The failure of the National Science Foundation to protect Antarctica

In this issue of the Marine Pollution Bulletin, and earlier in Science magazine (Massey, 1992), the National Science Foundation (NSF) described its efforts to clean up the Antarctic environment and to implement the recently adopted Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty. Although NSF has taken modest steps to address certain environmental impacts from its operations in Antarctica, it misrepresents its past actions and exaggerates the extent of its commitment to environmental protection in Antarctica under the new Protocol.     

Concentrations,coexisting forms,and features of silicon distribution and migration in surface waters of Ukraine

The results of studying silicon concentrations and coexisting forms in surface water bodies of Ukraine with different hydrological regime, hydrophysical and hydrochemical characteristics are presented. Silicon distribution between its dissolved and suspended forms, as well as the relationship between the concentration of suspended silicon and the weight of suspended matter and its nature are discussed. The dominating form of silicon migration is shown to be its dissolved form (70.1–99.4% of its total content), while suspended form of silicon dominates in river waters with higher concentration of suspended matter of mineral origin, (56.1–81.5%). The results of studying silicon distribution between abiotic and biotic components of suspended matter, as well as between its dissolved forms with different charge signs are given. Dissolved silicon in the water bodies under study is shown to account for 93.0–99.0% of neutral fraction, where its compounds with molecular weight <0.2 kDa dominate.     

地震波形的分形判别与特征提取

研究地震波的复杂性和它的自相似性以及计算地震道时间序列分数维等一系列特征问题,能得出地震波在复杂构造及断点位置的一系列特征,能轻易地实现地震道异常点的计算机自动拾取。对更深入地研究地震波和更准确地解释地震资料,会有很大的帮助。本文提出了计算地震道分数维的一般方法。实验表明地震道时间序列的分数维在异常点会具有不同的数值,其变化点能够定量指示出异常的准确位置。这对更精确的研究时间剖面上断点及不同地质构造变化有着非常重要的意义。     

黄土地区爆破地震土氡效应

本文主要介绍1982年7月在甘肃永登黄土地层进行的160吨(TNT)爆破的土氡振动效应情况。观测到黄土地区爆破土氡具有显著的振动效应,各观测点出现的变化具有下列五点特征:(1)变化的普遍性;(2)变化形态的相似性;(3)空间展布的不均匀性;(4)时间上的突发性;(5)变化幅度随距离增长的衰减性。文中还对各种变化特征及有关的机制进行了初步的分析和讨论。     

PZ40型数字地电仪

地电方法测量的物理量实际上是一个直流电压(供电电流也是通过标准电阻转换成电压的)、为了提高观测精度,实现地电测量的自动化,67年原兰州地球物理所邢台队试用过直流数字电压表;72年以后兰州地震大队和宁夏地震队先后使用过PZ5型、PZ8型、PZ13型等直流数字电压表,这些仪器在地电测量中往往因为抑制不住外来的干扰而使仪器的精度大大降低甚至不能正常工作。73年昆明地震大队、74年兰州地震大队先后都试制成数字式的地电仪。     

Technique development of PC104 embedded module and its application in the geophysical instrument design

Introduction Electronic technique has been developing to so large scale integrated and high intelligent that the microprocessor has been the core in the electronic equipment or in the process control system design relying on its strong controlling and computing power, convenience to be application designed and to be programmed. Now the mainstream solutions widely used in the geophysical appliance are the single chip microprocessor (MCS), the digital signal processor (DSP), the common compute…     

PC104嵌入式模块技术研究及在地学观测仪器设计中的应用>.

简单讨论了当前地学观测仪器设计中普遍使用的各种微处理器，并详细介绍了嵌入式PC104模块的特点和功能，揭示了该模块在观测仪器设计中具有较好的适用性和优点．通过对PC104模块各应用技术的具体研究，实现了PC104模块在磁通门磁力仪、地震数据采集器、GPS定位导航设备的实际应用设计．      

2003年12月1日昭苏6.1级地震及余震的定位

分析比较了中国新疆昭苏6．1级地震序列资料和哈萨克斯坦科教部地震研究所提供的该次地震目录，通过补充哈萨克斯坦地震台网的地震资料，对2003年12月1日发生的昭苏6．1级地震及其51个余震进行了重新定位，并对此次地震的微观震中、宏观震中进行了讨论。     

库尔勒数字地震台台基噪声分析

选取库尔勒地震台FBS—3数字地震仪不同时段的无震记录资料，运用傅里叶变换对其台基噪声进行频谱分析，并计算台基的平均噪声水平及仪器的实际动态范围。库尔勒地震台数字地震仪台基噪声主要来自随机干扰，噪声频段相对稳定，噪声幅度随时段有所变化。观测系统实际动态范围符合数字地震仪架设的要求。     

Sixty Year's Experience in Operating the Rybinsk Reservoir

The social and economic role of the Rybinsk Reservoir is assessed, and its hydrological, hydrophysical, and hydrochemical features are characterized. The reservoir biota formation is described and its potential for fishery is determined. The attitude of the state structures and the community toward the reservoir in different periods of its existence is discussed.     

水库及周缘地区诱发地震危险性评定的一种模型及其应用

对已蓄水并建有地震观测台网、毗邻长江三峡水库的湖北清江隔河岩水库及其周缘地区各不同位置的诱震总体组合环境（条件）及相应的诱发地震活动结果进行统计、计算和分析,建立了一种诱发地震危险性评定模型,据此模型对长江三峡水库及其周缘地区的水库诱发地震危险性进行了预测和评价     

单机地震数据采集系统NCDAS——华北地区遥测地震台网联网论文续一

设计了一套单机地震数据采集软件系统NCDAS.文中描述了该软件的总体结构、各任务块的功能、事件检测算法以及硬件环境.     

台网中心地震前兆数据库的结构及其管理维护

台网中心地震前兆数据库已运行2年多时间,积累了大量的数据,但在实际使用中,数据库的管理维护还存在不少问题。本文着重介绍了地震前兆数据库的结构及在实际使用中如何对其进行管理维护,并介绍了地震前兆数据库管理人员提供给用户使用前兆数据的方法。     

Numerical calculations of tectonic stress field of Chinese mainland and its neighboring regions and their applications to explanation of seismic activity

IntroductionChinesemainlandliesinthesoutheastofEurasianPlateandisclampedbyindian,PacificandPhilippineSeaPlates.Besides,itislocatedatbetweenthetwobigseismicactivebeltsintheworldatthesametime.Differingfromtheshowoftwobigseismicbeltswhichhaveseismiczonaldistributionalongplateboundary,Chinesemainlandanditsperipheralareahaveapeculiarcharacter,expressingseismicallylargestrength,highfrequency,widedistribution,shallowfocus,seriousdamage,multiplestyles,extremelynonuniformspace-timedistributionandsoo…     

基于CM4模型的中国大陆地区地磁场时空分布特征分析

本文利用第四代地磁场综合模型（Comprehensive Model 4,CM4）,计算了1982-2001年中国大陆地区同一经度链和同一纬度链上地磁台站的磁层源磁场及其感应场、电离层源磁场及其感应场的地磁北向分量X、东向分量Y、垂直分量Z的模型值,分析了各场源磁场随时间和空间的变化特征。结果表明:在时间上,经度链和纬度链台站的磁层源磁场及其感应场均呈现出11年和27天周期性变化。电离层源磁场及其感应场具有明显的季节变化,不同年份相同季节变化形态一致但幅度不同。在空间分布上,经度链和纬度链台站磁层源磁场及其感应场的年变化幅度呈现出不同变化特征,电离层源磁场及其感应场在经度链上变化特征不同,而纬度链台站的数值基本一致。日变化分析显示,磁静日和磁扰日期间,模型数据与台站实测数据变化一致性较好,相关性较高。     

A new scheme for fast calculation of seismic traveltimes and ray paths in heterogeneous media

IntroductionBoth traveltimes and ray paths are vital information for seismic theoretical research and practice such as stack migration, traveltime inverse, calculation of covering time and so on (Xu, et al,1992). At present, they are obtained usually by either ray shooting (Liu, el al, 1986) or finite difference solution of the eikonal equation (Vidale, 1988; Zhang, et al, 1996). The ray shootingmethod can be understood and programmed easily. However, it is difficult for the method to treatc…     

1985年8月23日新疆乌恰地震6.7级强余震频谱分析

在1985年8月23日新疆乌恰7.4级地震后二十天,即9月12日04点45分53秒发生了一次6.7级的强余震,在距微观震中约4公里处获得了强震记录。其最大水平向加速度值为123.8伽,是最大竖向加速度值的四倍。这次地震的反应谱峰值周期比海城、唐山、松潘地震都长。因此,虽然在微观震中处地震动强度相当于烈度7°,但震害却仅是6°。     

江苏地区220 kV标准变电站抗震性能评估

220 kV变电站建筑在电网系统中地位非常重要,其承载能力安全性,尤其是其抗震能力,对电网系统稳定有决定性影响。为评估变电站结构抗震承载能力,明确其倒塌机理,从而为新建变电站结构抗震设计提供技术支撑。以国家电网江苏公司220 kV标准变电站结构为例,选取3条地震波,采用弹塑性时程法,分析结构在不同地震波不同输入方式下的响应。研究结果发现:三向地震波输入下变电站结构地震响应很大;结构的损伤、失效主要发生于结构薄弱部位;现有220 kV变电站结构的抗震承载力不高,鉴于其重要程度,其安全度应增强。     

The Skeptical Environmentalist: A Sociocultural Perspective

Bjorn Lomborg's critique of environmentalism has been praised by The Economist as ‘right’ on its main points and ‘just’ in its criticism of much green activism, and damned by Scientific American as a ‘failure’ in its purpose of describing the state of the world. Most of the debate has centred on Lomborg's treatment of environmental issues. But the book is about more than the environment, and its flaws extend beyond his use and interpretation of the data. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The problems of ocean incineration: A case of modern mythology

Incineration of hazardous waste at sea has been conducted in Europe since 1969 by six different vessels, three of which are still in operation. With the exception of a number of successful test burns from 1974 to 1982, this technology has not been utilized commercially in the United States. Several independent groups have encouraged or otherwise have supported its use including industry groups, public interest groups, as well as the United States Environmental Protection Agency, but all efforts to permit it have thus far been unsuccessful. One of the primary factors has been the misconceptions of the technology.This paper describes the myths that have developed about ocean incineration, its safety, its technological ability to destroy organics, its effects on the environment, its need in the overall scheme to clean our environment. These misconceptions have played an important role by contributing to the delays in the acceptance of this valuable and needed technology at both the public and regulatory levels. Several key issues are addressed and, hopefully, the myths surrounding ocean incineration will, at last, be laid to rest.