切实维护我国对专属经济区和大陆架的权利

第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第三次会议审议通过的《中华人民共和国专属经济区和大陆架法》,秉承《联合国海洋法公约》（以下简称《公约》）所建立的专属经济区和大陆架制度,从国内法的角度确立了我国对专属经济区和大陆架的主权权利和管辖权。根据《公约》和我国...     

关于加强我国专属经济区和大陆架管理工作的几点建议

根据我国海洋管理的政策和目标,为加强专属经济区和大陆架的管理,维护国家的海洋权益,有效地行使主权和管辖权,促进我国海洋经济的持续发展,我们认为很有必要抓紧时机,开展如下几项工作。（一）完善专属经济区和大陆架管理法规江泽民同志在十五大报告中指出：“加强立法工作,提高立法质量,到2010年形成有中国特色的社会主义法律体系”,同时强调要“统筹规划国土资源开发和整治,严格执行土地。水、森林、矿产、海洋等资源管理和保护的法律”。十一届三中全会以来,我国的海洋立法工作虽然也取得了重要进展,但海洋领域的立法在我国…     

专属经济区、大陆架与领海、国土不同

１９９８年６月２６日 ,中华人民共和国主席江泽民发布主席令 :《中华人民共和国专属经济区和大陆架法》已由中华人民共和国第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第三次会议于１９９８年６月２６日通过 ,现予公布 ,自公布之日起施行。这是中国政府批准加入《联合国海洋公约》（以下简称《公约》）之后 ,秉承《公约》的宗旨 ,从国内法的角度确立了中国对专属经济区和大陆架的主权权利和管辖权。这也是继１９９２年２月２５日发布的《中华人民共和国领海及毗连区法》（以下简称《领海法》的又一部具有涉外性质的、维护国家海洋权益的国内法律。由…     

大陆架的法律制度

1　大陆架的概念　　 (1)大陆架的自然定义大陆架是指环绕大陆的浅海地带 ,陆地向海的自然延伸部分。其范围自海岸线 (多指低潮线 )开始以极缓的倾斜达到海底坡度显著增加的陆架坡折处。陆架坡折的水深变化在 2 0～ 5 5 0ｍ之间 ,平均 130ｍ。陆架平均坡度 0°0 7′,平均宽度 75ｋｍ。大陆架外是倾斜度显著增大的大陆坡和倾斜坡度变小至深海海底的大陆基。大陆架、大陆坡和大陆基三者构成大陆边。大陆边是整个地球的大陆地壳和大洋地壳的一个过渡地带 ,占海洋面积的 2 1% ,蕴藏有丰富的石油和天然区等自然资源。　　 (2 )国际海洋法中的大陆…     

我国海洋专属经济区调查工作的回顾与展望

联合国海洋法公约于１９９４年１１月２６日生效后，各沿海国家的海洋开发与管理都将面临新的形势与任务。本文对我国专属经济区调查工作进行了回顾与展望，供有关部门领导和专业人员参考。     

我国海洋专属经济区调查工作的回顾与展望

联合国海洋法公约于１９９４年１１月２６日生效后，各沿海国家的海洋开发与管理都将面临新的形势与任务．本文对我国专属经济区调查工作进行了回顾与展望，供有关部门领导和专业人员参考。     

典型国家专属经济区及大陆架规划文本比较及对中国启示

本文对澳大利亚、加拿大、英国的专属经济区及大陆架规划进展和规划文本进行对比研究,结果显示这三个国家的专属经济区及大陆架规划文本具有覆盖范围全、定期修订、注重生态系统保护和重视利益相关者的共同特点;同时在规划目标、实施力度、财政支持力度以及跟踪保障措施等方面存在差异。这表明专属经济区及大陆架规划制定应该遵循四个基本理论:国土资源安全理论、动态规划理论、可持续发展理论和利益相关者理论;同时应当做好三方面保障工作:法律保障、管理体制保障和文化保障。在此基础上针对我国专属经济区及大陆架规划目前存在的法律体系、管理体制、管理意识困境,提出相关规划编制建议。     

专属经济区和大陆架的划界

1994年11月16日,《联合国海洋法公约》生效,公约确立了200海里专属经济区制度,并将大陆架的范围扩展到大陆边外缘的海床和底土,包括地质地理上的陆架、陆坡和陆基。国家管辖海域的扩展,进一步加剧了海上划界的争端。据专家估计,全世界至少有376段海上边界存在争议,至1989年约有30％的边界获得解决。有待划定边界在加勒比海地区还有65段,在地中海和黑海地区有37段,在东南大西洋区域约有33段,在印度洋区域约有45段,在西太平洋和中太平洋区域约有43段。海上划界成为     

专属经济区一条加大国家之间贫富差别的法规

——1982年的《联合国海洋法公约》是妥协的产物,关于专属经济区的章节中就存在着不少缺陷。它忽视了划界中的海区“重叠”问题,也忽视了陆锁国和地理学上不利国家实际利益的分配问题。正如荷兰著名海洋法专家Barbara Kwiatkowska 1989年所著的《新海洋法中的200海里专属经济区》一书中提到:“在     

China's exclusive economic zone and continental shelf: developments,problems, and prospects

China promulgated its Law on the Exclusive Economic Zone and the Continental Shelf in 1998 after it had ratified the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in 1996. By so doing, China has formally established a legal regime for its exclusive economic zone and continental shelf. However, China has much to do in implementing the above law. Domestically, it needs some detailed regulations for the implementation; and regionally China has to negotiate with its neighboring countries on the maritime boundary delimitation of the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf.     

俄罗斯海洋大陆架油气资源现状与潜力探析

<正>俄罗斯具有丰富的海洋大陆架油气资源,为与俄罗斯建立良好的油气资源战略合作关系,作者对俄罗斯大陆架海洋油气资源量的分布、勘探程度、开发及投资趋势进行研究,发现俄罗斯海洋大陆架蕴藏着丰富的油气资源,其油气储量达1 000亿t油当量,其中石油占13%、天然气占87%,但分布明显     

Glauconite grains in continental shelf sediments around the Korean Peninsula and their depositional implications

Glauconite grains are an important component of the surficial sediments on the Korean continental shelf. Relatively high glauconite contents (>20%) occur near Huksan Island in the Yellow Sea and on the outer shelf of the southern East Sea where they are associated with relict, sandy sediments. By contrast, glauconite grains are rare (<1%) in clay-dominated sediments. The grains can be classified into four major categories: (1) very abundant, green to dark green, spheroidal and lobate grains displaying bulbous and honeycomb exteriors with well-developed surface cracks; (2) dark green, discoidal grains with poorly defined cracks; (3) scarce, moderately dark green, accordion-shaped grains characterized by series of closely spaced, parallel surface ridges; (4) scarce, green to dark green, foraminifer-shaped grains. Microprobe analyses as well as optical microscopy and SEM observations show that most grains are composed of mineral mixtures (e.g., quartz, mica, feldspar) rather than a single mineral species. The mineralogy, morphology, and textural properties suggest that the grains may have formed mainly by replacement of fecal pellets, and the alteration of mica and clays which have filled foraminifera tests. The high potassium contents, rosette-shaped clay structures, and bulbous shapes reflect an “evolved” (mature) stage of glauconitization. Glauconite grains in Korean shelf sediments are presumably relict, and have been produced by the reworking of older glauconitic sediments during the Holocene sea-level transgression. Received: 4 October 1999 / Revision accepted: 18 May 2000     

Abundance of chemical elements in continental shelf sediment of China

For the first time, an element abundance table of China Shelf Sea sediments is published based on 286 samples from the continental shelf of China analyzed for 62 chemical elements. The shelf sediments result from the redistribution of sediments from China over the continental shelf. On the basis of comparison of element abundances among the China shelf samples, hemipelagic Okinawa Trough samples, and pelagic brown clay from the West Pacific, it is clear that each has its own elemental characteristics. Hg anomaly enrichment in Okinawa Trough sediments may be used as an indicator of hydrothermal activity.     

Introduction: military and intelligence gathering activities in the exclusive economic zones: consensus and disagreement II

Maritime issues have risen to the forefront of current security concerns. In particular, military and intelligence gathering activities in foreign exclusive economic zones (EEZ) remain controversial. Exacerbating factors include advancing military and intelligence technology, a growing dialectic between coastal States and maritime powers, and new threats like terrorism and weapons of mass destruction. The Honolulu Meeting was part of a Dialogue series on these issues. Topics covered included a summary of the Tokyo Meeting; recent incidents and developments; different perspectives; the proliferation security initiative; implications for the EEZ regime; key terms: range of interpretation; hydrographic surveys and scientific research: differences, overlaps and implications; draft guidelines for military and intelligence gathering in the EEZ; means and manner of implementation and enforcement of any agreed rules; and conclusions and the way forward.     

南沙群岛西南陆架区条尾鲱鲤资源状况研究

根据2003年南沙群岛西南陆架区春秋两季调查资料,分析南沙群岛西南陆架区条尾鲱鲤的资源现状.结果表明,渔获率有明显的季节变动,秋季（1.76kg/h）高于春季（0.08kg/h）,春季密集分布于91～100m水深,秋季密集分布于71～80m水深.其群体组成也有季节差异,春季的平均体长、平均体重大于秋季,春季优势体长组为101～110mm,秋季优势体长组为91～100mm,渔获中不足1龄鱼占多数,其资源密度及现存资源量分别为12.02kg/km^2 和880.82t,现存资源量只有原始资源量的54.92%,该鱼种资源已接近衰退状态.文中并讨论合理利用该资源的措施.     

我国海洋监测浮标技术及监测网现状及发展

海洋资料浮标可以在各种复杂的海洋环境中提供长期、连续、实时、可靠的海洋观测数据,是海洋监测技术中最可靠、最有效、最重要的手段之一。本文概述了海洋资料浮标的分类、主要理论及技术体系;总结了近年来国内海洋资料浮标发展的典型技术突破;介绍了我国目前海洋监测网的构成、应用情况,并对比了我国海洋资料浮标与国际先进国家的技术水平差距,在此基础上,结合我国当前面临的形势及需求,展望了海洋资料浮标及监测网技术的发展趋势。     

Origin of late Pleistocene submerged marine terraces on the outer continental shelf,Northern Israel

A series of elongated hills on the outer continental shelf off northern Israel, between 100 and 120 m, rise several meters above their surroundings. They have steep escarpments seaward and gradual slopes landward. The escarpments are commonly covered by colonies of sponges. The biogenic cover is normally 1.0–1.5 m thick. The gentle slopes commonly consist of soft, unconsolidated sediment, although some bedrock outcrops occur. Stratification patterns along these outcrops suggest calcareous eolianite (“kurkar”). Coquina was encountered in several sites at the base of the biogenic cover, built of fragments of shells not observed at the present depth. The eolianite, coquina, and steep escarpments suggest a late Pleistocene nearshore terrace.