历史文化街区游客的地方感特征——以广州荔枝湾涌为例

近年来历史文化街区成为中国城市旅游的热点,但其过于商业化的发展模式也受到普遍质疑。文章以广州荔枝湾涌为例,采用问卷调查,分别从景观环境、社会人文、旅游功能和地方依恋等4个维度对游客的地方感特征进行了分析,发现随着年龄的增长,文化水平的提高,游客更为关注景区的社会人文环境和景区给予的情感体验;逗留时间越长,对景区环境的评价更低;随着客源地距离的增加,游客的地方依恋逐渐下降。进而指出环境质量的提升使游客对荔枝湾涌的风景与环境有了较高的感知与认同,在对历史文化、景区特色及旅游秩序满意的同时,也表现出了对文化遗产保护效果、景区的商业及其他配套服务功能的失望。进一步提出历史文化街区的旅游发展,应充分挖掘和展示地方独特的文化特质,加强地方性营造,完善配套设施,合理确定旅游市场定位,挖掘旅游发展潜力。在传承城市历史文化的同时,增强城市历史文化旅游的特色和持续吸引力。     

九寨沟自然观光地旅游者地方感特征分析

地方感是人文主义地理学“人-地”关系研究中的重要内容。旅游是人们感知和认识环境的重要途径和方式, 旅游者地方感是旅游者与旅游地环境相互作用的结果。通过构建旅游者地方感模型, 以九寨沟为案例研究发现, ① 九寨沟旅游者的地方感在自然风景维度、社会人文维度、旅游功能维度和情感依恋维度等四个维度上存在一定差异; ② 九寨沟的自然风景与环境得到了旅游者较高的感知评价和普遍认同, 是旅游者对九寨沟产生情感依恋的主要因素; ③ 旅游者对九寨沟的社会人文环境的感知评价相对较低, 并影响到对九寨沟旅游环境与功能的感知评价; ④ 旅游者赋予九寨沟更多的是自然观光的意义和审美价值, 九寨沟蕴涵 的民俗文化体验的意义和历史价值并未能被旅游者所充分感知和认识, “藏族村寨”的地方特质没有得到旅游者的足够认同; ⑤ 不同类型旅游者之间的感知评价差异集中在九寨沟的藏 族风情、地方文化、旅游服务、游览秩序和旅游氛围等方面。旅游者地方感研究为自然资源和旅游地规划与管理提供了依据, 具有一定的现实指导和借鉴意义。     

Trial by Fire: natural hazards,mixed-methods and cultural research

This paper considers the issues of research ‘relevance’ and ‘use’ to reflect upon a cultural geography research project on bushfire that did not begin with any specific aim of being useful to policy makers but which has garnered considerable and ongoing interest from a broad audience. It provides an example of how the integration of quantitative and qualitative research methods and data can enhance research into cultural aspects of natural hazards whilst simultaneously playing a key role in ensuring that the research results are of interest to a wide range of groups. Using a mixed-methods research approach was found to provide insight into complex factors that influence attitudes and actions towards bushfire amongst diverse landholders in rural–urban interface areas in south-east Australia. We argue that mixed-methods research is a powerful tool in building and enhancing a cultural geography that has policy relevance, retains analytical depth, and is acceptable to risk managers. The ability of cultural geography through mixed-methods research to illuminate how socio-cultural processes are central to environmental attitudes and preparedness behaviour has direct relevance to recent international discussions of how to manage the vulnerability of the growing number of people living in bushfire-prone rural–urban interface areas.     

城市街景绿地对居民心理健康的影响——以广州为例

随着城市建设用地飞速扩张,绿地作为稀缺资源,对居民心理健康具有重要影响。本文基于2015年广州市1273份居民问卷调查数据,并通过腾讯街景视图和机器学习算法提取街景绿地数据,考察街景绿地、地方依恋和心理健康之间的内在逻辑与机理,并对比本地居民和外来移民的差异。研究发现：① 街景绿地与居民心理健康水平呈显著的正相关关系;② 街景绿地与心理健康的关系受到中介变量地方依恋的影响,即街景绿地通过影响居民地方依恋,间接影响其心理健康水平;③ 对于本地居民,地方依恋发挥完全中介效应,即街景绿地对居民心理健康的影响完全通过地方依恋实现;④ 对于外来移民,地方依恋则发挥部分中介效应,即街景绿地不仅直接作用于居民的心理健康状况,而且通过影响居民的地方依恋间接提升其心理健康水平。     

RURAL PLACE ATTACHMENT IN HISPANO URBAN CENTERS*

ABSTRACT. Continued rural‐to‐urban migration has helped motivate cultural geographers, long suspected of having a rural bias, to include urban areas in their purview. Patterns of gender, class, ethnicity, and commercialization have proved to be fertile subjects for research, but the elastic links between rural and urban places are not yet well understood. Hispanos, despite intense feelings of loyalty to their rural villages, moved en masse to cities in the 1940s. By the 1950s a majority of Hispanos were living in regional urban centers of the upper Rio Grande country, where wages were higher and employment was secure. This Hispano experience is a crucible for examining how urbanites' attachment to rural places is manifested in various cultural expressions brought from country to city: painted murals, burial preferences, popular music, and irrigation ditches. Understanding threads of rural culture that have been incorporated into the urban fabric in turn leads to clearer comprehension of the emotional attachment that urbanites have for rural areas and a better appreciation of the complexity of the urban cultural environment.     

居民对遵义红色旅游商业街中书法景观的认同度研究

文化地理学作为人文地理学的重要分支, 是学者们广泛关注的热点, 但鲜有研究涉及居民对文化景观的感知和认同问题。本文选取了中国传统文化代表--书法景观为研究切入点, 根据地方感理论构建了假设模型, 提出了17 个假设影响路径。根据遵义会议会址景区及周围红色旅游商业街中书法景观的居民感知调查数据, 构建了居民书法景观感知的结构方程模型。分析结果验证了居民感知态度与文化认同的递进性, 拒绝了部分研究假设。同时, 在书法景观功能感知的5 个维度:经济获益、环境审美、场所识别、景观原真性和行为导向中, 经济获益和景观原真性是居民文化认同的决定性因素。研究结果体现了原真性元素在城市文化景观中的核心地位, 验证文化景观对城市经济建设不可或缺的推动作用, 对城市文化景观保护和规划管理具有重要的指导和借鉴意义。     

社区营造进程中的乡村地方性建构特征与机制 ——以台湾中和社区为例

以台湾中和社区为案例,采用访谈法与介入式观察法,通过社会建构与人文主义两种视角,关注宏观社会结构与个体行动者两种力量对地方性形成的影响,探讨了社区营造的地方性特征及其建构机制。研究表明：中和社区营造的地方性表现在都市近郊的区位、社区营造实践地点及活动、参与者与观光者的地方感3个方面;中和地方性建构过程则经历3个阶段：首先,弱地方性引起了社区营造参与者与广大社会的反身性;其次,在社区营造政策的推动下,社区营造参与者在日常生活中推动社区营造,促进地方性的生产与再生产;最后,地方性的营造结果吸引了社会资本与人力资本的再投入,强化了地方性的持续生产,并创造了进步的地方性,也间接强化了乡村自治能力。     

旅游者生态价值观对其环境责任行为的影响——以岳麓山风景区为例

依据自我决定理论,构建以自我决定动机为中介变量、地方依恋为调节变量的调节中介模型,旨在从心理动机层面探讨旅游者生态价值观影响其环境责任行为的作用机制和边界条件。研究发现:生态价值观对内部和外部动机均有显著正向影响,并通过内部和外部动机进一步正向影响旅游者环境责任行为;地方依恋对生态价值观与内部动机之间的关系有显著正向调节作用。在制定景区生态环境保护和可持续发展策略时,应考虑利用旅游者生态价值观、地方依恋和自我决定动机的多层作用关系,以激发旅游者环境责任行为。     

Cultural heritage management and local development in a South Sámi and Norse mountainous borderland

The article discusses how municipal planning and management can enable South Sámi and Norse cultural history to contribute to local development in two sparsely populated mountain municipalities in south-east Norway. The authors’ methods comprised document studies of relevant planning documents and treatment of single cases, and interviews with actors at different levels, who were responsible for cultural heritage, land use planning, industrial development and reindeer husbandry. The findings revealed that the organization of cultural heritage management was extremely fragmented in terms of responsibilities, activities and localization. Responsibility for managing Norse and Sámi cultural heritage is divided between counties and the Sámi Parliament, and the municipalities have no legal responsibilities. This fragmentation contributes to the neglect and marginalization of cultural heritage management in general, and especially the management of Sámi cultural heritage. The discourse of attractiveness based on competing for in-migration from other municipalities holds a hegemonic position in both municipal master planning and regional planning. The authors conclude that a different approach based on local community development, namely the residential place, should be prioritized, whereby cultural heritage is used to strengthen the inhabitants’ knowledge, identity and ‘sense of place’.     

世界遗产地旅游者地方感影响关系及机理分析——以苏州古典园林为例

地方感强调地方本身具有的特质及人与地之间的情感连结关系, 是近年来国外环境心理学和游憩地理学的热点论题。以世界遗产地苏州古典园林为例, 基于旅游涉入、旅游吸引力、旅游功能、地方感、遗产保护态度与遗产保护行为6 个潜变量, 构建地方感结构关系模型, 通过设计量表并回收909 份有效调查样本, 运用SPSS、Amos 软件及验证性因子分析方法, 探讨了旅游者地方感的影响关系路径及运行机理。研究结果表明:① 由地方感前因影响导入机制与后果效应输出机制构成的“导入—输出”系统机制的运行过程与结果是苏州古典园林旅游者地方感的影响关系机理;② 地方感前因变量旅游涉入、旅游吸引力、旅游功能均对地方感有显著的正向影响, 同时地方感的形成对遗产保护态度及遗产保护行为也具有重要的影响效应;③ 旅游吸引力对地方感的影响最小(0.341), 旅游涉入对地方感的影响最小(0.252);④ 地方感的形成对旅游者的遗产保护态度及遗产保护行为均具有重要的影响效应, 其对遗产保护行为的影响(0.467) 比对保护态度的影响(0.420) 更加显著。对地方感前因变量与后果效应进行整合分析, 探讨地方感影响关系机理, 以期为我国遗产地的遗产保护与旅游发展的协调互利提供借鉴及指明方向。     

社区关系、效益感知与亲旅游行为研究：一个有调节的中介作用模型

目的地居民作为旅游活动的重要参与主体,对旅游业的行为态度不仅影响着游客的感知和体验,也对目的地旅游业的可持续发展起着重要作用。在旅游支持态度与亲环境行为等相关研究的基础上,提出亲旅游行为的概念,表达居民促进旅游业在当地更好发展的行为意向。以社会表征理论研究框架为基础,构建“社区关系—效益感知—行为态度”模型,实证考察了社区关系对亲旅游行为的影响,探讨了旅游效益感知的中介作用和旅游事件依恋的调节作用。结果表明：社区关系对目的地居民经济效益、社会效益、环境效益感知均具有显著的正向影响,积极的旅游影响感知又对亲旅游行为产生显著的正向影响作用。居民对经济、社会、环境效益的感知在社区关系与亲旅游行为之间存在多重链式中介作用,传统的中介模型低估了旅游效益感知的影响作用。旅游事件依恋正向调节了社区关系与旅游社会效益感知、环境效益感知的关系。研究结论为揭示旅游介入情境下社区关系、效益感知与亲旅游行为之间的影响机制提供了一定的理论依据,对于目的地社区旅游开发与管理具有一定的实践参考价值。     

遗产化进程中遗产认同的内涵及形成路径——以世界遗产永顺老司城为例

为了解析群体间认同差异以及掌握群体认同的转变特性,首先从遗产认同的概念出发,从主客体的视角提出其操作化的定义,并构建了遗产认同的形成路径。随后在此理论框架下,以世界文化遗产永顺老司城为案例地进行理论演绎研究,运用文献资料法、半结构访谈法收集资料,运用话语分析法清洗资料。研究发现:1)老司城遗产认同的客体是遗产化进程中遗产本身被生产、被界定、被再利用以及被破坏等的产物。即中央治理少数民族地区的政治场所,是被认定的各级遗产,是解决居民生计和提高生活幸福感的工具,亦是重要的文化旅游资源。2)老司城遗产认同的主体是遗产化进程中遗产附着群体对遗产的认知、情感、评价和行为等方面。即政府和管理机构工作人员眼中具有独特价值的文化遗产,是带动当地发展的旅游资源;专家学者用以研究土司文化的重要考古点;居民眼中增强族群凝聚力且带来生活改善的历史遗留;游客用以收获新知和感受民族情怀的民族文化遗产。不同群体的遗产认同表现出了非均质性。3)老司城遗产认同客体和主体都具有转变性,这是由在遗产化过程中遗产本身的功能以及遗产附着群体对遗产的不同利用所决定的。因此,根据遗产化进程制定相应的遗产发展战略,引导不同群体形成积极认同,正确展示遗产价值,对遗产保护利用、遗产地治理工作有重要意义。     

Rural change and tourism in remote regions: Developments and Indigenous endeavour in Westland,Te Tai o Poutini,Aotearoa New Zealand

Remote rural areas have encountered significant change and the need for renegotiation of economic and social priorities in the late 20th and early 21st century. In our broader research, we ask how have such communities been responding to this change? What role have different organisations and agencies played? And, how have they acted on the aspirations of marginalised communities? In this paper we examine these issues through a case study of Westland District on the west coast of Aotearoa New Zealand's South Island. We probe the general shift towards prioritising tourism in the District, and highlight particular experiences in regard to Indigenous endeavour in tourism. We find that those engaged in leading local development and tourism have not collaborated strategically across the sector and have not established meaningful partnerships with the community that recognise both economic and socio‐cultural aspirations.     

城市居民游憩地方依恋特征分析——以南京夫子庙为例

城市居民游憩地方依恋研究为认识居民与城市游憩空间的关系提供了一个新的视角。以南京夫子庙为案例研究发现,南京居民的夫子庙游憩地方依恋具有地方依赖和地方认同两个维度的结构特征,其中对夫子庙的情感性依恋大于功能性依恋。时间和经济状况是居民游憩地方依恋形成的主要影响因素,其中对夫子庙的地方依赖程度主要受居民经济状况的影响,地方...     

岭南传统民俗节庆重构对居民地方依恋的影响——以广州珠村乞巧节为例

民俗节庆对居民地方依恋的影响研究为认识居民和地方之间的关系,提供了一个新的视角。国内关于地方依恋的探讨尚处于萌芽阶段,应用研究主要以旅游地和旅游者为对象。乞巧节是岭南传统民俗节庆的重要组成部分,在沉寂淡化半个世纪之后又重新兴起,节日的内容形式功能已被重构。本文从新文化地理学的视角,以珠村居民为研究对象,通过问卷调查、深度访谈并结合因子分析的方法来探究民俗节庆的重构与居民地方依恋之间的关系。结果表明：① 乞巧节对珠村世居居民、新移居居民、租房于珠村的居民这三种不同身份居民心理形成过程中的情感、认知和意向都产生了重要作用,乞巧节使居民们更好地融合到了珠村社区。② 重构后的乞巧节在改善原住居民精神生活、优化珠村村落风貌、提升珠村族群的凝聚力、增强文化自豪感、保护乞巧文化及推动珠村的发展等方面产生了重要的影响和作用。③ 重构后的传统民俗节庆生产了新的文化记忆,其如何被居民内化吸收、如何被整合进原生态的乞巧文化中,都有待探索。本研究对丰富地方依恋在微观空间层面的理论和实证研究有着重要意义。     

乡村文化记忆的场域认知、依恋与传承关系 ——以苏州金庭镇为例

以苏州金庭镇居民为研究对象,利用问卷及访谈数据,通过结构方程模型甄别场域认知、地方依恋和传承途径的维度差异,验证彼此的影响路径和作用关系.研究表明:1)居民对乡村文化记忆的场域认知包括纪念性场地、村落型场地、自然型场地和软记忆场等维度,其中,前三者对软记忆场有着正向显著影响;2)乡村文化记忆场域认知是居民地方依恋构建的...     

Attitudes toward Water Conservation: The Influence of Site-Specific Factors and Beliefs in Climate Change

Areas affected by drought are increasing, and many lakes that provide potable water and recreation opportunities are located in drought-vulnerable areas. Understanding a population's attitudes toward conservation actions can improve communication initiatives, policy development, and education, which are all necessary for effective water resource management. However, little is known about stakeholders’ interactions with drought-influenced resources and the potential factors that form their water conservation attitudes. Using a mixed methods approach, we evaluated lake recreationists’ (n = 229) attitudes toward water conservation at a drought-impacted lake. We identified the relationships between two site-specific factors (place attachment and awareness of drought impacts), beliefs in climate change, concern for drought impacts, and water conservation attitudes. Results indicated concern for local drought impacts fully mediated the relationships between site-specific factors, beliefs in climate change, and attitudes toward water conservation behaviors. Implications for research, outreach, and water resource management are discussed.     

观光旅游者地方依恋、满意度与忠诚度间关系研究

选择能够反映观光旅游者心理特征的多样性偏好变量,引入已有的地方依恋、满意度和忠诚度关系模型,通过结构方程模型检验多样性偏好对观光旅游者地方依恋、满意度与忠诚度关系的影响。结果表明:(1)观光旅游者的地方依恋对满意度、满意度对忠诚度均具有显著正向影响;观光旅游者地方认同对忠诚度具有直接正向影响,而地方依赖对忠诚度的影响没有得到证实。(2)多样性偏好对观光旅游者满意度与重游意愿及观光旅游者地方依恋与重游意愿之间起着显著的调节作用。观光旅游者的多样性偏好越强烈,其满意度与重游意愿之间的关系越弱,其地方依恋与重游意愿之间的关系也越弱。     

文物建筑保护与旅游开发协调发展及其对策

以广州市为例从文物建筑的基本特征、文物建筑保护面临的问题、面对庞大的都市旅游市场的需求压力出发,提出基于文物保护法规前提之下符合两者不同利益需求的合作协调发展对策.     

Factors Inhibiting Local Government Engagement in Environmental Sustainability: case studies from rural Australia

The literature on local government management of the environment in Australia has been limited in that it has typically focused on the urban sphere. In contrast, this paper places rurality at the centre of its inquiry. It uses data from 15 case studies of rural local governments in Australia to identify the main factors that inhibit natural resource management by rural councils. These barriers mobilise around four key themes: capacity, commitment, co-ordination and community. While many of the issues raised in this study of non-urban shires have been described in previous research, the paper argues that the geographic location of the areas under investigation aggravates barriers to engaging sustainability initiatives. It is contended that rural local governments need to be resourced accordingly to ensure that natural resource management at the local government level in Australia is not compromised.