1988—2007年辽宁主要农业气象灾害分析

应用灰色关联分析方法,对1988—2007年辽宁主要农业气象灾害(旱灾、洪涝灾害、风雹灾和霜冻灾害)受灾面积与粮食总产量的关联度进行动态分析。结果表明：对于受灾除了干旱灾害呈上升趋势外,其他灾害都呈下降趋势;对于成灾,洪涝灾害和风雹灾害呈下降趋势,其他灾害呈上升趋势。旱灾对辽宁农业粮食生产造成的影响程度最大,其次是洪涝灾害、霜冻灾害和风雹灾害。     

广西农业气象灾害灾情统计特征与灰色关联分析

利用广西1991～2011年农业受灾面积和农业总产值资料,对广西近21a的主要农业气象灾害进行统计,并采用灰色关联法对影响广西农业生产的主要气象灾害进行定量辨析与评价,得到各灾种对农业生产影响权重：涝灾＞旱灾＞风雹灾＞低温冷害灾.合理客观的对各种灾害情况进行综合评价,对于做好防灾减灾工作具有基础性的指导意义.     

河池市2000—2011年主要农业气象灾害灾情特征分析

利用广西河池市2000—2011年旱灾、涝灾、风雹灾三种农业气象灾害受灾面积和农业总产值资料,采用线性分析方法和灰色关联分析方法,对河池市近12a的主要农业气象灾害进行分析。结果表明:从变化趋势来看,旱灾和涝灾呈现增加趋势,风雹灾呈减小趋势。利用灰色关联分析得出:各灾种影响河池农业生产总值的权重:旱灾涝灾风雹灾。合理客观的对各种灾害情况进行综合评价,为农业生产、防灾减灾工作的综合决策提供了参考依据。     

基于层次分析法的农业气象灾害风险区划指标权重分析

采用层次分析法对影响河池农业生产的主要气象灾害进行定量辨析与评价,得到各气象灾种对农业生产影响的权重:涝灾旱灾风雹灾低温冷害灾。构建的各层次评价指标的判断矩阵均通过一致性检验,具有一致性,表明计算出的各灾害指标权重合理可靠,可以作为当地农业生产结构布局和调整、气象防灾减灾工作决策提供参考依据。     

气象灾害对陕西省粮食生产的影响

利用陕西省1971—2014年期间气象灾害和粮食生产数据,分析了气象灾害的特征及其对粮食生产的影响。结果表明:1971年以来,陕西省因气象灾害造成的农业受灾面积及成灾面积总体上呈波动下降趋势,其中,干旱造成的受灾面积及成灾面积呈下降趋势,洪涝、大风冰雹及低温灾害造成的农业受灾及成灾面积呈上升趋势;气象灾害强度呈波动加重趋势,进入21世纪以来有所下降;陕西因气象灾害造成的粮食减产量年平均达111.1万t,占全年粮食总产的11.1%,年际变化呈波动增加趋势,进入21世纪以来呈下降趋势。总体来看,旱涝灾害是影响陕西粮食生产的主要气象灾害;气象灾害对陕西粮食生产的影响呈波动增加趋势,20世纪90年代影响最重,进入21世纪后有所缓解。     

层次分析法在福建省农业气象灾害综合评价中的应用

采用层次分析法对影响福建省农业生产的主要气象灾害(干旱、洪涝、风雹、低温冻害)进行量化分析,得到其对农业生产的影响权重:水灾＞旱灾＞冻害＞风雹灾.利用福建省1980-2004年农业受灾和成灾面积资料,建立农业气象灾情的综合评价模型对福建省近25年的农业气象灾害进行定量的综合评价.结果表明,福建省农业气象灾害的中灾及以下灾情的出现频率占总数的88%,1997年灾情最重,1984年最轻.进一步分析发现,农业气象灾害对农业生产的危害随年代增大.     

2013年吉林省农业气象条件及其对农业生产的影响概述

2013年吉林省作物生长季农业气象条件总的特点是：气温略高,积温偏多,降水偏多,日照正常稍少。粮食主产区农业气象灾害发生种类比常年少、发生程度轻,农业病虫害影响也较轻,初霜期正常稍晚,主要粮食作物在霜冻前正常成熟。但局地农业气象灾害仍然存在,如春季遭遇低温春涝,造成作物播种期延迟,作物灌浆期出现明显低温时段,中南部、东部地区汛期出现局地暴雨洪涝等灾害。总体上看,气象条件对农业生产的影响利多弊少,且利远大于弊。积温多、农田墒情好、农业气象灾害程度轻,病虫害影响较小是今年吉林省粮豆总产量创历史新高的首要因素。     

近20a我国农业气象灾害变化趋势及其原因分析

根据《中国统计年鉴(2014)》《中国水旱灾害公报(2014)》《中国气象灾害年鉴》《中国气象年鉴》等资料,利用统计方法和综合分析法,对1995—2014年(近20 a)影响我国农业生产的主要气象灾害的变化趋势及其原因进行了分析。结果表明:我国农业受灾面积和成灾面积总体呈下降趋势,其中暴雨洪涝和干旱造成的农业受灾面积波动较大,重大以上洪涝灾害5 a一遇,重大以上旱灾10 a一遇,风雹灾害和冷冻灾害总体变化不大;大气环流异常造成的年降雨量时空分布不均是导致我国农业暴雨洪涝和干旱灾害变化的主要气象原因;加强气象灾害防御工程建设,不断发挥气象灾害预警作用,科学实施退耕还林工程,调整农业生产布局,既是保证我国农业不断适应气候变化、避免或减轻气象灾害的有效措施,也是近20 a来我国农业气象灾害面积总体呈下降趋势的社会原因。     

青海省2005年上半年气象灾情综述

2005年上半年，青海省发生的气象灾害主要有雪灾、旱灾、洪灾、雷电、低温冻害、霜冻、雹灾7种类型；由气象等因素诱发的灾害主要有雪崩、山体滑坡2种类型。     

干旱灾害对粮食安全的影响及其应对技术研究进展与展望

干旱是当今世界出现频率最高、持续时间最长、危害范围最广的重大气象灾害，对全球农业、生态、社会发展和国民经济等影响巨大而广泛。农业旱灾是影响农业生产的重要因素，农业生产关乎着国家粮食安全。我国是一个农业大国，同时也是一个旱灾频发的国家，深入了解农业干旱灾害的成因、影响特征、旱灾强度、严重程度以及作物致灾的生理过程和机理等是提升农业干旱灾害监测预测预警水平、减轻和防御灾害损失、提高国家粮食安全生产需要解决的重要科学问题。本文综合回顾了国内外不同程度的农业干旱及其对粮食生产影响的最新研究进展，从农作物形态、生理、细胞和分子水平等方面探究了干旱影响特征及机制，围绕粮食生产如何有效应对农业干旱问题，评述了当前农业干旱监测的主要指标、方法、预警系统等，针对农业可持续发展和干旱新特征，讨论了当前防旱减灾和农业干旱应对的现状，强调了适应与减缓并举的一系列干旱应对措施，在此基础上结合国家、区域和行业发展需求提出了今后应着重加强的重要科学问题、研究对策及学科发展展望。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.