一种改进Elman神经网络的电离层TEC预报方法

为了建立更高精度的电离层T EC预报模型,利用IGS数据中心提供的平静期与磁暴期电离层T EC原始序列,提出基于奇异谱分析法(SSA)与Elman神经网络结合的电离层T EC预报模型.实验结果表明,在电离层平静期T EC的预报精度上,SSA-Elman组合模型的精度更加稳定,预测残差值在2 T ECu以内;在电离层磁暴...     

克里金插值法内插IGS电离层图精度分析

采用克里金插值法和常用插值方法内插IGS电离层图数据,获得重庆CORS网5个基准站电离层穿刺点处的VTEC值,和利用5个基准站的GPS平滑伪距观测值解算的VTEC值进行比较,发现克里金插值法和常用插值方法的内插精度相当,故克里金插值法内插IGS电离层图的精度是可靠的。     

iGMAS全球电离层TEC格网产品精度分析

为了分析与评估国际GNSS监测评估系统(iGMAS)全球电离层TEC格网产品精度,该文基于iGMAS及IGS各电离层分析中心发布的全球电离层TEC格网产品,进行了精度比较分析,结果表明:iGMAS与IGS、CODE、JPL、ESOC、UPC等IGS电离层工作组发布的全球电离层TEC格网产品,在全球、不同纬度带和欧洲等不同区域均表现出较高的一致性和强相关性,互差为0~2.0 TECU;JPL分析中心GIM的内符合精度约为2.5 TECU,iGMAS、IGS、CODE、ESOC和UPC等分析中心GIM的内符合精度均小于1.5 TECU;在2~8 TECU的精度范围内,iGMAS全球电离层TEC格网产品的精度总体与IGS、CODE、JPL、ESOC、UPC等IGS电离层工作组的精度相当。     

电离层延迟的区域CORS数据实时监测

针对区域电离层变化情况较为复杂,所确定的电离层模型系数难以反映其短时间内的变化情况问题,该文提出了利用旋转地图内插结合曲面拟合模型实现区域电离层实时监测方法。采用旋转地图内插IGS提供的电离层数据,能够有效补偿电离程度与太阳位置的强相关性,提高总电子含量内插精度;基于曲面拟合模型对区域电离层进行实时监测,实现了模型系数的实时更新。利用JSCORS网的双频观测数据,采用曲面拟合模型建立了实时的区域电离层监测模型,数据计算结果表明,其网内外精度分别优于0.81TECU和0.96TECU。     

不同分析中心电离层TEC产品精度评估

针对不同电离层产品精度存在差异的问题,对国际全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）服务员组织（IGS）、美国喷汽动力实验室（JPL）、欧洲定轨中心（CODE）、国际GNSS监测评估系统（iGMAS）、欧空局欧洲空间运行中心（ESOC）分析中心电离层产品进行精度评估,实验结果表明：在中国地区CODE和ESOG的中心电离层产品电离层格网数据（GIM）时间序列结果表现出高度的一致性;在欧洲地区CODE、ESOG和IGS中心电离层产品GIM的时间序列结果表现出高度的一致性;JPL中心电离层产品在中国地区、欧洲地区VTEC日平均值均最大;iGMAS中心电离层产品在中国地区、欧洲地区电离层VTEC日平均值均最小。IGS、JPL、CODE、i GMAS、ESOC分析中心电离层产品在中国地区VTEC的互差在3.6 TECU内,在欧洲地区VTEC的互差在3.2 TECU内,IGS、JPL、CODE、iGMAS、ESOC分析中心电离层产品在中国地区VTEC值相关系数均大于0.90,在欧洲地区相关系数均大于0.94,均表现出强相关性。     

两种GPS精密星历拟合算法的性能比较

国际GNSS组织提供了GPS卫星的精密星历、对流层延迟与电离层延迟等产品,而GPS高精度导航定位需要对GPS精密星历进行内插。本文采用拉格朗日和切比雪夫多项式两种拟合方法对IGS提供的GPS精密星历进行插值处理,分析两种方法对于GPS星历插值精度的影响,并改变部分参数,讨论不同参数设置对插值算法的影响并进行实测数据的验证。     

全球电离层模型的OpenMP多线程并行解算

探讨了OpenMP多线程技术在全球电离层建模中的应用。在日固地磁参考系下采用15阶次的球谐展开建立全球电离层模型,并对1天解、3天解两种方案的结果与IGS电离层产品进行了对比,电离层图偏差的均方根约3~5 TECU,且3天解的方案首尾两组电离层图与IGS产品符合得更好;卫星差分码偏差和接收机差分码偏差与IGS的差异分别约为0.2 ns和2 ns,仅有少数几个接收机差分码偏差在少数几天与IGS差异较大,超过3~4 ns。实验中使用Dell服务器R730（配置:128 GB内存、2个CPU、8个核心和32个线程数）,采用OpenMP多线程并行计算能够明显提高全球电离层模型的建模效率,单天解算仅需约7 min,3天解算需约22 min,效率提升近8倍。使用3 d观测数据并采用OpenMP多线程并行计算来建立全球电离层模型可有效节省建模时间,同时还能提高首尾两组模型系数的精度以进一步提升全球电离层模型的精度,对建模算法的测试、电离层产品的快速发布以及模型后续检验和预测等带来了便利,也为后续实现利用多卫星导航系统观测数据快速建立全球电离层模型提供了参考。     

GNSS全球广播电离层模型精度分析

单频用户主要采用全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system,GNSS)广播电离层模型来修正电离层延迟,GPS、Galileo和BDS-2均播发广播电离层参数。BDS-3试验卫星也播发了应用于全球电离层延迟修正的BDGIM(BeiDou global ionospheric delay correction model)模型参数。以国际GNSS服务(International GNSS Service,IGS) GIM (global ionosphere maps)产品和全球140余个GNSS观测站GPS双频观测量为基准,从全球范围、不同纬度、不同区域等系统分析了GPS、Galileo和BDS-3的全球广播电离层模型改正精度,并与IGS预报电离层产品(IGS P1和IGS P2)进行比较。分析认为,IGS P1和IGS P2产品的改正精度总体最优,BDGIM参数优于Gal NeQuick和GPS K8。对于BDS-3新发布的BDGIM参数,分析认为,在全球范围的改正精度(均方根)约为3.58 TECU,改正率约77.2%,在全球不同区域的改正精度相当。     

远距离下CORS的双差电离层延迟内插模型精度分析

为了验证传统的内插模型能否满足远距离下连续运行参考站系统(CORS)的双差电离层延迟精度的需求.通过构建电离层双差观测方程,以线性内插模型(LIM)和距离相关线性内插模型(DIM)为研究对象,以虚拟参考站技术(VRS)为代表,将解算得到的监测站双差电离层延迟与通过LIM和DIM内插算法得到的监测站双差电离层延迟进行对比,分析这两种模型在远距离CORS网下的双差电离层延迟内插效果.实验结果表明,在远距离CORS网监测站条件下,LIM模型的内插精度高于DIM模型内插精度.      

iGMAS全球电离层延迟模型及并行计算策略

针对全球电离层延迟建模中传统串行处理方法效率低等问题,研究了基于全球分布的IGS跟踪站和iGMAS跟踪站观测数据实现全球电离层建模并行解算的基本方法、流程及策略。在Bernese软件基础上研制了一套iGMAS全球电离层延迟建模软件。为了验证并行解算方法的正确性和计算效率,利用全球200个左右IGS跟踪站和6个iGMAS跟踪站2014-08-20-2014-09-06共7周的观测数据,解算了快速电离层TEC格网。与IGS,CODE以及ESA最终电离层格网比较,结果表明:基于该方法解算的快速电离层TEC格网,与CODE,ESA以及IGS最终电离层TEC格网的互差,统计不同纬度带内偏差的均方根误差,全球范围内偏差的均方根误差均在1.5~2.5 TECu之间,南北半球高纬度地区在0.5~1.5 TECu之间,所有地区均优于5 TECu,整体精度与IGS,CODE以及ESA最终电离层TEC格网精度产品相当。     

The IGS VTEC maps: a reliable source of ionospheric information since 1998

The International GNSS Service (IGS) Working Group on Ionosphere was created in 1998. Since then, the Scientific community behind IGS, in particular CODE, ESA, JPL and UPC, have been continuosly contributing to reliable IGS combined vertical total electron content (VTEC) maps in both rapid and final schedules. The details on how these products are being generated, performance numbers, proposed improvement as far as VTEC evolution trends during near one Solar Cycle, are summarized in this paper. The confirmation of (1) the good performance of the IGS combined VTEC maps, and (2) the characteristic VTEC variability periods, are two main results of this work.     

利用GPS监测电离层总电子含量的季节性变化

利用Georgiadiou电离层模型计算了GPS系统硬件延迟，从而由双频伪距观测值获取绝对电离层总电子含量值。利用北京IGS站的GPS观测数据分别计算了2000年和2004年各个不同月份的总电子含量值，对两年各月份的总电子含量进行多项式拟合，发现总电子含量的季节性变化趋势一致。     

Using DORIS measurements for modeling the vertical total electron content of the Earth’s ionosphere

The Doppler orbitography and radiopositioning integrated by satellite (DORIS) system was originally developed for precise orbit determination of low Earth orbiting (LEO) satellites. Beyond that, it is highly qualified for modeling the distribution of electrons within the Earth’s ionosphere. It measures with two frequencies in L-band with a relative frequency ratio close to 5. Since the terrestrial ground beacons are distributed quite homogeneously and several LEOs are equipped with modern receivers, a good applicability for global vertical total electron content (VTEC) modeling can be expected. This paper investigates the capability of DORIS dual-frequency phase observations for deriving VTEC and the contribution of these data to global VTEC modeling. The DORIS preprocessing is performed similar to commonly used global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) preprocessing. However, the absolute DORIS VTEC level is taken from global ionospheric maps (GIM) provided by the International GNSS Service (IGS) as the DORIS data contain no absolute information. DORIS-derived VTEC values show good consistency with IGS GIMs with a RMS between 2 and 3 total electron content units (TECU) depending on solar activity which can be reduced to less than 2 TECU when using only observations with elevation angles higher than \(50^\circ \) . The combination of DORIS VTEC with data from other space-geodetic measurement techniques improves the accuracy of global VTEC models significantly. If DORIS VTEC data is used to update IGS GIMs, an improvement of up to 12  % can be achieved. The accuracy directly beneath the DORIS satellites’ ground-tracks ranges between 1.5 and 3.5 TECU assuming a precision of 2.5 TECU for altimeter-derived VTEC values which have been used for validation purposes.     

Monitoring Seasonal Variations of Ionospheric TEC Using GPS Measurements

The regional ionospheric model is adopted to determine satellite-plus-receiver differential delay. The satellite-plus-receiver differential delay is estimated as constant values for each day. Dual-frequency GPS pseudo-ranges observables are used to compute vertical TEC (VTEC). All the monthly mean VTEC profiles are represented by graphs using GPS data of the Beijing IGS site between 2000 and 2004. The monthly averaged values and amplitudes of VTEC are also represented by graphs. The results indicate that the VTEC has seasonal dependency. The monthly averaged values and amplitudes of VTEC in 2000 are about 2 times larger than that in 2004. The maximum VTEC values are observed in March and April, while the minimum VTEC values are observed in December. The seasonal variations trend is found to be similar after polynomial fitting between 2000 and 2004.     

用“预测-校正”法快速解算接收机码间偏差

为了提高接收机码间偏差的计算效率和精度,利用CODE中心发布的全球VTEC地图和卫星码间偏差,通过内"预测-校正"法快速解算接收机码间偏差,并结合VTEC多项式对内插结果进行误差项改正。新算法解算的码间偏差与IGS发布的数据差值基本维持在0.2 ns以内,表明该算法计算精度较高,且效率明显高于传统方法。     

Anomalies in broadcast ionospheric coefficients recorded by GPS receivers over the past two solar cycles (1992–2013)

The anomaly phenomenon of broadcast ionospheric model coefficients of the Global Positioning System (GPS) is revealed after analyzing the navigation file data collected from all the IGS (International GNSS Service) stations worldwide over a 22-year period (1992–2013). GPS broadcast ionospheric coefficients widely used by many single-frequency users to correct the ionosphere errors for numerous GPS applications are usually believed to have only one set/version per day. However, it is found that GPS receivers from the IGS network can report as many as eight sets/versions of ionospheric coefficients in a day. In order to investigate the possible factors for such an anomalous phenomenon, the relationship between the number of coefficient sets and solar cycle, the receiver geographic locations, and receiver types/models are analyzed in detail. The results indicate that most of the coefficients show an annual variation. During the active solar cycle period from mid-1999 to mid-2001, all of the coefficients extracted from IGS navigation files behaved anomalously. Our analysis shows that the anomaly is also associated with GPS receiver types/models. Some types/models of GPS receivers report one set/version of ionospheric coefficients daily, while others report multiple sets. Our analysis also suggests that the ionospheric coefficient anomaly is not necessarily related to ionospheric scintillations. No correlation between the anomaly and geographic location of GPS receivers has been found in the analysis. Using the ionospheric coefficient data collected from 1998 to 2013, the impact of ionospheric coefficient anomaly on vertical total electron content (VTEC) calculation using the Klobuchar model has been evaluated with respect to the Global Ionospheric Maps generated by the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe. With different sets of coefficients recorded on the same day, the resulting VTEC values are dramatically different. For instance on June 1, 2000, the largest VTEC at one of our test stations can be as large as 153.3 TECu (total electron content unit) using one set of coefficients, which is 16.36 times larger than the smallest VTEC of 9.37 TECu computed from using another set of coefficients.     

基于区域电离层建模的硬件延迟参数估计

介绍计算硬件延迟的方法,采用电离层VTEC模型进行系统组合硬件延迟的参数估计;比较单站和多站建模的差异,并且对解算结果的准确性与稳定性与IGS公布的结果进行比较.计算结果与IGS的计算结果一致,表明修正硬件延迟后的电子浓度含量能较好地反映磁暴现象.     

区域电离层TEC建模及其在磁暴上的应用

介绍计算卫星及测站硬件延迟的方法,采用低阶球谐函数模型进行系统组合硬件延迟的参数估计,选取欧洲区域内的10个IGS观测站,15 min实时解算一个VTEC模型,对解算结果的准确性和稳定性与IGS公布的结果进行比较,计算结果与IGS的计算结果一致。针对2015年3月17日发生的磁暴,利用经过硬件延迟修正后的电子含量,研究测站上空的电离层电子含量的变化情况,表明其能较好地反映磁暴现象。      

基于GPS的2003年10月28日太阳耀斑的电离层响应研究

本文利用VTEC(the Vertical Total Electron Contents)增量和VTEC变化率分析了电离层在2003年10月28日太阳耀斑期间中国的四个IGS跟踪站的响应情况.通过分析比较说明用VTEC变化率似更适合探测电离层对太阳耀斑的响应,并有望发现耀斑期间电离层的一些扰动现象,但在能得到高精度的绝对离层延迟的情况下,利用VTEC增量能准确全面地反映电离层对耀斑响应的整体变化情况.     

基于GPS数据的地震前电离层TEC异常研究

选取印度洋区域7个IGS站,运用2004年12月26日印度洋地震前后共计25 d的GPS观测数据,计算出高时空分辨率的VTEC.综合考虑了太阳和地磁活动参数,运用统计分析的方法,详尽阐释了地震发生前TEC减小的电离层异常现象.