格陵兰冰芯氧同位素显示近千年气候变化的多尺度分析

用经验模态分解(EMD)方法对格陵兰冰盖GISP2冰芯古气候代用指标δ~ (18) O 序列进行分解, 结果表明: 格陵兰近10 ka来气候变化总趋势出现历时约490 a的中世纪暖期和历时约570 a的小冰期, 其间还存在次级的冷暖期变化;气候波动具有3 a、 6.5 a、 12 a、 24 a、 49 a、 96 a、 213 a、 468 a准周期, 既有NESO的因素, 也受制于太阳活动周期的影响. 第7, 第8内在模函数(IMF7, IMF8)波动振幅以及总体趋势分量res在1350A.D.出现明显的转型, 表明1350A.D.为中世纪暖期和小冰期的分界.     

中全新世河南南阳石笋记录的百年季风干旱事件

基于河南南阳洞1支石笋的5个230 Th 年龄和186个氧碳同位素数据,建立了中全新世持续1 570a( 6 115～ 4 544a B. P. )较高分辨率东亚季风降水序列。在整个研究时段,石笋氧碳同位素曲线记录了3次弱季风事件,分别发生在5 830～5 720a B. P. 、5 350～ 5 080a B. P.、4 770～ 4 640a B. P. ,其中5 350～ 5 080a B. P.时段持续干旱,历时270a。在测年误差范围内,平均分辨率达4～ 5 a 的氧同位素曲线与相应时段树轮14 C残差曲线基本对应。功率谱分析表明: 南阳洞石笋具有显著的130a 周期旋回,与树轮Δ14 C( 132a )以及低纬地区其它石笋记录的周期变化基本一致,说明中全新世东亚季风降水在百年尺度上可能主要受太阳辐射驱动。      

东昆仑断裂带西大滩段全新世古地震研究*

对东昆仑断裂带西大滩段进行了断错地貌填图和古地震探槽揭露,共揭露出6次古地震事件,它们的年龄分别为10302±651aB.P. , 8650±500aB.P. , 7160±506aB.P. , 2830±170aB.P. , 1985±121aB.P.和1540±92aB.P. ;古地震重复间隔分别为1652±820a,1490±711a,4330±534a,845±209a和445±152a。研究发现,西大滩段全新世古地震活动具有丛集现象和重复间隔时间的分段性,第1丛集期在10300~7100aB.P.期间,平均重复间隔1571±543a,第2丛集期在2800~1500aB.P.期间,重复间隔400~800a左右,平均重复间隔645±129a,两个丛集期间隔4300a。西大滩段全新世地震活动规律对昆仑山地区未来地震危险性评估具有重要意义。     

The Basic Conceptions in Geomorphology—Geomorphology as the Study of a Function

正 We owe to Davis the conception that a landform is the function of processes, structure and time. Among these three independent variables, process is a dynamic variable, structure a spatial variable and time a time variable.     

New Species of Enantiornithes (Aves: Ornithothoraces) from the Qiaotou Formation in Northern Hebei,China

<正>We report on a new species of enantiornithine bird from the Lower Cretaceous Qiaotou Formation of northern Hebei,China.The new taxon,Shenqiornis mengi gen.et sp.nov.,possesses several enantiornithine synapomorphies but is unique from other known species.The specimen has a well-preserved skull that reveals new information about enantiornithine cranial morphology.The new taxon possesses a large postorbital with a long tapering jugal process indicating that some enantiornithines may have had a fully diapsid skull,as in Confuciusornis.The tooth morphology of the specimen is unique and likely represents a previously unknown trophic specialization within Enantiornithes.     

High-Resolution Records of the Holocene Paleoenvironmental Variation Reflected by Carbonate and Its Isotopic Compositions in Bosten Lake and Response to Glacial Activities

Abstract: The Early Holocene paleoclimate in Bosten Lake on the northern margin of the Tarim Basin, southern Xinjiang, is reconstructed through an analysis of a 953 cm long core (BSTC2000) taken from Bosten Lake. Multiple proxies of this core, including the mineral components of carbonate, carbonate content, stable isotopic compositions of carbonate, Ca/Sr, TOC and C/N and C/S of organic matter, are used to reconstruct the climatic change since 8500 a B.P. The chronology model is made by nine AMS 14C ages of leaves, seeds and organic matter contained in two parallel cores. The climate was cold and wet during 8500 to 8100 a B.P. Temperature increased from 8100 to 6400 a B.P., the climate was warm and humid, and the lake expanded. The lake level was highest during this stage. Then from 6400 to 5100 a B.P., the climate became cold and the lake level decreased slightly. During the late mid-Holocene, the climate was hot and dry from 5100 to 3100 a B.P., but there was a short cold period during 4400 to 3800 a B.P. At this temporal interval, a mass of ice and snow melting water supplied the lake at the early time and made the lake level rise. The second highest lake level stage occurred during 5200 to 3800 a B.P. The climate was cool and wet during 3100 to 2200 a B.P., when the lake expanded with decreasing evaporation. The lake had the last short-term high level during 3100 to 2800 a B.P. After this short high lake level period, the lake shrank because of the long-term lower temperature and reduced water supply. From 2200 to 1200 a B.P., the climate was hot and dry, and the lake shrank greatly. Although the temperature decreased somewhat from 1200 a B.P. to the present, the climate was warm and dry. The lake level began to rise a little again, but it did not reach the river bed altitude of the Konqi River, an outflow river of the Bosten Lake.     

鄱阳湖沉积物近8ka来有机质碳同位素记录及其古气候变化特征

通过对鄱阳湖沉积物的高密度采样和有机质碳同位素分析,讨论了鄱阳湖近 8 ka来的古气候环境.鄱阳湖沉积物有机质δ 13C值为-22.42‰～-32.42‰,属 C3类植物来源.暖湿期δ 13C值相对偏负;冷(凉)干期δ 13C值相对偏正.这些记录表明,鄱阳湖近 8 ka来经历了 4次暖湿和 4次冷(凉)干的气候环境变化, 7 900～3 660 a B.P.、3 440～2 990 a B.P.、2 940～2 170 a B.P.、1 820～6 50 a B.P.属相对温暖湿润的气候环境;3 660～3 440 a B.P.、2 990～2 940 a B.P.、2 170～1 820 a B.P.、650～200 a B.P.为相对冷凉干旱的气候环境,自 200 a B.P.(1 750 A.D.)以来湖区气候开始转暖.暖湿期持续时间较长,冷(凉)干期持续时间较短,1 000 a B.C.左右为一次重要的气候变冷事件.我国全新世几个特征性气候在湖区均有不同的显示,并与孢粉、硅藻、历史记录所反映的古气候环境对应性较好,可以作为恢复古气候变化的灵敏指标.     

黄河流域地下水资源、主要环境地质问题及对策建议

本文在重新汇总黄河流域地下水资源量的基础上 ,提供黄河流域天然补给资源总量为453 .54亿m3 /a,其中淡水为 40 3 .51亿m3 /a,微咸水补给约 50 .0 3亿m3 /a。可开采资源总量为2 1 2 .2 4亿m3 /a,其中淡水为 1 82 .42亿m3 /a,微咸水约 2 9.82亿m3 /a。总结分析了黄河流域主要环境地质问题的发展趋势 ,提出了水资源利用方面的一系列宏观对策建议。     

New Macroscopic Problematic Fossil from the Early Cambrian Yanjiahe Biota,Yichang, Hubei,China

Yanjiahella gen. nov., a distinctive fossil taxon from the Early Cambrian Yanjiahe Biota in Yichang, Hubei Province, is characterized by: 1) an overall body plan composed of a stalk and a calyx (also arms in some species); 2) a stalk with closely spaced, transverse wrinkles and a medial, longitudinal ridge; and 3) a calyx preserved with three-dimensional radiating striations, as well as a probable madreporite in some specimens. Three species that can be assigned to this genus, which are Y. ancarpa sp. nov., Y. monocarpa sp. nov., and Y. biscarpa sp. nov. Yanjiahella is comparable to certain echinoderm taxa in terms of morphology and some biological structures, which might indicate the early evolution and diversification of ancestral echinoderm lineages from the early Early Cambrian Yangtze Platform. The discovery of putative echinoderms in the Yanjiahe Biota provides significant clues about the origination and evolution of the deuterostome phylum Echinodermata.     

兰州雨量谱的气候变化与极端化趋势

利用兰州站1951-2005年逐日降水观测资料,进行雨量划分级别,分析了55 a来兰州分级降水雨量谱和极端降水的气候变化和发展趋势.研究表明:兰州年降水量逐年波动下降,长期变化趋势为每10 a下降9.0 mm,近20 a达到每10 a下降22.6 mm;年降水日数的长期变化趋势为每10 a下降3.6 d,近20 a为每10 a下降3.7 d.主要是由于小、中雨级的降水减少明显造成.兰州近20 a大雨以上级别的极端降水量增多,变化趋势为每10 a增加9.9 mm,年降水日数的变化趋势为每10 a增加0.4d.兰州年降水强度的长期变化趋势为每10 a上升0.1 mm·d1,其中小雨、中雨级别的贡献并不明显,主要的增加贡献是由大雨以上级别的降水强度增加所导敢的.极端降水的强度在近20 a的变化趋势为每10 a增加5.7 mm·d-1.兰州近20 a的年降水量中极端降水量占的比例由15.9%上升至1 6.2%;极端降水日数增加,其比例从1.8%上升至2.0%,在2000年极端降水所占的比例更是达到雨量的25.4%和雨日的4.0%水半,呈现出向极端降水增强的发展趋势.