东海沉积地层矿物研究

本文据东海五口探井的559个碎屑矿物样资料,用主要重矿物的含量及其组合特征编绘了含量变化图,试图进行分层比较。位于西湖凹陷的平湖一井和玉泉1井重矿组合特征可比性较好;龙井2井三潭组以下与上两井缺少可比特点;灵峰1井除东海群外,其余地层与上列3井相比,差异是大的。     

典型岩溶流域土地整理的生态评价——以云南小江流域为例

以云南小江典型岩溶流域为例,在GIS支持下,通过选择评价因子和建立评价模型对岩溶区的土地整理进行了生态评价。结果表明: 流域生态评价分值较高的土地面积较少,而生态评价分值较低的土地面积较大。分值在80～ 100的土地整理主要任务是在保护生态环境质量和耕地数量的前提下,加快流域经济结构的调整,提高土地利用的经济效益;分值在70～ 80的土地整理主要任务是耕地数量保护和质量保护并重,提高土地的生产能力,提高经济效益,同时防止水土流失及化肥、农药施用对地下水造成的非点源污染; 分值在60～ 70的土地整理主要任务是着重于生态环境的保护和重建以及立体农业的综合开发; 分值在60以下的土地整理主要任务是土地石漠化的治理。      

Public perception of climate change in China: results from the questionnaire survey

Based on the questionnaire survey, this paper analyzes China’s public perception of climate change in terms of several influence factors and some empirical findings are obtained. We find that some respondents are willing to take individual actions to address climate change, and they pay more attention to climate change or approve that climate change does harm to residents and society; meanwhile, they tend to have confidence in the government to deal with climate change or believe that fiscal and taxation policies are the effective policy measures. However, there are also other respondents unwilling to take actions and argue that climate change proves the natural consequences. Thus, in order to motivate the public to take actions, the paper suggests that the government should widespreadly disseminate relevant knowledge about climate change to the public and guide the work to address climate change and adopt proper fiscal and taxation policies.     

过去5000年西太平洋副热带高压活动的泥炭纤维素碳同位素记录

文章以金川和红原两组泥炭纤维素Δδ¹³C时间序列值的反向变化来指示西太平洋副热带高压活动变化.结果表明,在过去5000年中,西太平洋副热带高压的活动可分为4个阶段,即西太平洋副热带高压位置在2800～2200B.C.期间持续偏北,2200～600B.C.期间持续偏南,600B.C.～1200A.D.期间在北进与南移之间频繁波动,以及1200～1900A.D.期间再次持续偏北,它们导致降雨量在中国大陆上不同的分布.从约1900A.D.起西太平洋副热带高压的活动似乎又开始一个新的偏南阶段,值得进一步加强研究.     

湖南省探矿权、采矿权市场现状与发展对策

探矿权、采矿权市场是社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分．培育和规范探矿权、采矿权市场不仅是实现矿产资源利用方式和管理方式转变的根本途径，更是推动矿业经济全面开放。走向健康有序发展的强大动力．湖南省的探矿权、采矿权市场还不发育，与我国市场体制的发展进程和其他各类市场的建设进程相比，很难适应入世的需要．在对湖南省探矿权、采矿权市场现状进行深入分析的基础上，提出了解放思想、整顿秩序、明确政策、加强勘探。严格规划、加强领导等项措施来培育和规范我省探矿权、采矿权市场．     

加强非金属矿产工作促进社会经济可持续发展

二十一世纪是我国全面推进工作化、市场化、科技化和国际化进程的时期，作为国民经济与社会发展基础的非金属矿产资源的调查评价、开发利用与保护面临新的机遇和挑战，存在着资源的有效供给、综合利用、深度加和环境保护等方面的矛盾，为此，本文通过对非金属矿产资源的特性和国内外开发研究现状等方面的分析，提出了进一步工作的建议；开放新资源，探索新用途，提出资源的综合利用程度；重视非金属矿产地质工作，增强矿产资源战略储备，加强非金属矿产资源管理，实现矿产秩序根本好转；搞好矿山生态环境建设，促进资源开发与环境保护协调发展；依靠科学技术进步，提高矿产资源利用效率。     

Landslide risk: some issues that determine societal acceptance

This paper illustrates approaches to landslide risk acceptance in various parts of the world in the context of the willingness to accept that risk, the willingness to pay to reduce the risk, and the willingness to alter the environment in the process. These factors are interlinked using the ternary ??willingness diagram?? which is also used to demonstrate how such willingness may change over time and to compare a range of generic approaches to landslide remediation as well as different conceptual approaches to landslide risk management. The willingness construct is intended to provide a readily understood framework for infrastructure owners and operators, amongst others, to understand how their approach to risk management compares with those in other regions, countries and contexts. Issues relevant to the response of society and groups of individuals to landslide risk, its acceptance and management include cultural factors, regulation and planning, budgetary constraints, vehicular vulnerability, and the often limited size of the event footprint compared to the vulnerability shadow that is cast are also discussed.     

排桩支护基坑的一种桩身位移及内力解析法推导及其应用

选取某一支护面上的任意一根桩为研究对象,设置一道支撑（或锚索或锚杆）及开挖至坑底,建立其受力平衡方程和位移协调方程。通过圈梁的协调作用,将研究对象扩大到整个支护面,推导出能够同时考虑开挖过程、支撑设置以及桩-土-圈梁共同作用的支护面位移和受力方程组,利用FORTRAN语言编制的程序求解,可计算出开挖至坑底工况下圈梁、桩身任一截面的内力、水平位移。通过算例计算圈梁（桩顶）的位移与监测位移及部分桩的内力,与文献[1]方法计算的内力进行对比分析,验证文中方法的合理与可行性。     

融入WTO——为农业服务的化工矿产资源发展战略构想

我国直接为农业服务的磷、硫、钾矿资源总体形势不容乐观。针对各自资源特点,应采取不同的发展战略:磷——立足国内,有进有出,南出北进;硫——立足国内,适当进口,调整结构,必要储备;钾——稳定进口,国外开发,国内开发,国内找矿,四位一体,分三步走。为此建议:将磷、硫、钾纳入战略性矿产资源的范畴进行管理和规划;强化地勘队伍,加大找矿力度;增加投入,寻求新的突破;加大“走出去”的步伐;规范进出口秩序;国家在更高的层面进行宏观调控;拓宽为农业服务的新领域。     

Evaluation of uranium and arsenic retention by soil from a low level radioactive waste management site using sequential extraction

The European Communities Bureau of Reference (BCR) and Chunguo sequential extraction procedures were employed to evaluate the retention of U and As by a soil contaminated with low level radioactive waste. Modifications were made to both procedures to optimize the measurement of soil and extractant samples using epithermal neutron activation analysis. Based on the BCR procedure, approximately 20% of the U appeared to be bound to the carbonate fraction, 10% to the mineral oxide fraction and 20% to the organic fraction. In the case of As, the majority was strongly bound in the residue fraction. The results obtained with the Chunguo procedure supported these conclusions to some extent, in that the majority of the U and As was found to be strongly bound to the soil in a manner consistent with its presence in the residue fraction.     

Principles to coordinate managed aquifer recharge with natural resource management policies in Australia

Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is a tool available to water-resources managers that assists agencies to secure water supplies and protect aquifers and groundwater-dependent ecosystems in the face of climate change and growing water demand. Yet few natural-resources managers have access to a coordinated set of policies that enable the potential benefits of MAR to be fully realised in urban and rural areas. This paper reviews contemporary Australian water-resource policies and systematically applies a refined set of ‘robust separation of rights’ principles based on secure entitlements, annual allocations and end-use obligations to guide the coordination of policies specific to each of the four operational processes central to MAR schemes: source water harvesting, aquifer recharge, recovery of stored water and end use. Particular attention is given to the formulation of policies relating to the recovery of water, including the feasibility for market exchange of permanent and temporary rights to recover recharged water, as these have the potential to greatly expand the role of MAR. Aquifer characteristics, existing groundwater extractions and potential third party effects need to be taken into account in determining both recovery entitlements and annual allocations. A transitional pathway to implement novel MAR policies is suggested.     

A topical evaluation and discussion of data movement technologies for data-intensive scientific applications

Transferring large volumes of information from one location to potentially many others that are geographically distributed and across varying networks is still prevalent in modern scientific data systems. This is despite the movement to push computation to the data and to reduce data movement needed to compute answers to challenging scientific problems, to disseminate information to the scientific community, and to acquire data for curation and enrichment. Because of this, it is imperative that decisions made regarding data movement systems and architectures be backed by both analytical rigor, and also by empirical evidence and measurement. The purpose of this study is to expand on the work performed by our research team over the last decade and to take a fresh look at the evaluation of multiple topical data transfer technologies in use cases derived from data-intensive scientific systems and applications in the areas of Earth science. We report on the evaluation of a set of data movement technologies against a set of empirically derived comparison dimensions. Based on this evaluation, we make recommendations towards the selection of appropriate data movement technologies in scientific applications and scenarios.     

攀西地区红格层状岩体的地球化学特征

红格岩体赋存有大型钒钛磁铁矿床，在橄辉岩相带和辉石岩相带底部有铂族元素（PEG）的矿化，是攀西层状岩体中重要的岩体之一，系统分析了红格层状岩体不同岩相带的微量元素和稀土元素特征，探讨了岩浆的结晶分异演化过程，提出岩体主体上是由一个岩浆房经正常的结晶分异形成的，底层的硫化物富集带和中上层位的钒钛磁铁矿是岩浆结晶分异产生的堆积相，并非是岩浆多次脉动式补给的结果。     

基于钻进状态监测的智能工况识别

钻进过程状态监测旨在实时描述钻进工况,判断运行性能优劣程度进行非优追溯,及时指导司钻人员调整作业操作,保证钻进过程安全、高效、稳定开展。钻进工况是钻进系统运行状态的反映,因此开展面向状态监测技术的钻进工况识别研究具有重要的理论和应用价值。本文针对钻进工况识别问题,基于状态监测数据,建立基于支持向量机的钻进工况识别模型,对钻进工况进行识别。综合工况识别结果,对钻进效率进行评估,并对影响钻进效率的因素进行讨论,寻找提升钻进效率的手段。最后,采用钻进现场实钻数据进行仿真实验,验证所提方法的可行性和有效性。     

Damage Evaluation of Agro-meteorological Hazards in the Maize-Growing Region of Songliao Plain,China: Case Study of Lishu County of Jilin Province

Agro-meteorological hazards such as drought, waterlogging and cool summer occur with very high frequency and affect maize production and social-economic development in the maize-growing region of Songliao Plain, China. Moreover, both the frequency of these hazards and loss from them are considered to be increasing with global warming. The purpose of this paper is to quantitatively analyze the relationships between the fluctuation of maize yield and drought, waterlogging and cool summer, and to evaluate the consequences of these hazards in the maize-growing area of Songliao Plain, taking Lishu county as a case study area based on GIS (Geographic Information System). Crop yield-climate analysis and regression analysis were employed to analyze and quantify relationships between the fluctuation of maize yield and drought, waterlogging and cool summer, and to evaluate the consequences of these hazards. The parameters and model of damage evaluation were presented using weighted comprehensive analysis, and the degree of damage of drought, waterlogging and cool summer to maize production was comprehensively evaluated and regionalized. It is shown that from 1949 to 1990, the negative value years of the fluctuation of maize yield due to meteorological hazards accounted for 55% of seasons, of which 14% was caused by drought, 30% by waterlogging, 4% by cool summer and drought, 9% by cool summer and waterlogging, 13% by drought and waterlogging, 30% by drought, waterlogging and cool summer. Studies on the instability and spatial variation of the fluctuations in maize yield in Lishu county showed that the middle plains are stable areas to climatic influence, while southeastern hills and low mountains, the low lands of the plains along the East Liao River and the western plain are unstable areas in terms of areas in maize yield. The synthetic index of the degree of damage to maize of drought, waterlogging and cool summer showed a strong positive correlation with the ratio of the amount damaged to the normal yield of maize. This suggests that this index can be used to evaluate such damage. The degree of damage of drought, waterlogging and cool summer to maize in Lishu county shows the regional characteristics, which increase gradually from the center to the west and east, this being almost identical with the spatial distribution of the fluctuation of maize yield due to these hazards. This study can be expected to provide the basis for developing strategies to mitigate agro-meteorological hazards and reducing the losses from them, and adjust the medium and long-term distribution of agricultural activities so as to adapt to environmental changes.     

对华南矿产资源深部探测若干问题的探讨——以若干超大型矿床深部找矿突破为例

华南是中国近百年内矿产资源开发强度比较高的地区,形成了赣南钨矿、桂北锡矿、湘南铅锌矿等一大批老矿山。随着已探明资源的快速消耗,"深地"探测、深部找矿已是大势所趋。基于对华南不同地区、不同类型、不同企业矿山生产情况的了解,文章对矿产资源的深部探测问题,从探测的目标、理论、深度、程度、效益等诸方面加以探讨,认为:当前技术经济条件下,1坚持国家目标、科学目标和人才目标相结合的原则,宜灵活运用各种成矿理论,充分发挥"五层楼+地下室"等勘查模型的作用,把"层状含矿地质体"作为矿产资源深部探测的主要目标;2坚持从已知到未知和由浅入深的原则,重点在老矿区和浅部地质与矿产资源比较清楚的工作程度比较高的地区优先部署工作,既可以降低风险又可以满足现实需要;3宜坚持点面结合的原则,2000 m、3000 m乃至于5000 m深钻的部署,宜相应地部署在矿床、矿田和矿集区工作程度最高的地区,达到立体探测和"透明化"的目的;4坚持综合评价的原则,综合调查、综合评价、综合研究,学科也要综合,避免单打一,避免单学科冒进。以问题为导向,具体问题具体分析,注意合理的探测深度和工作程度,抓住关键,有针对性地布设工作量,才能取得成效。     

DEM Simulation of Direct Shear: 1. Rupture Under Constant Normal Stress Boundary Conditions

A particle-based distinct element method and its grain-based method are used to generate and simulate a synthetic specimen calibrated to the rupture characteristics of an intact (non-jointed) low-porosity brittle rock deformed in direct shear. The simulations are compared to the laboratory-generated ruptures and used to investigate rupture at various normal stress magnitudes. The fracturing processes leading to shear rupture zone creation and the rupture mechanism are found to be normal stress dependent (progressing from tensile splitting to shear rupture) and show partial confirmation of rupture zone creation in nature and in experiments from other materials. The normal stress dependent change is found to be due to the orientation of the major principal stress and local stress concentrations internal to the synthetic specimens being deformed. The normal stress dependent rupture creation process results in a change to the rupture zone’s geometry, shear stress versus horizontal displacement response, and thus ultimate strength.     

应用层次分析法评价富水优势断裂

基岩裂隙水探寻是一项意义重大的研究课题,富水优势断裂的确定是其中的关键。文章详细论述了运用层次分析法寻找富水优势断裂并进行分级的实施方法。这一方法的实施可归纳为"两个前题条件,五个分析步骤,一个结果判断",两个前题条件为富水性功能分类和构建优势指标体系,五个分析步骤为构建层次分析结构模型、构造判断矩阵、层次单排序及其一致性检验、层次总排序、对象层权重总排序;一个结果判断为利用层次分析的结果进行断裂富水性分级,从而最终确定出富水优势断裂。此法为富水优势断裂的定量化评价提供了一种简洁、实用的新方法。      

Aeromagnetic signature analysis of Gasus area and its surrounding,central eastern desert,Egypt

This study presents analysis and interpretation of aeromagnetic data to construct subsurface structure maps and determine the depths to magnetic basement. Subsequent analysis steps are applied to the total magnetic intensity (TMI) data. These steps include Reduction to the Pole (RTP) map that was derived from the TMI map then subjected to spectral frequency analysis to isolate RTP map into high and low frequencies and determine pseudo-depth for each map from power spectrum in which there were two main average levels (interfaces) at depth 1.3 and 0.7 km for the deep-seated and near-surface magnetic structures, respectively. 3D Euler deconvolution technique is applied to calculate the depth to the magnetic contacts; the results show clustering of solutions, the shallow solutions are related to the outcrops less than 80 m from flight level, and the solutions which are related to sedimentary cover locations (Um al-Huweitat, Wasif, and Mohamed Rabah basins) are ranged between 200 and to more than 1100 m. Moreover, anomaly enhancement techniques such as tilt derivative (TD), horizontal tilt derivative (TDX), and source edge detect (SED) are applied to enhance shallow features, and determining structure element boundary for both shallow- and deep-seated anomalies and revealing possible faults such as 2D forward modeling are applied to selected profiles to adjust the interpreted structures and map the boundaries and basement relief of the three basins (Mohammed Rabah, Wasif, and Um al-Huweitat). The analysis shows that the study area is affected with network of dip–slip faults due to high shearing and compression stress which formed grabens and horsts at different depth levels in the study area. The trends of predominant faults related to deep-seated structures are NW–SE with depths ranged between 1 and 1.4 km and in regard to the shallow-seated structure, the predominant fault trends are NW–SE, NNW–SSE, and NNE–SSW with depths ranged between 0.3 and 0.8 km.     

封闭体系有机质与有机碳氢氮恢复动力学研究

在封闭体系的条件下,对典型的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型干酪根在热演化过程中的损失进行生烃动力学研究,获得了Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型干酪根的总量、有机碳、氢以及氮质量损失动力学参数。用Kinetics软件计算了封闭体系干酪根有机碳丰度、氢碳原子比和氮碳原子比的恢复系数。认为在对高成熟—过成熟干酪根进行生烃评价时,Ⅰ、Ⅲ型干酪根残余有机碳丰度需要进行恢复,而Ⅱ型干酪根残余有机碳丰度不需要恢复。三种类型干酪根的氢碳原子比均需要进行恢复。