不同构造运动期次,并确定各期次有效最大主压应力大小,研究结果表明,测试构造期次与研究区构造地质分析期次基本吻合。     

音频大地电磁测深在五龙沟金矿的找矿应用

音频大地电磁测深测量(V8)在寻找构造中的作用比较突出,近年来取得了较为突出的成果。五龙沟金矿地处秦—祁—昆成矿域(Ⅰ1)东昆仑成矿省(Ⅱ2)伯喀里克—香日德印支期成矿带(Ⅲ12)五龙沟金矿田,是青海省重要的金矿产区域,矿床成因为构造蚀变岩型,本文通过大地电磁测深测量对构造的解译,定位深部含金构造,从而指导金矿找矿工作。     

音频大地电磁测深在五龙沟金矿的找矿应用

音频大地电磁测深测量(V8)在寻找构造中的作用比较突出,近年来取得了较为突出的成果.五龙沟金矿地处秦—祁—昆成矿域(I1)东昆仑成矿省(II2)伯喀里克—香日德印支期成矿带(III12)五龙沟金矿田,是青海省重要的金矿产区域,矿床成因为构造蚀变岩型,本文通过大地电磁测深测量对构造的解译,定位深部含金构造,从而指导金矿找...     

论山西河东煤田中部构造特征及对煤层含气性的影响

通过大量的节理测量与分析,对研究区的构造形态进行了深入的调查研究,系统总结了研究区的构造特征,恢复了研究区的古构造期次及古构造应力场特征,并对现代构造应力场进行了分析与研究,为下一步煤层气勘探开发提供了可靠的地质依据和有效的指导,探讨了现代构造应力场对煤层含气性的影响。     

安徽繁昌地区喜山期推覆构造

繁昌地区推覆构造由前缘主底板逆掩断层、中部小淮山楔状褶皱冲断体及后缘小淮窑断裂组成,构成了该地区北东向构造格架。构成逆冲系统的多条逆掩断层所夹持的构造岩片由南东向北西呈后展式(上叠式)依次扩展。该逆冲推覆构造系统是喜山期构造反转的产物,并非印支—燕山期前陆带对冲构造系统的组成部分。     

浙江衢州大洲火山岩断陷盆地构造应力场特征及其与铀成矿关系

在构造变形研究的基础上,通过野外露头共轭剪节理的产状测量,采用数学统计方法进行分期配套,并结合前人的研究成果,开展了大洲火山断陷盆地古构造应力场及其与铀成矿关系的研究。总结了主要经历的四期构造应力:前晚侏罗世构造期、磨石山期、衢江期、始新世—渐新世构造期,分别讨论了各个期次对铀成矿的控制作用,指出后三个构造期与铀成矿关系密切,即磨石山期构造应力场为成矿准备了储矿空间,衢江期构造应力场为成矿准备了导矿空间,而始新世—渐新世构造期构造应力场对已形成矿体进行了破坏或改造。     

塔里木盆地北部油田古应力的AE法测量

本文在阐述了声发射(简称AE-Acoustic Emission)法测量古构造应力的可行性之后,着重介绍了测量古应力与测量现今应力在方法上的不同之处。作者采用AE法测量了塔里木盆地北部油田古应力,并得出该区喜马拉雅期有2幕主要构造运动;燕山期有3幕主要构造运动;古生代有2-3幕主要构造运动的认识。喜马拉雅构造运动在该区占主导地位。      

Tectonic Stress Field's Characteristic and Its Relationship of Uranium Mineralization at Dazhou Volcanic Faulted Basin in Quzhou, Zhejiang Province

在构造变形研究的基础上,通过野外露头共轭剪节理的产状测量,采用数学统计方法进行分期配套,并结合前人的研究成果,开展了大洲火山断陷盆地古构造应力场及其与铀成矿关系的研究.总结了主要经历的四期构造应力:前晚侏罗世构造期、磨石山期、衢江期、始新世—渐新世构造期,分别讨论了各个期次对铀成矿的控制作用,指出后三个构造期与铀成矿关系密切,即磨石山期构造应力场为成矿准备了储矿空间,衢江期构造应力场为成矿准备了导矿空间,而始新世—渐新世构造期构造应力场对已形成矿体进行了破坏或改造.     

北京西山北岭向斜卷入区构造应变场的初步研究

本文通过系统的有限应变测量,用主应变等值线及主应变方向迹线网络的形式,建立了北京西山北岭向斜卷入区的构造应变场;并通过宏观构造分析,证明这个应变场是合应变场,反映四期构动变动。在构造叠加部位,主应变迹线显示异常形态。本文还对应变场的建立方法作了讨论。     

湘南江永地区多期褶皱的变形特征及叠加关系

湘南江永地区处于华夏陆块西北缘,自早古生代以来经历了多期构造变形,关于这些变形的研究对探索湘南地区及其邻区的构造演化过程具有重要意义。通过对江永地区古生界褶皱的构造要素测量和褶皱叠加关系的解析,识别出了3期4个方向的褶皱构造,按发育早晚顺序分别为第一期(D_1)NE向褶皱,第二期(D_2)NNE-近SN向褶皱、NW向褶皱,第三期(D_3)近EW向褶皱。其中D_1期NE向褶皱为下古生界独有的构造样式,本区及邻区上古生界仅记录了后2期(D_2和D_3)3个方向的褶皱作用。结合地层接触关系、岩浆活动及区域构造演化的综合分析,3期褶皱作用分别对应早古生代后期加里东陆内造山运动NW向挤压、中三叠世后期印支运动NWW向挤压以及晚三叠世-早侏罗世近SN向挤压等构造事件。     

Structural–Tectonic Features of the Northeastern Barents Plate from Numerical Modeling of Potential Fields

Structural–geological inhomogeneities in the northeastern Barents Sea are zoned based on an analysis of various components of the gravity and magnetic fields. The objects revealed in the basement and sedimentary cover of the Barents Sea Plate form anomalies in potential fields at coexisting complex geological structures and contrasting petrophysical properties. Cluster analysis reveals the fault-marked boundaries of individual blocks in the basement. A numerical model of faults in the sedimentary cover and basement of the Barents Sea Plate is constructed.     

Late Mesozoic magmatism and Cenozoic tectonic deformations of the Barents Sea continental margin: Effect on hydrocarbon potential distribution

The paper is focused on the two tectonic-geodynamic factors that made the most appreciable contribution to the transformation of the lithospheric and hydrocarbon potential distribution at the Barents Sea continental margin: Jurassic-Cretaceous basaltic magmatism and the Cenozoic tectonic deformations. The manifestations of Jurassic-Cretaceous basaltic magmatism in the sedimentary cover of the Barents Sea continental margin have been recorded using geological and geophysical techniques. Anomalous seismic units related to basaltic sills hosted in terrigenous sequences are traced in plan view as a tongue from Franz Josef Land Archipelago far to the south along the East Barents Trough System close to its depocentral zone with the transformed thinned Earth’s crust. The Barents Sea igneous province has been contoured. The results of seismic stratigraphy analysis and timing of basaltic rock occurrences indicate with a high probability that the local structures of the hydrocarbon (HC) fields and the Stockman-Lunin Saddle proper were formed and grew almost synchronously with intrusive magmatic activity. The second, no less significant multitectonic stress factor is largely related to the Cenozoic stage of evolution, when the development of oceanic basins was inseparably linked with the Barents Sea margin. The petrophysical properties of rocks from the insular and continental peripheries of the Barents Sea shelf are substantially distinct as evidence for intensification of tectonic processes in the northwestern margin segment. These distinctions are directly reflected in HC potential distribution.     

Modelling ice-sheet sensitivity to late weichselian environments in the svalbard-barents sea region

Ice-proximal sedimentological features from the northwestern Barents Sea suggest that this region was covered by a grounded ice sheet during the Late Weichselian. However, there is debate as to whether these sediments were deposited by the ice sheet at its maximum or a retreating ice sheet that had covered the whole Barents Sea. To examine the likelihood of total glaciation of the Late Weichselian Barents Sea, a numerical ice-sheet model was run using a range of environmental conditions. Total glaciation of the Barents Sea, originating solely from Svalbard and the northwestern Barents Sea, was not predicted even under extreme environmental conditions. Therefore, if the Barents Sea was completely covered by a grounded Late Weichselian ice sheet, then a mechanism (not accounted for within the glaciological model) by which grounded ice could have formed rapidly within the central Barents Sea, may have been active during the last glaciation. Such mechanisms include (i) grounded ice migration from nearby ice sheets in Scandinavia and the central Barents Sea, (ii) the processes of sea-ice-induced ice-shelf thickening and (iii) isostatic uplift of the central Barents Sea floor.     

Middle–Late Paleozoic Duplex Rifting of the Barents Continental Margin and the Role Played in Formation of the East Barents Megabasin

Based on analysis and interpretation of seismic and other geological-geophysical data, duplex rifting is identified in the Paleozoic evolution of the South Barents Basin. Its first, pre–Late Devonian, phase was manifested on the southeastern side zone that limited the Pechora Plate structures. After a certain pause, a second, pre–Late Carboniferous phase involved the western Barents Sea region, including the slope of the Central Barents Rise and the western South Barents Basin. Thus, Late Paleozoic riftogenic structures in the western and southeastern South Barents Basin formed at different times. All this caused an asymmetric structure profile and asynchronicity of evolution of the rift system sides. In the Mesozoic, under the effect of formation of the Novaya Zemlya fold-and-thrust structure, the asymmetry of the riftogenic trough became even more contrasting.     

Cenozoic erosion and the preglacial uplift of the Svalbard–Barents Sea region

The creation of the huge fans observed in the western Barents Sea margin can only be explained by assuming extremely high glacial erosion rates in the Barents Sea area. Glacial processes capable of producing such high erosion rates have been proposed, but require the largest part of the preglacial Barents Sea to be subaerial. To investigate the validity of these proposals we have attempted to reconstruct the western preglacial Barents Sea. Our approach was to combine erosion maps based on prepublished data into a single mean valued erosion map covering the whole western Barents Sea and consequently use it together with a simple Airy isostatic model to obtain a first rough estimate of the preglacial topography and bathymetry of the western Barents Sea margin. The mean valued erosion map presented herein is in good volumetric agreement with the sediments deposited in the western Barents Sea margin areas, and as a direct consequence of the averaging procedures employed in its construction we can safely assume that it is the most reliable erosion map based on the available information. By comparing the preglacial sequences with the glacial sequences in the fans we have concluded that 1/2 to 2/3 of the total Cenozoic erosion was glacial in origin and therefore a rough reconstruction of the preglacial relief of the western Barents Sea could be obtained. The results show a subaerial preglacial Barents Sea. Thus, during interglacials and interstadials the area may have been partly glaciated and intensively eroded up to 1 mm/y, while during relatively brief periods of peak glaciation with grounded ice extending to the shelf edge, sediments have been evacuated and deposited at the margins at high rates. The interplay between erosion and uplift represents a typical chicken and egg problem; initial uplift is followed by intensive glacial erosion, compensated by isostatic uplift, which in turn leads to the maintenance of an elevated, and glaciated, terrain. The information we have on the initial tectonic uplift suggests that the most likely mechanism to cause an uplift of the dimensions and magnitude of the one observed in the Barents Sea is a thermal mechanism.     

The Plio-Pleistocene glaciation of the Barents Sea–Svalbard region: a new model based on revised chronostratigraphy

Based on a revised chronostratigraphy, and compilation of borehole data from the Barents Sea continental margin, a coherent glaciation model is proposed for the Barents Sea ice sheet over the past 3.5 million years (Ma). Three phases of ice growth are suggested: (1) The initial build-up phase, covering mountainous regions and reaching the coastline/shelf edge in the northern Barents Sea during short-term glacial intensification, is concomitant with the onset of the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation (3.6–2.4 Ma). (2) A transitional growth phase (2.4–1.0 Ma), during which the ice sheet expanded towards the southern Barents Sea and reached the northwestern Kara Sea. This is inferred from step-wise decrease of Siberian river-supplied smectite-rich sediments, likely caused by ice sheet blockade and possibly reduced sea ice formation in the Kara Sea as well as glacigenic wedge growth along the northwestern Barents Sea margin hampering entrainment and transport of sea ice sediments to the Arctic–Atlantic gateway. (3) Finally, large-scale glaciation in the Barents Sea occurred after 1 Ma with repeated advances to the shelf edge. The timing is inferred from ice grounding on the Yermak Plateau at about 0.95 Ma, and higher frequencies of gravity-driven mass movements along the western Barents Sea margin associated with expansive glacial growth.     

The Barents Sea Ice Sheet — A model of its growth and decay during the last ice maximum

On the basis of geomorphological and sedimentological data, we believe that the entire Barents Sea was covered by grounded ice during the last glacial maximum. ¹⁴C dates on shells embedded in tills suggest marine conditions in the Barents Sea as late as 22 ka BP; and models of the deglaciation history based on uplift data from the northern Norwegian coast suggest that significant parts of the Barents Sea Ice Sheet calved off as early as 15 ka BP. The growth of the ice sheet is related to glacioeustatic fall and the exposure of shallow banks in the central Barents Sea, where ice caps may develop and expand to finally coalesce with the expanding ice masses from Svalbard and Fennoscandia.The outlined model for growth and decay of the Barents Sea Ice Sheet suggests a system which developed and existed under periods of maximum climatic deterioration, and where its growth and decay were strongly related to the fall and rise of sea level.     

Modelling the influence of glacial isostasy on Late Weichselian ice‐sheet growth in the Barents Sea

A fully integrated ice‐sheet and glacio‐isostatic numerical model was run in order to investigate the crustal response to ice loading during the Late Weichselian glaciation of the Barents Sea. The model was used to examine the hypothesis that relative reductions in water depth, caused by glacio‐isostatic uplift, may have aided ice growth from Scandinavia and High Arctic island archipelagos into the Barents Sea during the last glacial. Two experiments were designed in which the bedrock response to ice loading was examined: (i) complete and rapid glaciation of the Barents Sea when iceberg calving is curtailed except at the continental margin, and (ii) staged growth of ice in which ice sheets are allowed to ground at different water depths. Model results predict that glacially generated isostatic uplift, caused by an isostatic forebulge from loads on Scandinavia, Svalbard and other island archipelagos, affected the central Barents Sea during the early phase of glaciation. Isostatic uplift, combined with global sea‐level fall, is predicted to have reduced sea level in parts of the central Barents Sea by up to 200 m. This reduction would have been sufficient to raise the sea floor of the Central Bank into a subaerial position. Such sea‐floor emergence is conducive to the initiation of grounded ice growth in the central Barents Sea. The model indicates that, prior to its glaciation, the depth of the Central Deep would have been reduced from around 400 m to 200 m. Such uplift aided the migration of grounded ice from the central Barents Sea and Scandinavia into the Central Deep. We conclude that ice loading over Scandinavia and Arctic island archipelagos during the first stages of the Late Weichselian may have caused uplift within the central Barents Sea and aided the growth of ice across the entire Barents Shelf. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cyclicity and prospects of the Jurassic oil-and-gas complex on the Barents Sea shelf

The oil and gas potential of Jurassic deposits of the shelf zone of the Barents Sea is confirmed by the discovery of a series of fields, both in the Russian sector of the Barents Sea, and in the Norwegian one. Along with known large gas and gas-condensate fields, the first oil field was opened in the western Norwegian part in April 2011. Peculiarities of the stratigraphy of the Jurassic complex indicate that cyclicity occurred in the development of the basin. The results of the works that were carried out demonstrate that the search for oil and gas fields in sandy reservoirs, deposited at the periods of regression is promising. Regionally extended clayey beds, which were deposited during periods of transgression, are considered as a seal. New oil and gas fields can be found, not only in the anticline structures, but also in lithological traps.     

Late Pleistocene glacial and lake history of northwestern Russia

Five regionally significant Weichselian glacial events, each separated by terrestrial and marine interstadial conditions, are described from northwestern Russia. The first glacial event took place in the Early Weichselian. An ice sheet centred in the Kara Sea area dammed up a large lake in the Pechora lowland. Water was discharged across a threshold on the Timan Ridge and via an ice-free corridor between the Scandinavian Ice Sheet and the Kara Sea Ice Sheet to the west and north into the Barents Sea. The next glaciation occurred around 75-70 kyr BP after an interstadial episode that lasted c. 15 kyr. A local ice cap developed over the Timan Ridge at the transition to the Middle Weichselian. Shortly after deglaciation of the Timan ice cap, an ice sheet centred in the Barents Sea reached the area. The configuration of this ice sheet suggests that it was confluent with the Scandinavian Ice Sheet. Consequently, around 70-65 kyr BP a huge ice-dammed lake formed in the White Sea basin (the 'White Sea Lake'), only now the outlet across the Timan Ridge discharged water eastward into the Pechora area. The Barents Sea Ice Sheet likely suffered marine down-draw that led to its rapid collapse. The White Sea Lake drained into the Barents Sea, and marine inundation and interstadial conditions followed between 65 and 55 kyr BP. The glaciation that followed was centred in the Kara Sea area around 55-45 kyr BP. Northward directed fluvial runoff in the Arkhangelsk region indicates that the Kara Sea Ice Sheet was independent of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet and that the Barents Sea remained ice free. This glaciation was succeeded by a c. 20-kyr-long ice-free and periglacial period before the Scandinavian Ice Sheet invaded from the west, and joined with the Barents Sea Ice Sheet in the northernmost areas of northwestern Russia. The study area seems to be the only region that was invaded by all three ice sheets during the Weichselian. A general increase in ice-sheet size and the westwards migrating ice-sheet dominance with time was reversed in Middle Weichselian time to an easterly dominated ice-sheet configuration. This sequence of events resulted in a complex lake history with spillways being re-used and ice-dammed lakes appearing at different places along the ice margins at different times.