多约束条件下示意性道路网地图渐进式综合(英文)

Multiple constraints for schematic road network map cartographic design are analyzed and summarized. Based on this, a set of quantitative criteria are set up and a new road network generalization method including progressive selection and displacement is proposed. Furthermore, topological checking methods for road networks are researched. Based on these constraints, the points in a road network are classified, and a satisfactory and effective schematic map is designed in a con- crete experiment while maintaining topological consistency of the road network between the original and the schematic map     

道路网示意性地图的渐进式综合研究

研究并总结了示意性道路网地图的制图规则,量化了约束条件,提出了一种道路网渐进式图形简化方法和移位方法,并研究了拓扑关系检查方法。在具体实验中,通过对道路网上点的分类,依据约束条件,快速生成有效的道路网示意性地图,同时保证了原始道路图与示意性道路图之间的拓扑关系一致性。     

Stroke构造、移位一体化的道路网示意化方法

针对当前常用示意性地图生成方法中往往存在简化程度不够、未考虑长度信息以及时间效率低等问题,提出了stroke构造、移位一体化的道路网示意化方法。该方法在对道路网进行stroke划分构造的同时,直接对其进行渐进式的移位示意化及拓扑检查。同时本文还提出利用相似分形维数来定量比较并验证不同示意化方法的有效性。试验表明,本算法在考虑原始线形的基础上,示意化过程简单,时间效率较高,减少了拓扑冲突问题,保证了拓扑一致性及路网的均衡分布,具有较好的清晰度和认知度。     

道路地图示意性表达的可用性评估

当前示意性地图表达主要针对公共交通网络,缺乏对道路地图示意性表达可用性评估研究。本文选取景区和街道两个典型道路场景,采用最新的自动示意化方法生成示意地图,以主观问卷调查结合客观眼动试验的方式,评估道路地图示意性表达的可用性。试验结果表明:①示意性表达能够提升道路地图的简化度、清晰度及用户满意度,尤其对于原始道路形状较为复杂的情况;②示意地图中路径形状简化会造成不同路径感知长度差异的改变,从而影响到人们路径抉择行为;③对于路径示意性结果增加了道路网密集程度的情况,会降低示意地图认知效率。本文研究成果有助于道路地图自动示意性表达规则完善和方法优化,能够进一步提升地图示意性表达的实用性。     

空间分析方法在道路网自动综合拓扑构建中的应用

在道路网的自动综合中,一般的方法都必须对道路网进行自动拓扑生成,建立起点、线、面之间的关系,以利于道路选取时网眼的分析和选取后的路径分析。本文考虑到数字地图的数据特点,在进行道路网自动拓扑过程中,对经常遇到的线状要素无法合理构面的问题进行分析并提出了合理的解决方法。方法中主要运用了缓冲区分析和叠置分析,通过把居民地层数据叠置到道路层数据进行联合分析,为道路网的自动选取构建出了正确的空间拓扑关系。     

对偶图节点重要度的道路网自动选取方法

采用对偶拓扑方法构建基于广义路网拓扑的复杂交通网络,通过引入m阶邻居节点概念,考虑复杂交通网络中节点度、介中心及节点间距离等因素,顾及节点自身及1到m阶邻居节点的重要度贡献,定义了节点重要度评价模型,进而提出一种基于m阶邻居节点重要度贡献的道路网自动选取方法,并基于网络最小规模原则保持选取道路的连通性。为检验方法的有效性,引入度分布评价所选取道路对路网整体结构及拓扑特性的保持程度,并采用实际城市路网进行试验,结果表明本文方法选取的路网能较好地保持了原始路网的整体结构、拓扑特性及道路连通性,且算法稳定、可靠。     

General Principles for Automated Generation of Schematic Network Maps

Usually, a street map contains various types of detailed information and appears to be crowded. As a result, to many users, a street map looks complicated and is not easy to read and follow. In fact, to a certain degree, too much detail makes the map uninformative and noisy. The London tube map, called a schematic or topological map in some literature, has often been cited as an excellent example of a simplified map. Algorithms have been developed by researchers to automate the generation of schematic maps for road networks. However, it is found that there is still a lack of defined general principles and here four general principles have been formulated for schematisation – the Principle of the Preservation of the Topological Relationship; the Principle of the Preservation of the Main Structure of the Line Network; the Principle of Relativity in Position; and the Principle of Relativity in Length. The first two are the principles of preservation: these two should never be violated. The last two are principles of relativity: it is very desirable to keep these two intact unless there is an absolute need to violate them.     

道路网络示意图的多边形生长算法

道路网络示意图是实体网络的抽象表示,因其更加符合人的认知习惯,在地图服务与地图制图领域已得到初步应用。以路径为单位的网络示意图自动生成算法只顾及节点与线段的局部布置,且较难以维护网络拓扑一致性。本文以闭合多边形(网眼)为基本单位,利用网眼的独立性与邻接性,提出了多边形生长算法,核心思想是将道路网络分类为闭合多边形与非闭合线段,以闭合多边形提取、映射、优化为主线,辅助组合非闭合线段。算例分析验证,本算法在网络均衡分布及拓扑一致性方面具有优势。     

基于复杂网络理论的城市道路网络自动综合方法

道路网络自动综合是地图综合的主要研究课题。本文通过引入对偶拓扑理论建立了城市道路网络的对偶拓扑结构,并将道路的重要性表达为路网中所有道路的重要度贡献的总和,进而提出了一种道路网络自动综合方法。实验表明,本文方法可以较为合理地选取路网中相对重要的道路,所选路网保持了原始路网的整体形态及拓扑连通。     

顾及拓扑联通性的互通式立交桥增量更新

由于互通式立交桥错综复杂的拓扑结构特点,使互通式立交桥更新时存在拓扑联通性维护困难的问题,针对该问题提出一种顾及拓扑联通性的互通式立交桥增量更新方法.该方法以21种互通式立交桥类型为基础,通过分析每种类型的拓扑结构特点,用计算匝道数和平面交点数组成的二元组值来识别这21种互通式立交桥;根据不同类型互通式立交桥需要维护的...     

利用化简分割生成示意性网络地图

从整体到局部相互协调是示意性网络地图的关键所在,已有方法多是单纯地将线段作为示意基本单元,当空间要素分布不均衡时,容易产生示意结果全局表达不一致以及局部要素过于紧凑而变形的现象。考虑网络连通与网络闭合这两个性质,提出了一种化简分割生成方法,核心思想是根据连通化简网络,进而依据闭合构建网眼与线段两种基本示意单元。首先,对网络节点化简以及方向、长度调整,形成整体一致的化简网络;其次,将化简网络分割为网眼集合与线段集合;第三,建立从网眼至线段的示意化过程,通过网眼局部控制以避免要素过于紧凑。实验讨论了本文方法在不同示意约束规则之下的表现效果,与经典迭代寻优方法的对比分析表明,在网络整体形态保持与局部要素布置方面具有一定的优势。     

多特征约束的高分辨率光学遥感影像道路提取

针对复杂场景中的遥感影像道路提取问题,论文提出了一种多特征约束的影像道路提取方法,并开展了论文方法可行性论证。该方法首先,根据道路宽度的先验知识以及道路的几何特征,提出一种改进的线段二次提取模型,利用线段长度和道路宽度确定候选道路种子点集;其次,输入道路结构信息,基于道路辐射特征对候选道路种子点进行整体匹配评价;再次,当候选道路种子无法符合辐射特征要求时,提出一种浅色机动车检测模型,以此将浅色机动车结果作为道路上下文特征,利用道路上下文特征对候选道路种子点进行分析;然后,构建道路拓扑分析模型,依据道路拓扑特征对候选道路种子点进行最终验证;最后,对提取道路种子点进行优化处理,并提出道路跟踪及拟合方法。通过不同复杂场景、不同分辨率高分辨率遥感影像下开展的不同方法实验结果对比分析表明,相对于其他商用软件ECognition和Erdas的方法,本方法自动化程度更高,运行效率高,适用于解决道路类型多样化、几何光谱噪声大的复杂场景道路提取问题。     

基于点序列和要素加权法的地图匹配算法

浮动车数据(Floating Car Data,FCD)已广泛应用于城市规划、智能交通系统中,其中地图匹配一直以来都是浮动车数据应用的技术难点。本文在已有地图匹配算法的基础上,提出了基于点序列和要素加权法的地图匹配模型,不仅考虑了当前GPS点的信息,同时也考虑了GPS数据的历史信息和道路网的拓扑结构,从空间关系上分析车辆行驶轨迹和道路的相似性。作者通过上海市出租车轨迹数据对算法进行验证,结果表明:该匹配模型解决了已有地图匹配算法的一些弊端,并且提高了地图匹配的精度,具有高效、实用的特点。     

示意性地图自动设计初探

分析并总结示意性地图的理论基础和基本设计原则。在几种基于矢量制图信息的典型示意性地图设计方法的基础上,提出基于几何、语义多约束条件下的示意性地图的设计方案。采用迭代优化算法,自动生成满足几何、语义和审美要求的示意性地图。     

顾及结构和几何特征的道路自动选取方法

提出了一种顾及结构和几何特征的道路网自动选取方法。综合考虑道路的度中心性、集聚系数和路划的几何长度等道路选取影响因素,提出一种道路重要性评价方法。实验结果表明,本文方法能够很好地保持选取道路网的整体与局部结构、拓扑结构以及路网连通性。基于该方法,由大比例尺地图选取出的小比例尺地图与相应标准比例尺地图保持较高的一致性,表明该方法是稳定可靠的。     

Road hierarchy with integration of attributes using fuzzy-AHP

Road objects in a network data model are categorised into a hierarchical structure in accordance with their functions and capacities. In this study; five road attributes derived from semantic, geometric and topological properties of network data set (i.e. road class, road length and centralities of degree, closeness and betweenness) are utilised for the creation of road network hierarchy. The relationships with each attributes except road class and their effects on the determination of road importance are analysed by using a distribution graph and the equation of Pearson correlation coefficient. For creating road network hierarchy, integration process is achieved through the application of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process assuming attributes as the fuzzy criteria. The integration process is followed by the calculation of new priority attribute that indicates the importance of road objects. At the end of the process, road class, which is the most important attribute, is also used for the validation of proposed methodology. The results show that the new priority value of a road is superior to its each attribute value in hierarchical organisation.     

道路网信息层次度量方法

针对目前以信息熵度量道路网信息方法存在的不合理、不准确的问题,该文提出一种基于空间认知的道路网信息层次度量方法。从地图空间信息产生的本质出发,结合空间信息认知的层次性特点,将道路网空间信息划分为3个层次:元素层次道路要素的几何形态信息、邻域层次邻接道路的空间关系信息、整体层次道路分布信息。依据各层次空间特征的多样性,分别建立3个层次空间特征的定量描述指标,计算基于各指标的几何形态信息、空间关系信息、道路分布信息。最后,通过实验分析验证了该方法的合理性。     

一种支持城市路网交通关系自动化的智能模型

针对车载导航、地图网站等应用中路网要素之间交通关系维护的难题,提出一种支持路网要素交通关系自动化的智能过程模型,将路网要素交通关系自动化过程理解为由路网要素间的空间和语义关系、规则集和控制系统组成的产生式系统.该产生式系统可在路网要素空间和语义信息基础上,通过定义可扩展的交通关系规则集,自动化地生成符合应用需求的路网要素间的交通关系.此外,在该产生式系统中引入触发器概念监控和响应几何网络及其交通关系规则集的变更,实时更新逻辑网络中的连通关系信息,实现几何网络、规则集和逻辑网络三者的一致性.同时,提出路网要素交通关系处理的控制策略和关键流程,并对该智能网络模型的有效性进行了验证.

Abstract：

Maintaining the traffic connectivity relations between road features has always been a time consuming task for in-vehicle navigation, map website, and other traveling service related applications. Such a task has been commonly conducted artificially and inevitably inefficient, yet makes data quality control difficult. Considering the intrinsic rules of traffic connectivity formed by the geometrical structures, spatial and semantic relationships between road features in city road networks, an intelligent processing model is set forward in this paper for traffic connectivity automation. It is argued that traffic connectivity automation between road features is fundamentally a production system composed of the spatial and semantic relations between road features, connectivity rules and control system. With the implementation of an extendable connectivity rule set, the traffic connectivity relations between road network features are built automatically based on the spatial and semantic information of road network. The trigger concept is adopted to monitor and respond the changes in geometrical network and connectivity rules, and then dynamically updates the traffic connectivity between road network features in logical network so as to guarantee the consistence between geometrical network, connectivity rules and logical network. A series of control strategies and a conducting engine are developed to maintain the traffic connectivity relations. A case study conducted on a real road network verifies the effects of the proposed intelligent model.     

基于网络拓扑结构的多摄像头移动对象辅助协同跟踪

针对当前公共安全监控系统在应对突发事件时,因监视器数量多、信息量大、事件变化快等因素而导致的不能及时有效地对移动对象进行跟踪的问题,提出了一种基于拓扑结构的多摄像头移动对象辅助协同跟踪方法。首先将城市路网中的摄像头监控区域抽象为虚拟节点定位至结点弧段模型中,构建摄像头网络拓扑结构;根据拓扑关系搜索出与发现移动对象的摄像头关联的摄像头集合;再分析摄像头间的空间邻近关系和时间差异,获取时序关系最优的摄像头组作为重点监控区域进行移动对象跟踪,并定期进行协同更新。最后建立了一个模拟监控系统验证了利用多摄像头协同方法实现对移动对象实时跟踪的有效性。     

An automated method for the selection of complex railway lines that accounts for multiple feature constraints

The automatic selection of railway marshaling lines is an important procedure in the generalization of road network data. The line selection results must be geometrically consistent with the topological features of the external/internal structural and topological connectivity of the railway stations. When current methods are used to process the lines at railway marshaling stations, which exhibit crisscrossing, dense, non‐hierarchical, and complex characteristics, the selected lines tend to be topologically and structurally erroneous. In this article, we propose an automated method for the selection and generalization of complex railway lines that accounts for multiple feature constraints. First, we identify four types of line structures in accordance with the spatial and topological features of railway stations. Then, based on length and spacing thresholds specified for the generalization process, line selection is performed while accounting for constraints regarding structural robustness and topological extensibility. Finally, we report the validation of our method on a dataset relating to Chengdu Railway Station, China. The results indicate that our method successfully preserves the external and internal structural features and connectivity of railway stations.