Change detection from aerial images acquired in different durations

Because of quick development of cities, the update of urban GIS data is very important. Change detection is the base of automatic or semi-automatic data update. One way of change detections in urban area is based on old and new aerial images acquired in different durations. The corresponding theory and experiments are introduced and analyzed in this paper. The main procedure includes four stages. The new and old images have to be registered firstly. Then image matching, based on the maximum correlation coefficient, is performed between registered images after the low contrast areas have been removed. The regions with low matching quality are extracted as candidate changed areas. Thirdly, the Gaussian-Laplacian operator is used to detect edges in candidate changed areas on both the registered images, and the straight lines are detected by Hough transformation. Finally, the changed houses and roads can be detected on the basis of straight line matching in candidate changed areas between registered images.     

基于改进的最大类间方差法的遥感影像变化检测

变化检测技术被广泛应用于灾情估计、环境监测、农作物生长、森林覆盖等多个领域。为了自动获取变化检测的阈值,本文仔细分析了最大类间方差的方法和原理,改进了二维最大类间方差方法在变化检测中的应用,并利用多套遥感影像数据进行了实验,实验表明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

Acquisition of Directional Parameters in Aerial Images Based on DEM Data

This paper develops a method which can be used to assist aerial navigation by determining the spatial position and posture of the aerial photographic plane. After the method, aerial images match known DEM to capture the spatial position and posture. Some aerial images and terrain data are used to testify our method. Compared with those of analytic and stereo mappers, the results by our method are correspondent to real measurements well.     

Acquisition of directional parametes in aerial images based on DEM data

This paper develops a method which can be used to assist aerial navigation by determining the spatial position and posture of the aerial photographic plane. After the method, aerial images match known DEM to capture the spatial position and posture. Some aerial images and terrain data are used to testify our method. Compared with those of analytic and stereo mappers, the results by our method are correspondent to real measurements well.     

利用最小交叉熵的多时相影像变化检测

针对目前多时相遥感影像变化检测中缺少有效的确定变化阈值方法的问题,文章提出一种基于最小交叉熵的方法:采用中值滤波方法分别消除两个时相遥感影像中的噪声;将比值法和差值法融合构造两个时相遥感影像的差异影像;通过最小交叉熵确定差异影像的最佳变化阈值,并对差异影像进行分割得到变化区域;最后对变化检测精度进行评估。实验结果表明,提出的方法具有较高的检测精度,是一种有效的多时相遥感影像变化检测方法。     

Improved seeded region growing for detection of water bodies in aerial images

In aerial images, near-specular and specular reflection often appear in water bodies. They often lead to irregular brightness or color changes in water bodies and even produce hot spots, harmful to radiometric normalization. Therefore, water bodies must be eliminated when calculating radiometric differences during radiometric normalization of aerial images. In this paper, a simple method to detect water bodies in aerial images based on texture features is presented, an improved seeded region growing (SRG) method. A texture feature is calculated using the relative standard deviation index (RSDI) and a coarse-to-fine procedure is employed. The proposed method includes a multiple partition strategy and a refinement in gradient image that improves the reliability and accuracy of water body detection. By fusing water bodies detected in multiple images, hot spots in these water bodies are also detected. Experiments validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Shadow detection and compensation for color aerial images

A method for shadow detection and compensation for color aerial images is presented. It is considered that the intensity value of each image pixel is the product of illumination function and ground object reflection, and the shadowed regions on the image are mainly caused by the short of illumination, so the information compensation for the shadowed regions should concentrate on the illumination adjustment of concerned area on the basis of the analysis of whole image. The shadow detection and compensation procedure proposed by this paper consists of four steps.     

Shadow Detection and Compensation for Color Aerial Images

A method for shadow detection and compensation for color aerial images is presented. It is consid-ered that the intensity value of each image pixel is the product of illumina-tion function and ground object reflec-tion, and the shadowed regions on the image are mainly caused by the short of illumination, so the information compensation for the shadowed re-gions should concentrate on the illumi-nation adjustment of concerned area on the basis of the analysis of whole im-age. The shadow detection and com-pensation procedure proposed by this paper consists of four steps.     

方差齐性检验与模糊评价的遥感影像变化检测

针对高分辨率遥感影像地物空间结构复杂、光谱纹理信息丰富的特点,该文提出一种基于Levene检验及模糊评价的遥感影像变化检测方法。首先,对预处理后的两期影像叠置分割得到图斑对象,提取其光谱、纹理等特征;其次,利用改进的Levene检验法统计各图斑变化信息得到候选变化图斑,经IHS变换获取影像色调信息,结合纹理特征进行变化向量分析;最后,通过迭代的方式确定阈值并计算候选图斑的变化隶属度,确定最终变化区域。选取江苏省某地区ZY-3高分辨率遥感影像进行实验,结果表明:改进的Levene检验法很大程度地减少了后续的计算量,提高了变化检测精度,对于相对辐射差异较大的非变化图斑具有良好的容错性;采用色调-纹理特征及模糊评价法可以有效地降低漏检及虚检率,提高变化检测精度。     

基于倾斜影像的三维城市自动建模

针对传统的基于三维GIS和CAD三维建模技术存在人工干预多、建模速度慢、成本高,不适用于大规模城市三维建模等问题,基于激光点云数据建模技术无法直接获取刚性模型纹理,建模成本高等问题,对目前应用较为广泛的基于倾斜影像三维建模技术的技术要点进了研究。该技术以倾斜多视影像为基础,借助于多视影像特征提取与定向技术、密集匹配与三维重建技术、纹理贴图技术进行三维建模。该方法综合运用计算机视觉技术、摄影测量技术,在保证三维模型定位精度高、纹理细节好的同时,节省人力物力,适用于大规模城市三维建模。     

一种适用于航空影像的无参考模糊探测方法

针对侧风、强风、湍流等飞行环境容易造成航空影像运动模糊,严重影响航空影像质量,同时航空影像数据量大,手动挑选模糊影像费时费力的问题,为了提高航摄内业人员的工作效率,该文研究一种适用于航空影像的自动模糊探测方法,以主流的无参考再模糊算法Reblur和无参考结构清晰度算法NRSS为基础,结合航空影像具有丰富地物的特点,对影像进行分块处理,计算所有字块的Reblur和NRSS模糊探测值,最后得到整幅影像的模糊探测值。其中,再模糊算法通过计算待测影像和参考影像的水平和垂直运动方向上的灰度变化来评价图像模糊度;NRSS算法在结构相似度SSIM算法基础上加入梯度信息提取和高斯滤波等改进,通过计算结构相似度评价图像模糊度。实验结果表明,该文研究的无参考模糊影像探测方法适用于航空影像数据,其评价结果与人眼主观评价结果具有较高的一致性,能够准确地缩小模糊影像的查找范围,极大地提高了航摄内业效率。     

Change detection thresholds for remotely sensed images

 The detection of change in remotely sensed images is often carried out by designating a threshold to distinguish between areas of change and areas of no change. The choice of threshold is often arbitrary however. The purpose of this paper is to offer a statistical framework for the selection of thresholds. The framework accounts for the facts that one carries out multiple tests of the null hypothesis of no change, when searching for regions of change over an image with a large number of pixels. Special attention is given to global spatial autocorrelation, which can affect the selection of appropriate threshold values. Received: 8 March 2001 / Accepted: 12 October 2001     

SFM的倾斜航空影像空中三角测量

针对传统空中三角(简称空三)测量方法处理倾斜航空影像的不足,提出了一种基于SFM算法的倾斜航空影像空三测量方法。首先利用垂直影像空三结果获取初始区域网模型,垂直影像空三解算可通过常规的空三算法或现有的软件获取。然后采用SFM算法,在初始区域网模型的基础上,递增式地恢复倾斜影像的外方位元素,最后将垂直影像和倾斜影像联合进行绝对定向、区域网光束法平差。选用玉树数据进行空三试验,结果表明:本文提出的SFM方法能够精确解算出倾斜航空影像的外方位元素,且空三结果优于现有倾斜影像空三软件Pix4Dmapper,可以作为一种倾斜航空影像定向方法。     

融合多特征的遥感影像变化检测

常规多时相遥感影像变化检测主要基于光谱信息,没有充分利用纹理、几何、形状等多种特征信息,不足以体现检测目标的完整性和准确性。本文针对不同特征在变化检测中应用的优势,在提取影像多种特征的基础上,构建了1维和多维两种基于信息融合策略的变化检测方法,即利用1维特征空间加权距离相似度运算、多维特征空间的模糊集融合和支持向量机融合策略进行变化检测。利用多时相QuickBird高分辨率遥感影像进行城市土地覆盖变化检测试验,结果表明,本文方法可以有效集成不同特征的优势与表征变化信息的能力,提高变化检测过程的稳定性和适用性,同时能够更好地保持变化地物的结构和形状,突出主要变化目标。     

POS数据辅助的航空影像变化检测方法研究

提出了一种利用机载定位定向系统(POS)数据辅助航空影像进行影像匹配和变化检测的方法。首先利用带POS数据的老影像解求新影像的外方位元素,然后在老立体影像上提取特征点,根据前方交会和共线条件方程得到新影像上同名点的近似位置,再与新影像进行匹配,寻找匹配不好的点作为变化区域的初始位置。以此为基础选择精检测窗口,进行边缘提取和跟踪,并进行链码匹配,最终确定发生变化的区域。试验证实,本文方法是可行的。     

基于深度学习的航空遥感影像密集匹配

本文探讨了深度学习在航空影像密集匹配中的性能,并与经典方法进行了比较,对模型泛化能力进行了评估。首先,实现了MC-CNN(matching cost convolutional neural network)、GC-Net(geometry and context network)、DispNet(disparity estimation network)3种代表性卷积神经元网络在航空立体像对上的训练和测试,并与传统方法SGM(semi-global matching)和商业软件SURE进行了比较。其次,利用直接迁移学习方法,评估了各模型在不同数据集间的泛化能力。最后,利用预训练模型和少量目标数据集样本,评估了模型微调的效果。试验包含3套航空影像、2套开源街景影像。试验表明:①与传统的遥感影像密集匹配方法相比,目前深度学习方法略有优势;②GC-Net与MC-CNN表现了良好的泛化能力,在开源数据集上训练的模型可以直接应用于遥感影像,且3PE(3-pixel-error)精度没有明显下降;③在训练样本不足时,利用预训练模型做初值并进行参数微调可以得到比直接训练更好的结果。     

DT-CWT结合MRF的遥感图像变化检测

为了解决多尺度遥感图像变化检测在降噪时丢失大量高频信息及单一像素孤立性的问题,提出了一种双树复小波变换DT-CWT(Dual-tree Complex Wavelet Transform)和马尔可夫随机场MRF(Markov Random Field)相结合的非监督遥感图像变化检测算法,首先采用DT-CWT对差异图像进行多尺度分解,并根据MRF模型分割算法提取高频区域的变化特征,然后进行相应层的高、低频重构,再对重构后的各层建立MRF模型并根据贝叶斯最大后验概率准则MAP(Maximum A Posterior)进行最终分割,最后对各层分割结果进行求交融合,得到最终的变化检测结果掩膜图。对比实验结果表明,该方法在去除杂点和噪声的同时能够较好地保留高频信息,并且边缘检测更加平滑,具有较高的变化检测精度和很好的鲁棒性。     

多尺度分割的高分辨率遥感影像变化检测

针对高空间分辨率的遥感影像,提出了一种基于多尺度分割的变化检测算法。采用Mean-Shift分割算法对影像进行多尺度分割,构建了不同尺度上的地理对象,以不同尺度上的地理对象灰度均值构建了变化检测的多尺度特征向量,采用变化矢量分析法获得最后的变化检测结果。以城镇区和农田区的Quick Bird影像对本文算法进行了检验,从精度评价的效果来看,无论城镇区还是农田区,采用面向对象的变化检测方法精度都高于基于单像素的检测方法,且当尺度层数固定时,多尺度组合的变化检测结果优于单一尺度的变化检测结果,对城镇、农田区域的变化检测的精度分别达到87.57%和81.55%。本文算法既可以顾及大面积同质区域变化,又可以反映小的地物目标及边缘部分的变化,能够很好地满足城镇、农田等不同环境背景下的变化检测需求,在国土资源监测中具有一定的应用价值。     

SIFT特征算子在低空遥感影像全自动匹配中的应用

低空遥感影像由于其飞行平台的不稳定性,影像间旋偏角和比例尺差异较大,因此常用的基于区域灰度的匹配方法很难获得令人满意的匹配结果,甚至无法进行匹配。本文针对低空遥感影像的特点,介绍了基于SIFT算子的特征匹配原理及其在低空遥感影像全自动匹配中的应用。试验结果表明,利用核线约束进行SIFT特征匹配,其速度和精度能够满足低空遥感影像的应用需求。     

改进Fisher判别分类的遥感影像变化检测

Fisher判别分类的好坏关键在于训练样本集选取的精度和在降维过程中样本特征信息的损失程度,基于此问题,本文根据不同时相同一地区的遥感影像的差值影像中各像素本身的灰度值及其邻域平均灰度值特征获得其一维和二维直方图,针对差值影像无噪和带噪两种情况,根据直方图信息选取Fisher判别分析所需的训练样本,同时为了尽可能降低判别分析过程中有用信息的损失,将所得到的原训练样本集进行非线性变换,使其映射到高维空间中,利用映射后的训练样本求得Fisher判别规则。实验结果表明:与基于原训练样本的Fisher判别分类和基于寻找更多的样本特征的Fisher判别分类方法生成结果相比,在差值影像无噪和带噪情况下,本文提出的方法具有更好的变化检测精度和抗噪性。