中国政治地理学研究进展评述

当前世界正面临“百年未有之大变局”,在此背景下政治地理学的发展日益受到关注。得益于得天独厚的发展环境和旺盛的学科需求,政治地理学在中国近年再度复兴,在本土化概念创新、多源研究数据和方法拓展等方面取得一系列显见的成果。另一方面,学科发展亟待跨越的一些“门槛”也日益显现,如共识核心概念缺乏、学科范式不统一、多尺度研究视角不足等,制约了其学术研究与政策应用的深入互动。在此背景下,本文基于对中国政治地理学发展动态的梳理,探讨了制约学科发展的若干基本问题,指出目前的当务之急是加强多/跨尺度研究、政策研究、区域研究,加强东西方思想交流,以此推动知识导向的批判性研究、实证主义的学术研究和实用主义的政策研究相辅相成的知识生产格局形成,从而构建起求真务实、经世致用的东方政治地理学特色,为全球治理和国家长治久安做出更大贡献。     

The beginning of geography didactics in Norway

At the end of the 19th century geography became a mandatory subject in primary and secondary schools in Norway. Geography was seen as a useful subject that contributed to the modernization of society, but also as a subject that strengthened the national ideology. A need for better education in geography arose and consequently some authors of geography textbooks wrote about teaching geography. In order to strengthen teachers’ education, geography was taught at university level, and to develop the subject it became necessary to relate it to other subjects, especially geology. The author shows that there are several similarities between the content of geography taught in Norwegian schools in the late 19th century and geography taught in schools today.     

女性主义地理学研究进展与展望

随着社会的进步与发展,教育、经济等资源配置更加趋向于性别平衡,女性地位不断提升,女性群体开始逐步受到各界学者的广泛关注,女性主义地理学也成为地理学中一个新兴的研究热点。本研究采用知识图谱分析和传统文献研究相结合的方法,借助CiteSpace软件通过知识图谱分析了1978—2018年间女性主义地理学研究的关键词与不同阶段的研究主题,归纳了当前女性主义地理学研究的重点,提出了中国女性主义地理学研究的框架和未来研究方向。研究结果表明：①女性主义地理学逐渐进入大众视野并具有明显的跨学科特点,其研究在不同时期以不同主题为研究重点,整体来看阶段性特征比较突出;②研究主题上,目前国内女性主义地理学主要围绕五大主题展开,但研究的广度和深度仍待进一步加强;③研究视角上,西方更注重女性在空间中的情感体验,国内则更关注由于女性角色的不同而形成的时空行为模式。今后,女性主义地理学研究应进一步革新数据获取方式,对多元化研究主体给予更多学术关注。     

中国老年地理学研究进展

在中国全面进入老龄化社会的大背景下,老龄问题逐渐成为新常态和学者关注的焦点。本文采用知识图谱分析和传统文献研究相结合的方法,借助Citespace软件分析了2003-2017年国内老年地理学研究的热点领域,通过关键词共现归纳出中国老年地理学研究的特点为：①人口老龄化时空格局及驱动机制和养老设施空间配置成为近年来老年地理学研究的热点领域,但大区域小尺度、更深层次驱动机制有待进一步研究;如何将老年居民的社会交往、情感归属、社会资源与社区多维度结合,是未来社区建设与养老重点关注的方向;居家养老理论探索与实践总结尚未形成理论突破并推动政策实践,亟待学者对其进行本土化的理论构建。②老年人健康与环境研究成为新兴研究领域和主导方向,如何由宏观层面关注老年人健康与环境关系到微观层面关注老年个体情感体验、地方依赖,空间化健康与环境关系,选择和量化人文因素将是今后研究的重点难点。③对老年人空间行为研究有待实现定量和质性研究的互补融合,探索强调个体认知、行为偏好的行为主义地理学与强调时空整体性与制约的时间地理学的有机结合成为未来发展方向。     

国外地理学对公共卫生问题的研究与启示

在工业化、城镇化、信息化持续发展,全球变化和全球事件轮番冲击的背景下,公共卫生研究不断深化,已发展为全球性的跨学科议程及研究热点.回顾相关文献发现,国内外地理学对公共卫生问题的研究在数量上均经历了缓慢上升、加速上升和当前的快速上升阶段,但切入角度和关注议题存在差异.本文通过梳理国外地理学对公共卫生问题的研究,对这一领域...     

国际上的政治地理学研究进展与启示————对《Political Geography》杂志2005-2015年载文的分析

通过对国际上的政治地理学旗舰性杂志《Political Geography》2005-2015年期间391篇成果的分析,总结出国际政治地理学研究的主要研究议题为:边境与边界,环境政治,空间与尺度,领土和主权以及安全问题,选举地理,社会和文化政治,其中空间与尺度,领土和主权以及安全问题,社会和文化政治几个方向研究成果占较大比例,而其他三个方向则相对较少.通过研究方法分析发现,国际政治地理学主要采用定性分析的方法,尤其是民族志和文本分析的方法,定量分析的使用存在一定的局限性.最后,从该杂志的研究对象和研究机构两个方面的分析归纳出:欧美主导的发达国家(尤其是英国和美国)对世界政治地理学话题的学术霸权与世界南,北差异发展具有一定的相关性.在中国综合国力日渐增强,参与国际事务能力不断提高以及作为新兴的地缘政治力量崛起的社会历史背景下,政治地理学经世致用之能亟待被展现.因此,中国政治地理学发展作为发展中国家的声音势必将越来越洪亮.     

Disciplinary structure and development strategy of human geography in China

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Human geography is a discipline that studies the formation and evolution of the geographical distribution pattern of human activities. The main research objects...     

人文地理学学科体系与发展战略要点

本文属于《中国学科及前沿领域发展战略研究（2021—2035）》地理科学学科规划的系列成果之一,写作组在对人文地理学学科发展进行系统梳理与分析判研的基础上,在本文中侧重介绍未来15年的中国人文地理学学科体系与发展战略要点。人文地理学是研究人类活动地理分布格局形成和演变规律的一门学科。随着人类发展临近和进入后工业化阶段,人类活动的经济社会过程对人文地理分布规律的影响越来越重要,社会科学研究思维和方法已成为探讨和理解变化的人文地理过程和格局的重要途径,人文地理学研究方法论也呈现出自然科学和社会科学综合集成的特色。人文地理学研究的成果产出,揭示了人类活动地理分布格局和演变的科学规律,成为调控和优化国土空间开发保护格局的科学基础,在国土空间规划、区域战略和区域政策制定、空间治理现代化等方面有着广泛的应用,人文地理学的科学研究与决策应用之间具有紧密的关系。根据学科发展现状、趋势及主要产出结果,中国人文地理学可按照5个分支学科群进行学科战略布局,包括综合人文地理学、经济地理学、城市地理学、乡村地理学、社会文化地理学和政治地理学。各分支学科在新时期地理科学学科体系下,具有其优先发展领域与重点方向,相互协调,不断创新。     

中国的“领域-地盘”双层权力空间秩序——以广州市番禺区坑头村为案例

以中西方权地关系的比较为基础,探讨了中国社会由“领域-地盘”构成的双层权地秩序,其中“领域”体现了西方契约社会下的权力空间规则,“地盘”展现了中国人情社会中的权地关系特色。在中国,“人情社会”和“关系”是影响不同尺度权力运转的重要因素,进而呈现领域体系和地盘体系相组合的结构性特点。不同主体通过差异化的空间策略完成正规的领域化和非正规的地盘化,由此实现空间中权力网络的持续演替。本文具体以广州市番禺区坑头村为例,探讨了在村庄这一微观尺度形成的权力空间类型及“领域-地盘”的四阶段互动机制。基于政治地理学的领域理论,本文提出了不同于现有分析框架的中国式权地秩序新思路,有望推动既有的领域研究和领域理论的本土化。     

Integrated studies of physical geography in China: Review and prospects

Modern physical geography in China grew from Chinese traditional geography and has been profoundly influenced by the geographical disciplines of Euro-America and Russia. Since the 1950s, integrated studies of physical geography in China have made remarkable progress in the fields of comprehensive physical geographical regionalization, land studies, landscape ecology, and land surface geographical processes. During the past few decades, under the background of global change and rapid socio-economic transformation, a series of environmental and resources problems have boomed in China. To solve these problems and promote the development of integrated studies of physical geography, the following issues were proposed as research priorities: (1) coupling of land surface patterns and processes; (2) integrated research on regional responses and adaptation to global change; (3) analysis of human dimensions of the earth system; (4) ecosystem service research from a geographical perspective; (5) integration of multi-source data and model development; (6) integrated studies on unique geographical units; and (7) important global issues and relevant international programs.     

20世纪50年代以来中国综合自然地理研究进展

回顾和评述了50年来具有中国特色的综合自然地理学的研究进展。认为今后在方法论上,需进一步强调以自下而上方法为主,以自上而下方法为辅,把所研究的部分置于整个系统之中;从研究方法和技术手段看,系统分析和综合集成的方法将得到更加广泛的应用;在研究方向方面,综合自然区划的研究正向着综合区划的方向发展。现代自然地理过程的研究将会朝微观深化和宏观综合两个方向发展,关键在于地理系统中界面过程的综合研究和实现物理、化学、生物过程的综合研究。区域自然地理研究仍是综合格局和过程,进行基础研究和应用研究的操作平台。应不断加强与人文地理学的密切结合,实现更高层次的综合研究。     

西方流动性研究与交通地理学的对话：进展、启示与展望

随着现代社会空间和个人流动性水平的持续提升以及流动模式的日益复杂化,社会科学与空间科学领域对流动性的关注也持续升温。“流动转向”以来,西方流动性研究和交通地理学研究经历了激烈的碰撞,逐步展开了广泛深入的对话,推进了双方的互动发展和研究创新。而现有国内交通地理学对流动性的研究相对滞后,且跨学科的互利对话尚未有效开展。因而论文重点关注西方新流动性研究与交通地理学的对话交流与研究进展,通过梳理二者在流动性实践和意义、流动性不平等、信息通信技术与流动性3个共同议题下的探索,总结对国内交通地理学流动性研究的启示,并结合中国地理学相关研究现状以及社会发展与技术革新带来的流动性加剧状况,提出面向日常流动性的研究展望。中国流动性研究应进一步拓展流动性的多元内涵,丰富研究主体和尺度,辩证思考流动性价值,嵌入社会技术情境,并探索多元研究方法创新。     

Development tendencies and future prospects of recreation geography in Russia

It is pointed out that the conceptual basis for the shaping of Soviet recreation geography was provided by the logical-graphical model of a territorial recreation system as developed in the early 1970s. We emphasize that the fundamentally novel concepts of the functioning and development of the territorial recreation system built upon the adaptive and synergic research approaches began emerging and evolving in the Soviet Union during the 1980s. At a later time, this greatly enhanced the understanding of the mechanisms of market competition in the sphere of tourism business evolving in the country. The findings obtained in this study are in good agreement with internationally recognized achievements of other countries in the realm of tourism geography, more specifically in the study of cross-cultural interactions in terms of the home–destination and guest–host models. It is confirmed that the increasing current importance of economic synergy is attendant by a growth of research interest in the ethnopsychological aspects of tourism. A rationale is given to the sustainability criteria of recreation-geographical processes from the perspective of the problems of preserving the uniqueness of tourist destinations and ensuring the progressive dynamics of their main components: natural environment, population, economy, culture, and self-management bodies.     

Environmental geography in China: retrospect and prospect

Over the past several decades, no less remarkable than the fast economic advance has been the pollution of water, air and soil all over China. The degradation of environment provides challenge as well as opportunity to the native scientists. Benefited from their regional-scaled views and unique tools of study, Chinese environmental geographers distinguish themselves from other environment-related scientists by combining geographical methodology with means of chemistry and biology and by emphasizing region-based processes of pollutants and scaling issues. Additionally, they are benefited from the basic trainings in the branches of physical geography, such as soil geography, hydrology and climatology for a better understanding in behavior of pollutants in nature.     

Environmental geography in China: retrospect and prospect

1FromchemicalgeographytoenvironmentalgeographyThe growth of environmental geography in China can be traced back to the early 1960s when a group of geographers and soil scientists initiated a chemical geography program in China following the speciality created by Russian geographers. The main fields of studies conducted during the mid-1950s to the early 1970s involved aquatic, terrestrial and atmospheric chemistry of major elements, which focused on geochemical taxonomy of inorganic elements i…     

中国环境地理学的回顾与展望

Over the past several decades,no less remarkable than the fast economic advance has been the pollution of water,air and soil all over China.The degradation of environment provides challenge as well as opportunity to the native scientists.Benefited from their regional-scaled views and unique tools of study,Chinese environmental geographers distinguish themselves from other environment-related scientists by combining geographical methodology with means of chemistry and biology and by emphasizing region-based processes of pollutants and scaling issues.Additionally,they are benefited from the basic trainings in the branches of physical geography,such as soil geography,hydrology and climatology for a better understanding in behavior of pollutants in nature.     

Pupils' knowledge and awareness of geography when starting upper secondary school in Norway

The author, an upper secondary teacher in geography, has conducted various surveys and questionnaires among pupils every year, for 30 years. The article examines his pupils' knowledge of geography when they start upper secondary school. During their first lesson in geography they are presented with a questionnaire designed to test their knowledge of concepts, places, and causal relationships. In addition, they are asked about their perceptions of geography and expectations when they start to study a new subject. The author finds it valuable and important as a teacher to know what his pupils have learned during their lower secondary education because such information could be used to adapt upper secondary education in geography to the pupils' abilities. Further, it is important to motivate, create expectations, and develop awareness of geography. In addition to discussing pupils' knowledge of geography, the article shows briefly how school curricula and geography teaching have changed in Norwegian lower secondary schools since the early 1970s.     

政治地理学研究中“地理”的重要性——兼论中国政治地理学的范式选择和理论建构

在国际形势应对和国内社会治理的需求推动下,目前中国政治地理学的学科发展得到了越来越多的关注,基本形成了外源性研究与内生性研究并行的学科体系。然而与国际关系学、政治经济学、公共管理学等相关学科相比,中国政治地理学研究的影响力仍然有限,相关理论和方法较少被其他学科采纳应用,在国内外地缘战略和社会政策制定中的声音也相对不足。本文一方面直接回应了其他学科对“地理”内涵及其重要性的偏见和误解,另一方面指出了中国政治地理学自身在机理性研究、宏观-微观联系、研究对象整合和理论建构等方面存在的不足。本文还从权力-空间关系出发,明确了政治地理学研究的核心议题,期望有助于整合研究议题、凝聚研究共识、推动知识积累,从而增强政治地理学科的理论生产能力及其在更广泛学科体系中的影响力。     

西方经济地理学研究进展

20世纪80年代以来,西方经济地理学与经济学、政治学、社会学、管理学等社会科学广泛融合,呈现出空前繁荣的局面。本文对这一时期西方经济地理学的思潮演变、热点研究领域以及政策研究等方面进行梳理。西方经济地理学在经历了地理学的“新经济地理学”和经济学的“新经济地理学”两个影响深远的变革后,研究领域和主题逐步走向多样化与复杂化。本文综述了8个热点研究领域,包括区域与地方发展、经济全球化、产业地理、劳动力地理、创新与创意地理、消费地理、环境经济地理和金融地理的研究进展,并讨论了经济地理学与政策研究的关系,最后总结了西方经济地理学的特点。