弯曲柔性立管举升气液两相流时的流固耦合效应研究

海洋油气混输时,气液两相流与混输立管之间的双向流固耦合作用机理十分复杂.针对柔性立管与气液两相流的流固耦合响应问题,在气液两相循环试验装置中开展了不同流型两相流流动特性及柔性立管振动响应的测试,利用高速摄像非介入测试技术同步捕捉了柔性立管的振动位移与管内的流型演变过程,对比了不同流型气液两相流诱导的立管振动响应特性,通过对比固定和振动立管内的气液两相流动特性,辨析了振动对管内两相流动的影响.结果表明:柔性立管中出现了泡状流、泡状—段塞流、段塞流、段塞—搅拌流和搅拌流五种流型,不同流型的气液两相流诱导立管振动的机理不同,在段塞—搅拌流作用时立管的振动响应最剧烈.与固定立管相比,强烈的振动不同程度地改变了气液两相流的流动特性,振动立管中部分两相流流型转变的临界条件有明显地调整,相对而言,振动对搅拌流和泡状流的影响较小.     

海底输油气管线对海洋环境影响性分析

我国近海海底有超过3 000km的输油气管线,定期对海底输油气管线进行检测是保障海底输油气管线安全和海洋环境安全的重要手段。为保护海洋环境和海底油气管线安全,对广东近海某段海底输油气管线进行了安全检测,采用浅层剖面测量、侧扫声呐测量和多波束测量手段,对管线路由区域进行了勘测。勘测结果表明:检测区域油气管线路由没有裸露和悬空,路由周边地层较稳定,根据侧扫声呐和多波束测量结果,发现在路由区海底存在影响管道安全的因素,路由区海底拖锚等痕迹较多,距离路由大约950m处有人工采沙坑存在。建议相关部门对该区域应加以重视,加大海上巡逻执法力度,加强宣传工作,增强大众的海底管道保护意识。     

BZ19—4海底混输管网优化算法探讨

以海洋油气开发工程为实例,利用HYSYS和PIPEFLOW软件,分析了影响海底混输管网计算的若干因素,指出了HYSYS和PIPEFLOW的适用条件,最终确立了海底混输管网优化算法,提高计算效率。     

海底输水管道敷设过程中悬浮泥沙对海洋环境影响的数值研究

海底管道敷设过程中产生的悬浮泥沙会对工程海域的水质和海洋生物造成影响.建立了2D悬浮泥沙输移模型,结合水动力模型,对舟山市临城至虾峙岛、六横岛输配水工程中海底管线敷设引起的悬浮泥沙的输移规律进行模拟研究,预测悬浮泥沙的影响程度和范围,为海洋环境影响评价提供依据.计算结果表明:1号工段管道敷设对海水水质影响最大,2号工段...     

海底管线柔性导流板的变形方程研究

海底输油管线是海洋油气田开发的生命线工程,在复杂的海洋环境中易发生破坏.为使管线实现自埋防护,提出用柔性材料代替刚性导流板安装在管线顶部,不仅可以增加阻水面积,加大冲刷深度和范围,而且可以减缓刚性导流板对管线上部水流的扰动强度和尾流涡旋的扰动强度,减小管线的振动.利用力学关系由变形方程推导出海底管线与海底间距离为零以及不为零情况下柔性导流板变形的二次曲面方程和自由端最大挠度.在单向流条件下将不同材料不同长度的柔性导流板安装在管线中轴上方开展试验研究,测量柔性导流板在水流作用下的变形曲面.对比分析利用公式计算柔性导流板的自由端最大挠度和曲面变形数据与试验结果,发现两者吻合较好.     

海底管线局部冲刷问题数值模拟研究综述

海底管线局部冲刷的数值模拟研究已经有30 a的历史.文章描述了海底管线局部冲刷的机理,回顾了国内外对于管线冲刷问题数值模型研究的情况,根据不同模型进行了分类描述,并进行了简单的比较,为该领域的进一步研究提供参考.     

海上油气田工程压裂作业船及装备配置技术探讨

用于海上油气田的压裂作业船具备高效性和安全性,具有优越的操控性能和良好的稳定性,配备了先进的船舶航行系统、动力定位系统和强大的动力系统.全船配备的压裂作业设备包括支撑剂存储装置,酸液和胶液存储装置,搅拌混合系统,各类液体和化学药剂添加系统,压裂作业泵系统,中央控制室以及数据采集系统,完备的质量控制体系,安全的作业管线和快速脱离装置.压裂作业船能连续施工作业,效率高,安全可靠.     

油气混输系统的实验研究与实验模拟准则

描述了油气混输系统的实验研究,特别是多相流的流态、增压、计量系统的实验研究,并用动力相似理论分析了油气混输两相管流实验模拟所需满足的相似参数,提出了各种简化条件下的相似规律,讨论了用水和空气的两相流动来模拟原油和天然气的两相流动的可靠性和提高实验精度的手段和方法。     

海底输油管线敷设定位系统的技术研究

引言 受海洋石油总公司设计分公司委托,海军大连舰艇学院海洋测绘系为其研制开发了高精度海底管线水下敷设定位系统。根据委托方的要求,系统能够为敷管作业船提供全天候的高精度定位,实时显示设计管线路径,记录实际管线水下敷设位置,在作业船敷管的动态过程中实时显示设计管线路径与实际管线水下敷设位置两者之间的偏差,为敷管作业船实时提供平面姿态控制。针对系统的技术指标要求,在系     

海底子母管作用下海床冲刷的试验研究

子母管作为海洋工程中的新型管线结构,越来越受到重视。本文运用物理试验的方法研究了稳定流中海底子母管对海床局部冲刷的影响。通过控制不同海底子母管间间距,管径及来流流速,分析出了两管间隙比对冲刷坑内冲刷深度的影响,同时,从泥沙起动原理出发,利用流体的连续性特征,推导了与子母管间间隙比、管径及来流流速相关的冲刷坑深度理论公式,该理论公式与试验结果吻合良好,可预测子母管下泥沙的冲刷。通过试验可知,雷诺数及子母管间间隙对冲刷坑深度有较大的影响。在一定雷诺数下,子母管间间隙越小,冲刷坑深度越大,泥沙输移越也越严重。在管线间间隙比不变时,雷诺数增加同样能加强管线下方冲刷。     

Experimental and Computational Investigations on Severe Slugging in A Catenary Riser

Severe slugging can occur in a pipeline-riser system at relatively low liquid and gas flow rates during gas-oil transportation, possibly causing unexpected damage to the production facilities. Experiments with air and water are conducted in a horizontal and downward inclined pipeline followed by a catenary riser in order to investigate the mechanism and characteristics of severe slugging. A theoretical model is introduced to compare with the experiments. The results show that the formation mechanism of severe slugging in a catenary riser is different from that in a vertical riser due to the riser geometry and five flow patterns are obtained and analyzed. A gas-liquid mixture slug stage is observed at the beginning of one cycle of severe slugging, which is seldom noticed in previous studies. Based on both experiments and computations, the time period and variation of pressure amplitude of severe slugging are found closely related to the superficial gas velocity, implying that the gas velocity significantly influences the flow patterns in our experiments. Moreover, good agreements between the experimental data and the numerical results are shown in the stability curve and flow regime map, which can be a possible reference for design in an offshore oil-production system.     

Experimental Investigation of Vibration Response of A Free-Hanging Flexible Riser Induced by Internal Gas-Liquid Slug Flow

The vibration response of a free-hanging flexible riser induced by internal gas-liquid slug flow was studied experimentally in a small-diameter tube model based on Froude number criterion. The flow regime in a curved riser model and the response displacements of the riser were simultaneously recorded by high speed cameras. The gas superficial velocity ranges from 0.1 m/s to 0.6 m/s while the liquid superficial velocity from 0.06 m/s to 0.3 m/s. Severe slugging type 3, unstable oscillation flow and relatively stable slug flow were observed in the considered flow rates. Severe slugging type 3 characterized by premature gas penetration occurs at relatively low flow rates. Both the cycle time and slug length become shorter as the gas flow rate increases. The pressure at the riser base undergoes a longer period and larger amplitude of fluctuation as compared with the other two flow regimes. Additionally, severe slugging leads to the most vigorous in-plane vibration. However, the responses in the vertical and horizontal directions are not synchronized. The vertical vibration is dominated by the second mode while the horizontal vibration is dominated by the first mode. Similar to the vortex-induced vibration, three branches are identified as initial branch, build-up branch and descending branch for the response versus the mixture velocity of gas-liquid flow.     

减阻技术对海洋油气管线中多相流动与传热的影响

在海洋环境中多相流条件下应用减阻技术,可以在相同的管线压力下,有效提高油气输送量。减阻技术影响多相流的摩擦阻力、持液率和界面现象,可使多相流的的减阻率最高达到60%以上,可减少多相流体与管壁间的传热;某些情况下,减阻技术还能够改变多相流的流型、抑制剧烈弹状流,改善油气输送系统的运行工况。     

The influence of nonlinear hysteretic seabed interaction on slug-induced stress oscillations in steel catenary risers

Steel catenary risers (SCRs) are usually cost-effective solutions in the development of offshore fields and the transferring of the hydrocarbons from the seabed to the floating facilities. These elements are subjected to the fatigue loads particularly in the touchdown zone (TDZ), where the oscillating SCR is exposed to cyclic contact with the seabed. The slug-induced oscillation is a significant contributor to the fatigue loads in the TDZ. The cyclic seabed soil softening under the wave-induced riser oscillations and the gradual penetration of the SCR into the seabed are widely accepted to have a significant influence on SCR fatigue performance. However, this has never been investigated for slug-induced oscillations due to the lack of integrated access to comprehensive numerical models enabling the simulation of the riser slugging and nonlinear hysteretic riser-seabed interaction at the same time. In this paper, an advanced interface was developed and verified using the multi-point moving tie constraint in order to examine the influence of cyclic seabed soil softening on slug-induced oscillations of SCR. The interface was integrated with a pre-developed user subroutine for modeling of the nonlinear hysteretic riser-seabed interaction and incorporated into a global SCR model in ABAQUS. A comprehensive parametric study was conducted to investigate the influence of slug characteristics and nonlinear seabed soil model on slug-induced, wave-induced, and combined wave/slug induced oscillations of SCR in the TDZ. It was observed that the nonlinear seabed model could significantly affect the embedment of the SCR into the seabed under the slug-induced oscillations and consequently improve the fatigue life. The developed user interface was found to be a strong framework for modeling riser slugging.     

Numerical Investigation on Severe Slugging in A Catenary Riser

A mathematical model is presented to study the main characteristics of severe slugging in a downward inclined pipeline followed by a catenary riser. In this model, both simplified transient model and phase distribution model are included so that the flow characteristics of each stage for severe slugging can be accurately reproduced, especially for blowout stage. The results show that the flow features of severe slugging can be simulated by the proposed mathematical model. A good agreement between the experimental data and the numerical results is observed. The model can predict the transient fluctuation of many respects, such as the superficial gas velocity at the bottom of the riser and the average velocity at the outlet of the riser.     

海上风机吸力式桶形基础承载特性研究综述

风机基础作为海上风机整体结构的重要组成部分,承受着上部风机所受到的风浪流荷载,并且对风机的安全性及可靠性至关重要。吸力式桶形基础由于其安装简单和可重复利用等优点,在海洋平台基础中得到了广泛应用,并逐步应用于海上风机基础中。但由于海上风机与海洋平台在海洋环境中的荷载工况有一定的差别,仍需要通过对其承载特性研究现状进行全面认识,以实现吸力式桶形基础在海上风机基础中的可靠应用。文中通过总结和评价现有研究对桶形基础在不同土体条件以及荷载条件下进行试验及数值模拟分析得到的研究结果,综述了静荷载和循环荷载作用下砂土和黏土中的吸力式桶形基础的承载特性研究现状,以及海上风机吸力式桶形基础的相关研究。文章展望了目前应用于海上风机基础的桶形基础仍缺乏的研究,为海上风机吸力式桶形基础的可靠应用及后续研究提供重要参考。     

海上气田气井排液采气技术应用及发展浅谈

目前国内海上气田排液采气工艺措施主要分成两类,一类是可以较长时问采用的工艺技术,主要以连续和间歇气举为主,一类是临时采用的工艺技术,主要有固体泡排和连续油管作业。从排液采气工艺技术应用来看,已经取得了一定的效果,但仍未形成成套技术系列,应用范围受限较大。而受海上气田平台操作空间、气田流体性质、气田完井工艺以及措施成本等各方面的影响,陆地上常用泡沫排水、柱塞气举、小油管排液采气等技术在海上平台应用还有很多瓶颈无法实施。针对目前海上天然气开发实际,初步提出了下阶段可能在海上气田可以适用的排水采气工艺技术和发展方向。     

Friction-controlled selective withdrawal near inlets

A simple analytical model is used to show that, without buoyancy effects, the flow towards an inlet in shallow water exhibits a selective with drawal appearance if the sea floor is shelving towards deeper water offshore. This prediction is confirmed by field experiments in Koombana Bay, south-west Australia, and by a Hele-Shaw cell simulation.     

基于现场实测数据的半潜式平台运动响应分析和极值预测研究

浮式平台承受风浪流等多种海洋环境载荷作用,呈现出复杂的运动学响应状态.通过对"南海挑战号"半潜式平台的实测六自由度响应数据进行分析,采用广义极值分布建立六自由度响应的概率密度和分布模型,并通过K-S(Kolmogorov-Smirnov)检验验证了分布模型的合理性,进而开展了对该平台多年一遇重现期的六自由度响应极值预测研究.通过与平台的初始设计指标进行对比,发现平台的横荡、纵荡等五个自由度表现良好,而垂荡的响应极值超出设计指标,在现场作业中应予以注意研究成果对平台的安全作业具有辅助指导意义,可将预测结果作为极端恶劣海况下,人员提前撤离的辅助决策支持.通过更新平台的监测数据进行极值分析和预测研究可评估平台的性能变化行为.