当代世界的矿产资源

论述了最近５０年来世界矿产资源供求关系的变化和现状,着重讨论了独联体国家、北美地区西欧国家、中欧和东欧国家、日本、澳大利亚和南非共和国、欧佩克国家的矿产资源情况。俄罗斯仍是矿产资源大国,但矿山开采工业每况愈下,许多矿种没有清楚的探明储量。独联体一些国家某些矿种储量大,但没有维持经济正常发展的其它矿种。美国的某些矿种储量大,但其它矿种不足,例如石油、天然气、煤、铝、铜、铅、锌、锡、镍、钴、钨等需求量     

红层软岩边坡岩体工程特性研究

通过调查研究四川地区80个红层软岩边坡的几何形状、结构面产状、边坡岩体强度等特征,探讨了块度、回弹值、回弹比、JRC、坡高与坡度的关系.提出了回弹比,分析其与坡度、稳定性间的相关关系,指出回弹比是对边坡稳定性影响的一个重要因素.确定了各因素对坡度的影响的重要性依次是块度、回弹值、回弹比、JRC和坡高.     

Trace elements in minerals as indicators of the evolution of alkaline ultrabasic dike series: LA-ICP-MS data for the magmatic provinces of northeastern Fennoscandia and Germany

In this paper we report the results of the analysis of rare earth (REE), large-ion lithophile (LILE), and high field strength (HFSE) elements in minerals from the alkaline lamprophyre dikes of the Kola region and the Kaiserstuhl province by the local method of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The contents of Y, Li, Rb, Ba, Th, U, Ta, Nb, Sr, Hf, Zr, Pb, Be, Sc, V, Cr, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu were measured in olivine, melilite, clinopyroxene, amphibole, phlogopite, nepheline, apatite, perovskite, and the host fine-grained groundmass. The obtained data on trace element partitioning among the mineral phases of the alkaline ultrabasic rocks of the dike series indicate that the main mineral hosts for the HFSEs and REEs in alkaline picrites, olivine melanephelinites, and melilitites are perovskite and apatite comprising more than 90% of these elements. Among major rock-forming minerals, melilite, clinopyroxene, and highly magnesian amphibole make a significant contribution to the balance of REEs during the evolution of melanephelinite melts. The partition coefficients of Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Sc, V, Cr, Ga, Y, Li, Rb, Ba, Th, U, Ta, Nb, Sr, Hf, Zr, Pb, Be, and all of the REEs were calculated for olivine, clinopyroxene, amphibole, phlogopite, nepheline, perovskite, and apatite on the basis of mineral/groundmass ratios. Variations in the composition of complex zoned clinopyroxene phenocrysts reflect the conditions of polybaric crystallization of melanephelinite melt, which began when the magmas arrived at the base of the lower crust and continued during the whole period of their ascent to the surface. The formation of green cores in clinopyroxene is an indicator of mixing between primary melanephelinite melts and phonolite magmas under upper mantle conditions. The estimation of the composition of primary melts for the rocks of the alkaline ultrabasic series of the Kola province indicated a single primary magma for the whole series. This magma produced pyroxene cumulates and complementary melilitolites, foidolites, and nepheline syenites.     

金矿床主要矿物标型特征研究综述

总结了金矿床中金矿物、黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿及黄铜矿等金属矿物和石英、碳酸盐矿物、云母类矿物及金红石等非金属矿物的产状，晶体形态、比重、硬度、颜色、反射率、导电性、热发光性等物理性质，谱学特征以及化学成分特征。从中提取出不同类型金矿床成因信息，含矿与非矿矿物特征以及判定金矿化程度、矿床规模和矿体剥蚀程度的指标。     

熔体-溶液体系中元素分配系数:新资料及其研究方向

基于近几年来国内外学者测得的熔体-溶液体系中F、Cl、P、CO_2、B、Au、Pb、Zn、Cu、Fe、Mg、Li、Rb、Cs、K、Na、Ca、Sr、Ba、Co、Ni、Be、Mo、W、Si、Al、REE、Sc、Ti、U、Th、Zr、Hf、Nb、Pt、Ir、Pd等元素的分配系数,从元素性质、溶液成分(阴离子和阳离子)、熔体成分和物理化学条件等方面进一步分析总结了分配系数变化规律,并提出了预测未知元素分配系数的元素性质准则、溶液成分准则、熔体成分准则和物理化学条件准则,最后指出了这一研究领域今后的研究方向。     

Comparative geochemistry of shell phosphorites and dictyonema shales of the Baltic

Major and trace element composition of the Ordovician Obolus phosphorites and associated Dictyonema shales were determined by ICP-MS and chemical and microchemical elemental analyses. Relative to the phosphorites, the Dictyonema shales are substantially enriched in a variety of trace elements, except for As, Be, Co, Y, REE, Sr, and Pb. The Obolus phosphorites show enrichment of As, Bi, Hg, Mo, La, Y, Pb, and Sr and depletion of Ag, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hf, Ni, Sc, Sn, U, V, Zn, and Zr relative to the world average phosphorite composition. The average trace element composition of the Dictyonema shales is close to the mean shale composition, except for higher contents of Mo, Hg, Pb, Se, Ta, Te, Th, V, and U and lower contents of Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Re, Sr, and Zn. The results suggest that the change from phosphate sedimentation in aerated environments to anoxic carbonaceous sedimentation was accompanied by changes in the composition and concentration of trace elements in the sediment. Both facies show similar trends of trace element distribution indicative of the stability of the composition of seawater and terrigenous sediment input.     

中国农业地质研究及其成效

论述了中国土壤质量和农作物优质高产与土壤环境中化学元素N、P、K、S、Fe、MR、Cu、ZB、B、Mo、V、Sr、Ti、Mg、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Y、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Ga、Co、Ni、F、Tl、Si、Na、Cr、Pb、Cd、Hg、Se、Ba、Te、Ta及有机质、酸碱度、含水量、含盐量有密切的关系。提出了农业地质研究的目的、内容、方法及管理。     

江苏省海州式磷矿岩石地球化学特征及成矿背景

本文对苏北地区锦屏组磷矿石及地层样品进行了岩相学及地球化学分析,研究了磷矿初始沉积环境和源区特征。磷矿类微量元素富集Ba、Pb、U、Sr,贫Th、Ta、Nb、Ti;REE配分曲线为LREE富集型,Ce负异常,表明成矿环境为陆缘海,且成矿过程受深海热水沉积和生物作用影响。Sr、Nd同位素初始值判断磷灰岩物质来源为年轻的地壳物质。绿片岩类微量元素富集Rb、Th、K,贫Th、U、Ta、Nb、Sr、Ti;REE配分曲线为LREE富集型,判断其原岩为陆源碎屑岩。（混合）片麻岩类微量元素富集Pb、Th、K,亏损Ba、Ta、Nb、Sr、Ti;REE配分曲线为LREE富集型,具地幔源区特征。     

Rockfall数值模拟在零星高位崩塌地质灾害勘查中的应用

贵州省大方县小屯乡法启村一组崩塌地质灾害为一高位崩塌地质灾害隐患,崩塌方式以零星崩落为主,威胁下部83户510名居民及法启火车站安全。本文以贵州省大方县小屯乡法启村一组崩塌地质灾害隐患为例,根据勘查及调查测绘,模拟剖面的选取,坡面的参数确定,运用Rockfall软件数值模拟,模拟出崩塌落石运动过程中的特征参数,掌握了崩塌落石的运动特征,为该地质灾害防治提供了重要的参数依据。研究结果表明,Rockfall数值模拟在零星高位崩塌地质灾害勘查中可分析出崩塌落石的主要堆积停留区、最远崩落距离和各点位的落石动能、最大弹跳高度等详细数据,避免了公式计算的单一性,体现了模拟的随机性,与崩塌地质灾害的实际运动特征更接近,可更有效的指导崩地质灾害的防治,具有重要实践意义。     

Arsenic and metal mobility from Au mine tailings in Rodalquilar (Almería,SE Spain)

In the old mining area of Rodalquilar, mine wastes, soil and sediments were characterized and the results revealed high concentration of Au, Ag, As, Bi, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Se, Sb and Zn in tailings and sediments. The contaminant of greatest environmental concern is As. The mean concentration in the tailings was 679.9, and 345 mg/kg in the sediments of Playazo creek. The groundwater samples from the alluvial aquifer showed high concentration of Al, As, Cd, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sb and Zn and very high concentration of chloride and sulfate, which were above the concentration defined in the European standards for drinking water. The presence of As in groundwater may be caused by the oxidation of arsenian pyrite, the possible As desorption from goethite and ferrihydrite and the jarosite dissolution. Groundwater concentrations of Cd, Fe, Mn, and possibly Cu, were associated with low values of Eh, indicating the possible dissolution of oxy-hydroxides of Fe and Mn. The mobility of metals in the column experiments show the release of Al, Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Ni, V and Zn in significant concentrations but below the detected values in groundwater. However, As, Cd, Sb, Se Pb and Au, are generally mobilized in concentrations above the detected values in groundwater. The possible mass transfer processes that could explain the presence of the contaminants in the aquifer and the leachates was simulated with the PHREEQC numerical code and revealed the possible dissolution of the following mineral phases: jarosite, natrojarosite, arsenian pyrite, alunite, chlorite, kaolinite and calcite.     

广西栗木锡铌钽矿床地球化学分带模型与找矿评价标志

从找矿地球化学角度,依据栗木锡铌钽花岗岩型矿床的分带、元素异常组合、平均含量和比值的垂直变化特征,综合建立了矿床地球化学分带模型,指出了F、Li、Be、W、Sn、Nb、Ta、Cu、Mo、Bi、Ti是寻找该类矿床的有效指标,总结了矿体前缘、近矿和矿尾的异常组合、强度及比值等地球化学评价标志.     

中国重晶石矿主要矿集区及其资源潜力探讨

将中国重晶石矿划分为5种矿床类型[沉积型、层控(内生)型、火山-沉积型、热液型和风化(残坡积)型]、14个矿床式[大河边式、湘黔式、秦巴式、李坊式、石榴村式、南庄坪式、顶罐坡式、大池山式、铺沟式、潘村式、宋官疃式、谭子山式、镜铁山式、象州式]、9个重晶石矿集区[甘南-陕西南-鄂北沉积型、黔东-湘西-桂北沉积型、鄂西南-川东南-黔中层控(内生)型、邢台-汲县-运城层控(内生)型、安丘-临沭-含山热液型、闽西南沉积型、桂粤热液型、锡铁山-镜铁山-青铜峡火山-沉积型、桂粤琼风化(残坡积)型]。通过研究典型矿床,总结其成矿规律,建立区域成矿模式,认为沉积型、层控型矿集区是重要的重晶石潜力地区,尚有一些有待开展工作的空白区,已有老矿山深部及外围仍有找矿潜力。     

豫北平原咸水水文地质特征及开发利用

豫北平原是河南省重要的能源、冶金和纺织等工业基地,也是粮棉油料作物的主要产区。同时,又是水资源较匮乏的地区。但大量咸水(矿化度>1 0g L)资源得不到开发利用,且广泛分布的咸水已日益突出地成为环境水文地质问题。根据大量实地调查资料和地质成果,文章较详细地论述了豫北平原咸水含水层分布、富水性、补给、径流和排泄、水化学和同位素、利用现状及动态等水文地质特征。为缓解豫北平原水资源供需矛盾的压力,变害为利,根据咸水的分布状况、咸水农业利用和咸水养殖利用的适宜性、咸水改造方法和补源条件等,提出咸水开发利用与改良规划应"以用为主,以用促改"。结合各地实际情况,对不同矿化度的咸水应采取不同的开发利用方式、改良方案和措施。     

层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿的形成条件及找矿判据

本文综合分析了国内外层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿形成的大地构造背景和盆地结构构造，岩相古地理，地貌与气候，水动力与水学，层间氧化带发育等必备的有利条件，并进而提出了铀源丰富，气候干旱；稳定大盆，产状平缓，深积大扇，相变不大；砂泥互层，埋深不大；含水性好，透水性强；层间氧化带发育，富含还原剂等找矿判据，以及“六位一体”的水成成矿模式。     

战略新兴矿产调查工程进展与主要成果

随着我国经济社会发展和产业升级,钾盐、稀有金属、稀土金属、稀散金属、萤石、叶蜡石、脉石英、晶质石墨、硼等矿产在新一代信息技术、新能源汽车及高端装备制造等战略性新兴产业发展中发挥着越来越关键的作用,需求量也逐步攀升。 “战略新兴矿产调查工程”(2019—2021)以查明重要矿种的资源潜力、取得找矿突破、助推形成大型资源基地为目标,以矿调为手段,开展全国重点地区大型资源基地和重要矿集区锂、钾、铍、铌钽、萤石、脉石英等矿种成矿规律和找矿方法的创新研究,同时开展矿产资源的综合利用研究,取得了一批重大找矿成果,丰富了成矿理论,创新了找矿方法。概要介绍了该工程在川东北锂钾找矿、川西稀有稀土金属矿产调查、新疆阿尔金稀有金属矿产调查、江西赣南—福建浦城地区萤石、硼资源、东部地区脉石英、叶蜡石特种非金属矿产找矿等方面取得的新进展; 介绍了川东北、川西、阿尔金等主要成矿带稀有稀土矿产、萤石、脉石英等关键矿种成矿规律、勘查技术方法、绿色调查及综合利用等方面取得的成果,对进一步提高我国钾盐、锂矿、萤石、脉石英等战略性矿产资源保障程度和研究程度,促进新兴产业发展和我国战略性矿产后续调查评价具有重要意义。     

基性岩侵入对页岩矿物学特征的影响:以松辽盆地嫩江组为例

已有研究表明岩浆侵入对页岩矿物学特征产生影响,然而对其影响范围及程度缺少精细解剖,制约了岩浆活动对页岩矿物学特征影响机理的准确认识.以松辽盆地南部与辉绿岩接触的嫩江组页岩为对象,利用岩心观察、XRD、偏光显微镜及扫描电镜等手段,将接触带页岩距辉绿岩由远及近划分为5个带:（1）灰色页岩带,厚19 m,（2）深灰色页岩带,厚11 m,（3）灰黑色页岩带,厚12.9 m,（4）青灰色页岩带,厚1.5 m,（5）灰白色页岩带,厚2.2 m.石英含量增多,平均含量分别为27.0%、33.6%、51.7%、56.7%和52.7%,由陆源碎屑石英过渡为高温自生石英（微晶自形石英及微晶球状石英）,重结晶现象加剧;长石含量增多,平均含量分别为8.8%、12.0%、14.0%、15.1%和18.2%,由他形过渡为半自形-自形,重结晶现象加剧;碳酸盐矿物含量先减少后增多,平均含量分别为9.0%、10.0%、7.5%、4.5%和6.0%,菱铁矿及方解石由自形过渡为胶状及脉状;黄铁矿含量逐渐减少,平均含量分别为5.4%、3.5%、1.0%、0%和0%,由草莓状及自形过渡为他形粒状;粘土矿物含量逐渐减少,平均含量分别为46.0%、36.5%、22.5%、20.1%和19.0%,由片状蒙脱石过渡为絮状伊利石.结果表明,基性岩侵入页岩不仅加速了页岩成岩演化进程,而且使页岩脆性矿物增加、塑性矿物减少,可提高页岩储层的脆性及可压性,减弱了页岩气的赋存能力.      

湖南香花岭地区有色、稀有多金属矿床主要类型及找矿方向

通过研究区域成矿地质背景和香花岭地区有色、稀有多金属矿主要类型及地质特征,总结了本区的成矿条件和成矿规律,认为地层、构造、岩浆岩对矿床的形成起了不同的控制作用,其中岩浆岩是内因,有利的地层岩性及构造空间是外部条件。在此基础上,进一步分析了香花岭地区找矿前景,并指出了炮金山—杉木溪(铷铌钽钨锡铅锌)、黄沙寺—长冲(铅锌锡)、蕉溪—塘官铺—癞子岭(锡铅锌)、新风深部及东部(锡铅锌)、五里山—铁砂坪(锡钨铅锌)、唐家洞(铅锌)等勘查区找矿工作部署重点位置。     

Geochemical and Mineralogical Characteristics of Pleistocene Lignites and Associated Sediments of Marathousa Coal Field,Central Peloponnese,Greece

The mineralogy and geochemistry data are presented for thirty-seven shales,four concretions,two carbonate sediments and seven lignites from the Marathousa coal field of the Megalopolis Basin in Greece.The argillaceous rocks consist of chlorite,illite,kaolinte,albite,quartz.opal-A,calcite and dolomite;the concretions of aragonite,gypsum and pyrite;and the carbonate rocks of calcite,quartz and illite.The mineral matter in the lignites consists of gypsum,quartz,albite,chlorite,illite,opal-A,dolomite,pyrite,and rarely calcite and kaolinite Athree-factor model explains the total variaition of major and trace elements in the argillaceous sediments.The first factor is an aluminosilicate factor and involves the following elements:Al,Si,Mg,Na,K,Ti,Mn,Nb,Y,Rb,Zn,Cu,Ni,Cr,Nband V,associated with chlorite,albite and illite.The second factor involves the elements Ca,Sr,Ba,Znand Sc and is related to carbonate lithology and mainly the carbonate concretions with gypsum.The third factor involves Fe and Ce with a weak association with Mn.The diagenesis of the Marathousa sediments and lignites was not very advanced as indicated by (a) the total thickness of the sequence (500m),(b) the presence of biogenic silica(opal-A) and (c) the age of the deposit(Pleistocene).FOr these reasons the rpresence of chlorite,illite and kaolinite in the sediments and lignite is due not to diagenetic reactions but to weathering of the flysch and metamorphic rocks at the edges of the Megalopolis Basin and transport of the weathering products(illite,chlorite,kaolinite)into the basin of deposition.The diagenetic minerals of the Marathousa sequence include pyrite,gypsum,dolomite and aragonite.     

鲁西南浅层高氟地下水成因的水文地球化学研究

鲁西南京杭运河以西的大部分地区浅层地下水氟含量普遍偏高,最高达6.0 7mg/L,是地方性氟中毒症高发区。根据巨野煤田勘探期间在巨野、郓城、嘉祥等地进行的浅层地下水(埋深<2 0m)水文地球化学调查资料,结合本区地形、地貌、气候、岩性等因素,对浅层地下水的水文地球化学特征及高氟地下水的成因机理进行了研究,指出本区地下水氟的富集主要与pH值、矿化度、HCO₃-、Ca2+、Mg2+含量有关,计算了F、Ca、Mg 3种元素的组分浓度以及几种固相沉积物的饱和指数,并提出了相应的预防和治理措施。