带压开采煤层底板的承压能力研究

通过实测资料揭示了煤层底板保护层在一定条件下存在导水和贮水的性能,并剖析了这种性能的水理性质和规律,阐明了起始水力梯度、消压强度、抗水压强度、临界突水系数在概念上的统一性;在此基础上,分析了煤矿突水的机理与模式;并指明了探测研究保护层这一特性在确定开采煤层底板抗水压能力和带压开采安全性等方面的重要意义。     

Measurement of the Strong Pressure Appearance Laws with Hard Roof and Full Mechanized Mining Extra Thick Coal Seam

To master the laws of strong strata behavior of Tashan coal mine under Carboniferous coal mining process, the laws of strong strata behavior in 8107 working face was measured and analyzed. It was shown that the average initial weighting step of 8107 working face was 59.4 m. The average periodic weighting step of main roof was 16.2 m. The maximum working resistance during periodic weighting was 14,711.1 kN. The maximum working resistance during non-periodic weighting was 11,339.9 kN. The average dynamic load factor K during periodic weighting was 1.31. The stress of coal column on the side of the goaf could be divided into four zones (stress stabilization zone, stress slow-increasing zone, significant—increasing stress zone, stress reduction zone) along the strike of 8107 working face. There was a peak of lateral support pressure along the trend of 8107 working face. And the peak position was biased to the side of return airway roadway. With the increase of the distance from the down-side of return airway, the pressure peak of the inner coal body along the strike of 8107 the working face increased and the peak position decreased from the coal wall. The peak stress of coal column tended to be close to the up-side of return airway. And the distance from the down-side of return airway for the peak of inner coal was larger than that for the peak of coal pillar. The peak position of abutment pressure of hard roof was in the range of 10–25 m in front of 8107 working face under full mechanized mining extra thickness coal seam conditions. The relative stress concentration coefficient of k was 1.3–6.5. The range of 10–25 m from the front of the working face to coal wall was stress reduction zone. And the influence range of abutment pressure was about 80 m. It was of great significance to the control and practice of the surrounding rock of the stope for the mining of the hard extra-thick coal seam.     

Research on the Regular of Underground Pressure by Similarity Simulation

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Correct and reasonable estimation of roof pressure regular and mine pressure behavior is conducive to better service of mine safety mining. Based on 1304...     

准格尔煤田西南部煤层夹矸及顶底板稀土元素地球化学特征及地质意义

准格尔煤田含煤岩系高岭岩资源丰富,高铝矿物来源备受关注。采用高分辨率电感耦合等离子质谱等技术对石炭-二叠系太原组6号和山西组4号煤夹矸及顶底板中的稀土元素进行分析,并探讨了其物质来源。结果表明,6号煤夹矸及顶底板中稀土元素总量（ΣREY）均值为167.69μg/g,接近上地壳ΣREY值（168.4μg/g）;4号煤夹矸及顶底板中ΣREY均值为210.22μg/g,高于上地壳的ΣREY值。4号煤夹矸及顶底板中轻稀土含量均值与6号煤相当,中稀土和重稀土含量均值为6号煤两倍以上。6号煤夹矸及顶底板分层样中δCe为0.82～0.94,δEu为0.53～0.87;4号煤中δCe为0.88～0.98,δEu为0.74～0.97;均为Ce、Eu负异常。6号煤层夹矸及顶底板稀土元素主要来源于盆地北西侧阴山地区元古界花岗岩和北东侧下古生界沉积岩。4号煤层夹矸及顶底板稀土元素物源主要为盆地北侧阴山地区下古生界和元古界的沉积岩和火成岩系。     

Study on Rationality of Large Diameter Pressure Relief Drilling Parameters Under Different Coal Seam Conditions

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - To study the influence of changes in the coal seam mechanical characteristics at depth on the stress relief effect of a borehole, this paper established...     

Research on Roof Fracture Characteristics of Gob-Side Entry Retaining with Roof Cutting and Non-pillar Mining in Thick Coal Seam,China

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Based on the S1201-2 large height mining in the 2–2 coal seam of Ningtiaota colliery with on-site microseismic measurement, physical simulation and...     

淮南潘北煤矿A组煤层底板灰岩水数值模拟分析

潘北矿位于潘集背斜北翼,区内发育了不同尺度断层和裂隙,且切割了不同深度的灰岩含水层.其中,太原组C2Ⅰ组灰岩含水层,直接影响A组煤层安全开采.通过放水试验,获得大量基础试验数据,分析了水文地质条件,建立了水文地质概念模型及数学模型,并采用总恢复和总放水作为模型的识别和验证阶段,结果表明:井田内太原组C2Ⅰ灰岩含水层为非均质性,边界条件是复杂的,含水层内部的断层具有不同程度导、隔水性等;并验证了在局部地段与奥陶系、寒武系灰岩含水层之间存在水力联系,以及灰岩露头区中F1、DF1均为导水断层等,为下一步A组煤层安全开采,防治灰岩水提供科学依据.     

芦岭煤矿8煤层顶板特征研究

基于钻孔岩心资料,分析了芦岭煤矿8煤层顶板的岩性类型和顶板的结构类型,统计了顶板30m以内砂岩的厚度和8煤直接顶厚度。按照硬质岩石百分含量(K)的大小将顶板岩体岩性分为硬质岩体、中硬岩体和软质岩体三类;按照直接顶厚度/采高的比值(Km)将顶板的工程地质类型分为无周期来压顶板、周期来压顶板和周期来压强烈顶板三种类型,得出了8煤顶板类型分区。研究结果为该矿工作面布置方法、顶板支护方式的选择提供了依据,为顶板事故的预防提供了参考资料。     

煤层底板破坏深度统计分析

受奥陶纪石炭岩（下称奥灰）水威胁的煤层的开采,是当前一个重要的研究课题,其发展方向之一是“带压开采”。近年来,一些科研单位与生产现场合作,先后进行了十多次“带压开采”试验。通常采用综合观测的方法,来观测煤层底板岩层导水性、声波速度、位移和压力等在煤层开采前后的变化,对底板岩层的破坏程度进行综合性的判断,为论证奥灰承压水上煤层开采的可行性与安全性提供依据。     

松软突出煤层复合排渣钻进技术试验研究

为提高煤矿松软煤层瓦斯抽采钻孔施工深度和抽采效果,以中风压(0.7～1.2 MPa)复合排渣钻进技术为基础,采用不同规格的螺旋钻具组合配合相应的工艺参数进行现场试验,比较不同钻具组合的应用情况,选择适应松软突出煤层的最优钻具组合与配套工艺,达到高效施工全煤长钻孔的目的。     

张家口市万全煤田煤层地下气化开发条件研究

根据万全煤田地质构造、水文地质、地层岩性、煤类与煤质、煤层(组)厚度与夹矸的具体分布特点，对万全煤田煤层地下气化开发条件及其前景进行了较为全面的分析和研究，对今后本区煤炭资源开发利用具有一定的指导意义。     

煤炭地下气化过程中顶板岩层移动特征的研究

采用热弹塑性模型,运用有限元软件,对煤炭地下气化的整个过程进行模拟,得出了煤炭地下气化过程中顶板岩层不同位置处的位移,并将其结果与传统煤炭开采的结果进行对比。结果表明:煤炭地下气化和煤炭开采过程中,顶板岩层移动曲线符合负指数函数关系;煤炭气化顶板岩层下沉速度比煤炭开采下沉速度快,且垂直位移较大;离煤层顶板越近,垂直位移越大,特别是直接顶位移急剧增大。     

新义煤矿底板采动破坏规律及突水危险性研究

为了研究新义煤矿煤层底板的突水危险性,分析了矿区的水文地质条件,设计了底板采动破坏的测试方案,结合FLAC数值模拟软件和经验公式对底板采动破坏深度进行了分析,采用考虑矿压影响的斯列萨列夫公式对底板突水危险性进行了评价,为新义煤矿的安全合理开采提供了科学依据。     

华北南部煤田煤层底板含水层水文地质特征及有关问题

本文讨论的华北南部煤田是指华北石炭二叠纪煤田的南带,即大致在北纬34°30'线南侧的豫西—两淮坳陷地区。区内包括平顶山、徐州、两淮等17个煤田（矿区）,跨豫、皖、苏、鲁四省,煤炭资源丰富,媒质良好,交通便利。深入研究这些矿区的水文地质条件,并且进行经济技术合理的水文地质勘探工作,将有助于煤炭工业的高速度发展。     

A Multi-method Approach for Estimating the Failure Depth of Coal Seam Floor in a Longwall Coal Mine in China

Determining the failure depth of coal seam floor is necessary for safe mining operations, especially when the coal seam is located above confined aquifers with high water pressure. Geomechanical, geophysical, and hydrogeological data collected during the longwall mining of the first working face of coal seam no. 16 in the Nantun coal mine, Shandong Province, China, were used to calculate the failure depth of the coal seam floor above the Ordovician limestone confined aquifer. The multiple method approach employed by this study made use of the plastic sliding theory, empirical formulas, water injection test, and numerical simulation. Multiple methods can compensate for and validate each other and also overcome the intrinsic limitations of any single method. The results showed that the most appropriate value of the failure depth of the coal seam floor in the mine was 14.6 m and this value proved useful for knowing the effective thickness of water pressure-resistant layer below the coal seam. The failure depth also proved to be an important parameter when preventing groundwater flow into the mine from the coal seam floor.     

贵州省岔河勘探区主采煤层瓦斯压力分析

分析岔河勘探区龙潭组主要煤层6号煤瓦斯压力的实测结果,及部分钻孔依据煤层瓦斯含量计算的瓦斯压力,得出该主采煤层瓦斯压力均大于煤层突出危险性指标的临界值0.74MPa,说明该区主煤层存在突出危险性。比较实测瓦斯压力与计算结果,认为计算结果偏小的原因与煤层瓦斯含量有关：一是在钻具提升过程中部分瓦斯逃逸,造成煤样解吸测定过程中累计解吸的气体量变小;二是气体损失存在误差;三是解吸化验时间过长,产生泄出现象,导致实测瓦斯含量偏小。     

地层倾角对转换波动校速度分析的影响

动校正速度的求取是三维转换波数据处理的重要环节,其精度高低对转换波的叠加成像质量影响很大。理论上转换波的速度求取受包括界面倾角在内的多种因素影响,但实际应用时这些因素往往被忽略。为证明倾角对动校速度的影响程度,依据前人的研究成果,模拟倾斜地层计算了不同倾角条件下二维测线CCP道集、三维全方位CCP道集PS波动校正速度,并对由不同倾角引起的计算精度差异进行了研究。研究结果表明,对于二维转换波CCP道集,界面倾角不同,动校拉平的速度会差别较大,即使如此也总能实现很大倾角范围内的CCP道集的同相叠加,获得较好的成像质量;对于三维全方位CCP道集,当界面倾角超过一定范围,无论怎样进行精细扫描,得到的都只能是适合特定方位的速度,无法得到适合任意方位的动校扫描速度,随着界面倾角的减小,利用速度扫描的办法可以在一定的偏移距范围内将来自不同方位的记录较平,界面倾角越小,可以校平的偏移距越大;另外由于道集内的地震记录依赖视倾角的动校正速度,在反射界面倾斜的情况下,方位不同,动校正速度不同,致使二维反射PS波资料往往比三维反射PS波资料容易叠加成像。     

Numerical Simulation of the Lagging Water Inrush Process from Insidious Fault in Coal Seam Floor

Because of insidious fault’s concealing performance and lagging nature, water inrush from insidious faults in coal seam floor can cause great threads to the mine safety. Based on analyzing the engineering geology conceptual model, this paper simulated the insidious fault lagging water inrush process and showed the lift height of the confined water in the insidious fault fractured zone (LHCWIFFZ) and the formation of water inrush channel. Then the concept of the potential water inrush channel with time effect was put forward. In order to further illustrate the time effect of the lagging water inrush from insidious fault, theoretical analysis was made from two aspects of the time effect of the plastic zone development height in the insidious fault fractured zone (PZDHIFFZ) based on the differential flow deformation theory and the time effect of water inrush channel in the upper part of the insidious fault (WICUPIF) based on the subcritical crack propagation theory. Simulation results showed that the results are basically consistent with mining practice.     

测井参数在准东煤田大井矿区一井田煤层及顶底板强度评价中的应用

测井所计算出的岩体弹性强度ε值和RC非常近似,相关性也很好。大井矿区一井田利用声波测井及密度测井,获得岩石速度与密度参数,以此计算岩石强度参数。与24组岩样试验值比较,其绝对差值率为19.77%。计算发现在实验值小于20MPa时,测井计算的岩体强度值偏大;当试验值在20～30MPa之间时,测井计算的岩体强度值偏小;当试验值大于30MPa时,两者非常接近,但测井值偏小者居多。根据测井计算的岩石强度,对该井田B1煤层及其顶底板强度进行了评价,并绘制了B1煤层及其顶底板岩体强度分区图。     

坚硬顶板煤层一次采全高顶板支护管理研究

大采高综采技术是厚煤层开采工艺的重要发展方向,越来越多地被采用,顶板事故在矿山生产安全事故中占有较大比例,有效控制顶板,合理对顶板进行支护是采矿过程中必须认真考虑的问题。大采高综采工作面采场顶板跨度大、高度高,矿山压力复杂,管理难道大,本文针对某矿9、10号煤层大采高综采工作面顶板坚硬特性,通过理论计算出了不同工作条件下支架工作阻力和顶板支护强度参数,结合对本矿区所做的相似模拟实验结论,对顶板管理中支护强度进行了分析研究,就矿区特定顶板条件选定和提出了具体支护要求。