长江中下族及邻区区域铅同位素组成背景及其应用

本文系统地研究了长江中下游及邻区区域各类地质体铅同位素组成背景。研究表明;区域各类地质体铅同位素组成特征是受原始地幔的不均一性、壳幔交换的动力学过程、层圈铀、钍、铅丰度及作用发生的时间等诸因素控制,为此,通过区域铅同位素背景的研究可以为地球化学分区、示踪物质来源及区域成矿预测提供有意义的信息。     

深穿透地球化学异常源同位素识别研究:以新疆金窝子金矿床、内蒙古拜仁达坝—维拉斯托多金属矿床为例

通过研究两个已知隐伏矿床(新疆金窝子金矿床、内蒙古拜仁达坝—维拉斯托多金属矿床)不同介质(地气、细粒级土壤、围岩、矿石)中的铅、硫同位素特征,探讨铅、硫同位素对地气、土壤中异常物质来源的示踪,得到以下结论:(1)两矿床的介质从地气、矿石、围岩到土壤,铅同位素比值(208Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb、206Pb/204Pb)一般依次增加;土壤异常区相对土壤背景区,δ34S偏高。但对两个矿床背景区、异常区地气中的铅同位素组成、土壤中的铅、硫同位素组成进行方差分析后发现,数据均没有明显的差异,从统计学的角度初步证明研究区不适宜用铅、硫同位素示踪地气、土壤中异常物质的来源。(2)两个矿床的矿石、围岩中铅同位素组成均有明显差异,即围岩中明显有放射成因铅的积累。但这种差异没有显著地反映到背景区、异常区的地气中,原因有待进一步查证。仅从捕获剂的角度初步探讨了其原因。用土壤全量中铅、硫同位素组成特征来示踪土壤异常源,并没有成功,建议采用偏提取的方法测量其中活动态中的铅、硫同位素组成,在深穿透地球化学研究中更合理。     

Lead Isotopic Composition and Lead Source of the Huogeqi Cu-Pb-Zn Deposit, Inner Mongolia, China

The Huogeqi orefield located on the northern side of Mt. Langshan, Inner Mongolia occurs in the Middle Proterozoic Langshan Group metamorphic rocks, and the orebodies arc stratiform. In the past twenty years, many Chinese geologists have conducted researches on the Huogeqi Cu-Pb-Zn deposit, but there has been still a controversy on its origin. Some advocate that the deposit is of sedimentary-metamorphic rcworking origin, some hold that it is of sea-floor SEDEX origin, and others have a preference for magmatic superimposition origin. The crux of the controversy is that there is no common understanding about the source of ore-forming materials. In this paper, the Pb isotopic compositions of regional Achaean-Early Proterozoic basement rocks, various types of sedimentary- metamorphic rocks and volcanic rocks in the mining district, Late Proterozoic and Hercynian magmatic rocks arc introduced and compared with the orc-lead composition, so as to constrain the source of the ore lead. The result indicates that （1） sulfides in the ores have homogeneous Pb isotopic compositions, showing a narrow variation range. Their ^206pb/^204pb ratios arc within a range of 17.027- 17.317; ^207Pb/^204pb ratios, 15.451-15.786 and ^208Pb/^204pb ratios, 36.747-37.669; （2） the Pb isotopic compositions of the regional Achaean-Early Proterozoic basement rocks arc characteristic of the old Pb isotopic composition at the early-stage evolution of the Earth, which varies over a wider range, reflecting significant differences in Pb isotopic compositions of the ores. All this indicates that the source of ore lead has no bearing on the basement rocks; （3） the sedimentary-metamorphic rocks in the mining district arc characterized by highly variable and more radiogenic Pb isotopic compositions and their Pb isotopic ratios arc obviously higher than those of ores, demonstrating that ore lead did not result from metamorphic rcworking of these rocks; （4） Pb isotopic compositions of Late Proterozoic diorite-gabbro and Hercynian granite are higher than those of ores. Meanwhile, the Pb isotopic compositions of sulfides in the small-sized strata-penetrating mineralized veinlets formed at later stages arc completely consistent with that of sulfides in stratiform-banded ores, suggesting that these veiniets arc the product of autochthonous rcworking of the stratiform-banded ores during the period of metamorphism and the late magmatic superimposition-mineralization can be excluded; （5） amphibolite, whose protolith is basic volcanic rocks, has the same Pb isotopic compositions as ores, implying that ore lead was derived probably from basic volcanism. So, the source of ore-forming materials for the Huogeqi deposit is like that of the volcanic massive sulfide （VMS） deposits. However, the orebodies do not occur directly within the volcanic rocks, and instead they overlie the volcanic rocks, showing some differences from those typical VMS-type deposits.     

辽南地区金矿床铅同位素组成特征

辽南地区是我国重要的金矿化集中区,区内产出大、中,小型金矿２０余处。简要叙述了猫岭,五龙,四道沟,岫岩,新房５个金矿床的地质概况。讨论了它们的铅同位素组成并划分为两大类：第一类具有正常铅的同位素组成,其成矿年龄与辽河群变质年龄相当;第二类具有异常铅的同位素组成。在铅构造模式图上,上述５个金矿床铅同位素组成具有壳源铅的特点。     

地质样品中Pb同位素分析的高效酸淋洗流程

针对地质样品的Pb同位素分析提出了一种简化淋洗法, 以去除样品碎样过程引起的污染.相对前人的淋洗法而言, 简化淋洗法不仅能够得到地质样品中准确的Pb同位素组成, 而且降低了全流程本底并提高了样品处理效率.利用多接收等离子体质谱分析了5个美国地质调查局(USGS) 国际标准参考物质(AGV-1、AGV-2、BHVO-2、BCR-2和G-2) 中的Pb同位素组成, 结合前人的研究, 结果表明第一、二代USGS参考物质在制样过程中均受到不同程度的污染.第一代标准在碎样过程受到的污染比碎样环境造成的普通铅污染严重, 而第二代则相反.淋洗后各种参考物质分别具有相近且均一的Pb同位素组成, 表明对岩石粉末样进行溶样前的淋洗有助于获得样品真实的Pb同位素组成.      

长江中下游溧水盆地火山岩的时代、地球化学特征及其地质意义

溧水盆地位于长江中下游成矿带东部,与庐枞、宁芜等火山岩盆地相似,发育中生代火山岩。为了探讨溧水盆地不同旋回火山岩形成时代、岩浆源区及岩浆活动的大地构造背景及其与铁铜成矿关系等问题,本次研究选取溧水盆地广泛出露且与成矿关系密切的中生代龙王山旋回和大王山旋回火山岩进行了锆石精确定年和Hf同位素分析以及全岩主微量元素分析。研究表明溧水盆地岩浆活动起始时间为~135 Ma,峰期时间为135~124 Ma。龙王山、大王山旋回火山岩Hf同位素特征相似,εHf(t)值范围大多在-6~-11之间,暗示其源区可能相似。岩石地球化学特征显示龙王山—大王山旋回岩浆由中基性向中酸性过渡,并向高钾富碱方向演化,空间上从北西-南东方向演变,与盆地内铁铜金锶矿的形成有关。龙王山旋回火山岩明显Sr正异常,推测龙王山旋回可能是Sr矿的矿源层。结合岩石地球化学和同位素特征,认为岩浆源区为可能为富集地幔,在喷发早期受到了少量陆壳物质的混染。溧水盆地与长江中下游其它火山岩盆地形成时代相似,可能受同一构造背景控制。结合前人研究成果分析认为在~135 Ma为太平洋板块俯冲的转折点,即俯冲作用减弱,俯冲板块发生后撤,形成区域性拉张环境,从而形成的一系列火山岩盆地。     

浙江省诸暨至龙泉一带金矿床的铅同位素地球化学研究

本文研究了浙江省诸暨至龙泉一带金矿床的铅同位素地球化学特征。通过研究铅同位素组成、源区特征值和模式年龄,对该区金矿床得出以下两点认识:1.该区金矿床铅同位素组成在区域上具有一定的变化趋势,并可分为二大类,即正常铅和弱放射性成因异常铅,它们反映了一定的物源特征;2.该区金矿床的区域成矿时代为400—700Ma,结合区域成矿地质特征,可以证明该区金矿床主要为变质热液矿床。     

江西金山金矿床成矿物质来源的铅和硫同位素示踪

江西金山金矿床赋存于浅变质的中元古界双桥山群上亚群 ,该建造明显富Au ,Au平均丰度达 2 5 5× 10 -9。矿石铅同位素组成出现明显的线性关系表明 ,区域构造活动 成矿作用中存在着铅同位素的混合机制。大部分矿石铅Doe单阶段模式年龄与该矿床的Rb Sr年龄值十分接近 ,可能反映了区域变质的成矿意义。矿石铅 μ值介于 9 2 9～ 9 86之间 ,2 3 2 Th/ 2 3 8U比值变化于 3 88～ 4 0 9,揭示了成矿物质的壳源特征。Zartman图解和△γ △ β图解表明 ,双桥山群是矿石铅的主要源区。该矿床硫同位素组成特征与外围双桥山群上亚群中硫化物的硫同位素极为相似 ,成矿流体的硫主要来源于双桥山群含矿建造。对比研究表明 ,虽然不同金矿床的硫同位素组成特征不尽相同 ,但金山金矿床的层控特征与江南金成矿带中其他金矿极为相似。金山金矿床的铅、硫同位素地球化学特征揭示 ,该矿床的成矿物质主要来自浅变质的中元古界双桥山群含金建造 ,燕山期岩浆热液活动为该矿床的后期富集提供了部分成矿物质。     

Prograde and retrograde fluid-rock interaction in calc-silicates northwest of the Idaho batholith: stable isotopic evidence

Carbon and oxygen isotopic analyses of silicate and carbonate minerals indicate that isotopic compositions in metasediments of the Wallace Formation (Belt Supergroup) exposed northwest of the Idaho batholith have been affected by both prograde and retrograde fluid-rock interaction. Silicates retain isotopic fractionations that reflect equilibration at peak metamorphic temperatures. In contrast, calcite oxygen isotopic compositions range from δ¹⁸O(Calcite)=+2.3 to +18.6‰ SMOW (standard mean oceanic water) and indicate that some calcites have exchanged with low-δ¹⁸O meteorichydrothermal fluids. Values of Δ¹⁸O (Quartz-Calcite) as large as +15.5 clearly indicate that the isotopic depletion of these calcites postdates the peak of regional metamorphism. Carbon isotopic compositions of ¹⁸O-depleted calcites are not significantly shifted relative to δ¹³C values in undepleted calcites, suggesting that the retrograde fluid was carbon-poor. Petrographically, retrograde fluid-rock interaction is associated with the occurrence of fine-grained, highly-luminescent calcite overgrowths on less-luminescent, metamorphic calcites, slight to moderate argillic alteration, and pseudomorphing of scapolite porphyroblasts by fine-grained albite. Retrograde isotopic depletions may be related to shallow meteoric-hydrothermal fluid flow developed around the Idaho batholith after intrusion and rapid uplift of the terrane. Peak metamorphic isotopic compositions in the Wallace Formation reflect mineralogically heterogeneous protolith compositions and isotopic fractionation due to devolatilization and/or infiltration. Variability in oxygen isotopic compositions on the order of 4–6‰ within the same rock type can be attributed to the combined effects of inherited isotopic compositions and isotopic shifts resulting from prograde devolatilization. Isotopic and compositional heterogeneity on the scale of mm to m precludes generalization of isotopic gradients on a regional scale. The isotopic data presented here, and metamorphic fluid compositions determined in previous studies, are best reconciled with heterogeneous bulk compositions, dominantly channelized prograde and retrograde fluid flow, and locally low fluid-rock ratios.     

鞍本地区早前寒武纪地质体铅同位素组成及铀源条件定量计算方法研究

本文对比了鞍本地区前寒武纪铅-锌-银矿区和铀矿区的硫化物矿石和花岗岩长石Pb同位素组成,分别用矿石铅二阶段普通铅法、铅构造模式图解和全岩铅同位素组成三阶段拟合法计算了年龄和全岩原始铀含量。结果表明,矿石铅和长石铅模式年龄约为2000 Ma,在铅构造模式图上投影于2000~1600 Ma间,花岗岩和辽河群全岩拟合年龄为2000~1800 Ma;铅同位素组成显示铅-锌-银来自早元古代辽河群地层,连山关地区明显为放射性成因Pb同位素组成,源于富铀花岗岩。连山关矿石铅年龄和全岩三阶段年龄与该区铀矿床沥青铀矿的年龄基本一致;花岗岩原始铀的得失计算表明,该地区不同地质体均经历了约2000~1800 Ma花岗岩重熔改造,花岗质岩石发生了铀的丢失,是连山关地区铀矿的主要来源。     

广西大新县下雷锰矿床的地球化学特征及其意义

下雷锰矿矿石和岩石的稀土元素分布形式、稀有元素和同位素组成特征的多样性,反映了锰矿形成的区域构造背景应是被动大陆边缘裂谷环境,锰矿成矿作用与区内同时代玄武岩有一定成因和物源上的联系,同时又表明下雷锰矿的物源具多源性:既有来自下地壳的物质,又有陆源物质的混入和生物作用的产物的加入。代表一种在的海相沉积条件下正常沉积的同时,有地下热水注入的多源外生成矿环境。主要元素Fe、Mn、MgO、SiO2、Al2O3、CaO的含量变化和稀有元素V/(Ni+V)、V/Cr和Fe—Mn—(Ni+Co+Cu)×10三角图解提示锰矿形成时的物理化学条件为:氧化一弱氧化环境,介质酸碱度在酸性和碱性间交替变化,成矿温度属于中低温热水范围。     

塔里木盆地西北缘乌恰地区乌拉根铅锌矿床 S-Pb同位素特征及其地质意义

乌拉根铅锌矿床产出于塔里木盆地西北缘喀什凹陷中—新生界中,成矿地质条件优越,资源潜力可观,具有超大型矿床找矿远景,但其成因一直存在较大争议。本次对乌拉根铅锌矿进行了详细的S、Pb同位素研究,探讨了其成矿物质来源和矿床成因。测试分析结果表明,乌拉根铅锌矿床矿石δ34S值为-26.09‰~+15.0‰,具有较宽的分布范围,显示出轻硫与重硫同时富集的特征,指示乌拉根铅锌矿床S主要来自海相硫酸盐的还原。乌拉根铅锌矿的206Pb/204Pb值为17.771～18.6413,207Pb/204Pb值为15.402～15.6454,208Pb/204Pb值为37.92～38.7507,Pb同位素组成变化较小,且集中于造山带铅演化线附近,推测本矿区Pb可能来自区域内的古老地层。综合前人研究和本次S、Pb同位素分析结果,认为乌拉根铅锌矿床是在南天山和西昆仑山两大造山带相互逆冲推覆背景下,盆地流体大规模运移,在油气还原条件下形成的一类赋存于沉积岩中的铅锌矿床。     

云南兰坪盆地西缘脉状铜多金属矿床硫、铅同位素组成及成矿示踪

云南兰坪盆地西缘脉状铜多金属矿床主要赋存于由砂岩、粉砂岩和页岩组成的碎屑岩建造中.为了查明兰坪盆地西缘脉状铜多金属矿床成矿物质来源,对盆地西缘四个典型脉状铜多金属矿床(科登涧、连城、金满和水泄)的硫、铅同位素的组成进行了分析和对比研究.结果表明,这些矿床的铅同位素组成总体变化较小,且大部分落在盆地沉积地层铅范围内,金满、连城铜矿床可能有部分深源铅的加入.硫同位素特征表明,兰坪盆地西缘脉状铜多金属矿床的硫主要来源于地层硫酸盐的还原作用,其中金满铜矿床和连城铜钼多金属矿床可能有深源硫的混入.各矿床硫同位素不同的特点,除反映各矿床源区硫同位素组成的差异外,可能还与各矿床成矿时不同的物理化学条件(温度、氧逸度、pH 值和离子强度等)差异有关     

塔里木盆地西北缘乌恰地区乌拉根铅锌矿床S-Pb同位素特征及其地质意义

乌拉根铅锌矿床产出于塔里木盆地西北缘喀什凹陷中—新生界中,成矿地质条件优越,资源潜力可观,具有超大型矿床找矿远景,但其成因一直存在较大争议。本次对乌拉根铅锌矿进行了详细的S、Pb同位素研究,探讨了其成矿物质来源和矿床成因。测试分析结果表明,乌拉根铅锌矿床矿石δ34S值为-26.09‰~＋15.0‰,具有较宽的分布范围,显示出轻硫与重硫同时富集的特征,指示乌拉根铅锌矿床S主要来自海相硫酸盐的还原。乌拉根铅锌矿的206Pb/204Pb值为17.771～18.6413,207Pb/204Pb值为15.402～15.6454,208Pb/204Pb值为37.92～38.7507,Pb同位素组成变化较小,且集中于造山带铅演化线附近,推测本矿区Pb可能来自区域内的古老地层。综合前人研究和本次S、Pb同位素分析结果,认为乌拉根铅锌矿床是在南天山和西昆仑山两大造山带相互逆冲推覆背景下,盆地流体大规模运移,在油气还原条件下形成的一类赋存于沉积岩中的铅锌矿床。     

东太平洋北部胡安·德富卡洋中脊Mothra热液场硫化物烟囱体成矿物质来源:铅和硫同位素组成

对采自Mothra热液场Faulty Towers硫化物烟囱体群(47°57.447,N,129°06.568W)的一个硫化物烟囱体进行了铅和硫同位素组成的研究工作.分析结果表明,铅同位素组成的分布范围为:206Pb/204Pb=18.665～18.828; 207Pb/204Pb=15.460～15.607; 208...     

冲绳海槽Jade热液活动区块状硫化物的铅同位素组成及其地质意义

新测行Ｊａｄｅ热液活动区中５件块状硫化物样品的铅同位素组成,具有较小的变化范围,表现出较均一的铅同位素组成特征。在Ｐｂ－Ｐｂ图解上,块状硫化物的铅同位素数据构成线形排列,与该区沉积物和蚀变火山岩的铅同位素组成一致,而与该区新鲜火山岩相比具较高的放射成因铅,证实了该区海底块状硫化物中的铅是由沉积物长英质火山岩来源铅共同构成的混合铅。不同热液活动区铅同位素组成对比研究表明,地质－构造环境的不同是导致各     

长江中下游及邻区基底地球化学分区及区域成矿远景预测

大范围系统的基础地球化学研究国内外均不多见,进行区域地球化学分区仍处在摸索阶段．在区域基础地球化学研究基础上,在长江中下游及邻区利用多元示踪元素（常量元素、高场强元素、基性元素、亲氧碱性元素、成矿元素及性质相似元素比值）和Ｐｂ,Ｎｄ同位素进行不同区域地壳、同一区域地壳内不同级次的地球化学分区,从而厘定了研究区区域地壳的边界,提供了区域远景预测的地球化学依据     

Sources of Cretaceous Bimodal Volcanic Rocks in the Coastal Region of Southeastern China -- Constrains of the Sr content and its isotopes

Cretaceous volcanism in the coastal region of southeastern China was characteristized by occurrenceof bimodal volcanics consisting of basalts and rhyolites, the geneses of which are still controversial. Based on the factthat their isotopic compositions are similar but the Sr content of the former is much higher than that of the latter, thispaper discusses the respective sources of the two end-member rocks, and concludes that basalts were derived fromthe subduction-related enriched upper mantle wedge and their isotopic compositions had not been affected by crustalassimilation, whereas rhyolites were formed by remelting of the old metamorphic basement, but they were mixed upwith the underplating basaltic magmas to various degrees so that their Sr isotopic compositions varied significantlyfrom the sources and tended to be homogeneous to the latter.     

Early Cretaceous tungsten mineralization in Southeastern China: the Wuning example

The Wuning tungsten deposits in northwestern Jiangxi are located in the Middle-Lower Yangtze River metallogenic belt of SE China. This article decodes the large tungsten-mineralized ore field by analysing three typical deposits: Shimensi, Dahutang, and Shiwendong. The Shimensi deposit shows three mineralization styles, and the associated hydrothermal alteration mainly includes K-feldspathization, greisenization, chloritization, silicification, and carbonatization. The sulphur isotopic compositions of sulphides in the Dahutang deposit indicate that the sulphur source was homogeneous and closely related to magmatic sulphur. The lead isotopic compositions of sulphides suggest multiple sources that were also closely related to magmatism. The carbon isotopic compositions of calcite indicate that hydrothermal fluids were derived from the granitic magma. Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of quartz veins indicate that the ore-forming fluids had a magmatic-hydrothermal origin, but mixed with meteoric water. Fluid inclusions from the Shiweidong deposit are low density, indicating medium-high T and low-medium salinity, further suggesting that it was a shallow magmatic-hydrothermal deposit, and the metallogenic hydrotherm mingled with the surface water late in the evolution of the system. Mineralization was related to Early Cretaceous magmatism in eastern China. The subduction of the palaeo-Pacific plate and the subsequent lithospheric delamination reflected transition from a compressional to extensional tectonic regime. The upwelling of the hot asthenosphere triggered partial melting of the Neoproterozoic Shuangqiaoshan Group, with high W background concentrations. The ascent of the magma resulted in the exsolution of the ore-bearing magmatic hydrothermal fluid.     

Sources of Cretaceous Bimodal Volcanic Rocks in the Coastal Region of Southeastern China: — Constraints of the Sr content and its isotopes

Abstract Cretaceous volcanism in the coastal region of southeastern China was characteristized by occurrence of bimodal volcanics consisting of basalts and rhyolites, the geneses of which are still controversial. Based on the fact that their isotopic compositions are similar but the Sr content of the former is much higher than that of the latter, this paper discusses the respective sources of the two end-member rocks, and concludes that basalts were derived from the subduction-related enriched upper mantle wedge and their isotopic compositions had not been affected by crustal assimilation, whereas rhyolites were formed by remelting of the old metamorphic basement, but they were mixed up with the underplating basaltic magmas to various degrees so that their Sr isotopic compositions varied significantly from the sources and tended to be homogeneous to the latter.