干热岩用耐高温钻井液关键技术及进展

干热岩（HDR）是一种可再生绿色清洁能源,其勘探开发具有埋藏深,地层破碎,压力异常,井温梯度高,孔底温度高（通常大于200 ℃）等特点,在钻井过程中易出现钻井液漏失量大,孔壁失稳掉块卡钻等问题。本文通过分析干热岩耐高温钻井液关键技术难点：处理剂及体系抗温问题、起泡问题、漏失、井壁失稳等问题。同时通过对国内外目前干热岩用耐高温钻井液体系进展及应用情况介绍,开展干热岩钻探耐高温钻井液技术发展方向研究,以期对推动我国干热岩资源勘探开发提供有效的技术支撑。     

“双碳”背景下我国干热岩资源勘查技术现状及展望

干热岩资源作为地热资源的重要赋存形式,属于新兴地热能源,因其能量巨大、分布广泛、清洁低碳、热能稳定持续的优点被看作是极具开发前景的战略性接替能源。在“双碳”背景下,开发干热岩地热能在调整能源结构、完善清洁能源供给体系和推进生态文明建设方面具有重大现实及战略意义,干热岩资源勘查是其开发利用深度与广度的前提和基础。在论述我国干热岩资源分布概况和现有开展的勘探工程成果的基础上,阐述了目前常用于干热岩资源勘查的遥感、地球物理、地球化学技术的机理、研究进展及优缺点,单一勘查技术均有一定的局限性和适用性,提出了今后应从加强地热勘查技术综合应用、新勘查技术开发研究、高精度探测设备研制等方面开展攻关研究,从而提升干热岩资源勘查与评价程度和精度,以期对我国未来干热岩资源勘查及开发利用提供技术参考和借鉴,为促进我国节能减排、能源结构调整以及缓解能源资源压力提供支撑。     

增强型地热系统在碳酸盐岩型深层地热能开发利用中的应用进展

地热能是一种储量大、分布范围广、清洁环保的可再生能源,其中深层干热岩地热能最具开发潜力。增强型地热系统是开发深层干热岩地热能的有效手段,在碳酸盐岩热储区已广泛应用,取得了良好的经济社会效益。系统总结了国内外增强型地热系统在碳酸盐岩型地热开发中的进展和经验,分析了国内发展现状,认为加强基础理论研究、核心技术攻关和工程示范,尽快形成具有中国特色的深部地热能开采方案,是今后工作的重点方向之一。     

青海钻获大规模可利用干热岩

近日,青海省共和盆地干热岩钻探项目取得重大进展,在地下2230米处钻获发现温度达153℃的干热岩,仅钻孔控制干热岩面积已达150平方公里,潜力巨大。据悉,这是我国首次发现大规模可利用的干热岩。 干热岩通常埋藏在3000米～1万米以下,是没有水或蒸汽的、致密不参透的热岩体,温度在150℃～650℃之间,是一种可用于高温发电的清洁能源。     

我国东南沿海干热岩赋存前景及与靶区选址研究

干热岩资源是未来重要的清洁型能源,干热岩资源靶区选址是进行干热岩资源开发利用最基础的工作。本文在综合国内外相关干热岩开发项目的基础上,系统总结了干热岩选址的地热地质学指标,并对我国东南沿海地区的干热岩赋存背景进行论述,选取了广东阳江新州、广东惠州黄沙洞、雷琼断陷盆地、海南陵水等几个地区作为我国东南沿海干热岩开发的重点潜力靶区,在综合分析各靶区深部地热地质背景、深部热异常的基础上,建立了研究区深部温度场模型,进行了干热岩资源靶区选址对比研究,对下一步优先勘查靶区及勘查方案提出了建议。     

液动潜孔锤用于干热岩钻进的优化与试验

我国目前能源结构对化石燃料依赖度过高,在全球能源转型的大环境下,作为一种新型清洁能源,干热岩具有储量巨大、资源丰富、分布广泛等优势。针对干热岩勘探开发中高温硬岩钻进的技术难点,对YZX178型液动潜孔锤进行了结构优化,并在某干热岩井中进行了试验应用。试验结果证实了YZX178型液动潜孔锤用于干热岩等坚硬地层进行冲击回转钻进的可行性和高效性,获得了与螺杆钻具接近的机械钻速,且具有节能环保、安全性高、维护方便、节约成本、高温适应性强等优势,但仍需进一步解决其工作寿命与牙轮钻头相匹配的问题。     

干热岩地热储层综合评价技术的建立与应用

地热能具有清洁、低碳、环保、稳定的特点,干热岩作为地热能的一种,是一类新兴的环境友好型资源,能够有效推进构建能源结构利用的多元化。通过对研究区太古界干热岩地热储层综合评价技术的研究,参照岩性特征及储层发育特征,建立了利用多种测井信息进行岩性识别、储层划分和地层温度评价的方法;在岩心和岩屑录井资料分析的基础上,利用不同岩性测井曲线特征差异性分析和交会图进行岩性的识别和划分;结合常规测井、成像测井和偶极阵列声波测井等多种测井信息,形成干热岩地热储层的识别方法,并建立储层类别划分标准;利用时间推移测量井温的方式进行地层温度的推算。实际应用已证明这一测井评价方法的适用性与有效性,可为干热岩的有效开发提供技术支撑。     

干热岩勘查评价指标与形成条件

干热岩具有利用率高、无污染、储量巨大、分布较广、持续稳定、安全性好等特点,被全球公认为在21世纪能够取代化石能源的一种最优质的、可再生的新型清洁能源.目前对于干热岩的成因机理还没有定论,而对于干热岩的勘探寻找、远景区的圈定以及资源评价也有不同的观点,为了有利于干热岩勘探开发,本文在综述前人研究工作基础上,总结归纳了干热...     

碳中和目标驱动下干热岩和增强型地热系统增产技术发展

地热能作为一种清洁低碳、稳定连续的非碳基能源,可为实现碳中和、碳达峰目标提供重要保障.通过回顾国内外干热岩和增强型地热系统的开发现状,储层改造建造技术现状和近期发展,微地震监测技术发展和诱发地震灾害评估方法进展,示踪技术进步和电磁法的监测潜力,展望干热岩和增强型地热系统增产技术发展前景和研究开发方向,为相关的工程技术和研究人员提供参考.     

中国陆区干热岩勘探靶区优选：来自国内外干热岩系统成因机制的启示

干热岩是指地下高温但由于低孔隙度和渗透率而缺少流体的岩石（体），储存于干热岩中的热量需要通过人工压裂形成增强地热系统（EGS）才能得以开采，赋存于干热岩中在当前技术经济条件下可以开采的地热能被称为干热岩型地热资源，它是人类未来的重要替代新能源之一.干热岩的研究始于20世纪70年代，经过近50年的不断发展，干热岩在理论和实践两方面都有了长足发展，美国、日本、法国、德国、澳大利亚等发达国家相继投入巨资进行干热岩勘查、评价和开发实验，并且初步形成了商业开发的成功范例.实践表明，干热岩地热资源是深层地热能的一部分，往往与高温水热系统共热源且存在共生关系，但其地质条件复杂，开采难度较大，应倡导“深层地热能”和“广义EGS”概念，即按照EGS技术着眼深层水热型和干热岩型地热能整体开发.为了克服诱发地震等环境安全问题，干热岩压裂造储技术研发方向正在从“刚性造储”向“柔性造储”发展.近几年来，我国分别在青海、西藏、四川、福建、广东、湖南、黑龙江、海南等高热流区域进行了干热岩地质勘查，并在青海共和、山东利津、广东惠州、四川康定、冀东马头营和琼北等地相继开展了干热岩初步钻探，但仅在青海共和的干热岩勘探与开...     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861