冬瓜山层状铜矿成矿地质背景及成因

以冬瓜山层状铜矿床为例,通过成矿地质背景和矿床地质特征研究,探讨层状铜矿床成因。研究发现冬瓜山层状铜矿床是在原始矿胚层沉积基础上,经燕山期岩浆热液叠加成矿作用所形成层状铜矿床,成矿作用经历了两个成矿阶段：早阶段是由泥盆至石炭纪喷流沉积形成的块状硫化矿床,晚阶段受燕山期岩浆改造而形成的热液交代型矿床。     

青海省兴海县铜峪沟铜矿床成矿物质和流体来源的地球化学探讨

青海铜峪沟铜矿床位于祁漫塔格-鄂拉山成矿亚带鄂拉山多金属矿带东南段。通过对铜峪沟铜矿床的矿石矿物微量元素地球化学研究及矿石矿物的稳定同位素研究,探讨该矿床的成矿物质及流体来源,确定矿床的成因。从测试结果来看,稀土元素配分模式为轻稀土较富集、重稀土亏损、分馏程度较高、Eu中度-强烈亏损,显示矿石物质来源为混合来源;硫同位素δ³⁴S测试结果全为负值,属轻硫型,总体上揭示出硫主要来自地层的沉积硫;铅同位素测试数据表明矿石铅部分来自沉积成岩阶段,部分与印支期造山运动有关,表明成矿物质混合来源的特征,富成矿流体在成矿之前存在均一化过程。氢、氧、硅同位素研究表明成矿热液为原生岩浆水和变质热液水,反映成矿物质来源与岩浆热液活动有关。通过研究认为,铜峪沟铜矿床为矽卡岩型铜矿床。     

湖北铜绿山矽卡岩型铜铁矿床同位素地球化学研究

湖北铜绿山铜铁矿床处于长江中下游铁铜成矿带西部鄂东成矿区内,是鄂东南地区典型的矽卡岩型铜铁矿床。矿体呈透镜状产于下三叠统大冶群第3至第7岩性段大理岩与铜绿山岩体的接触带。矿床成矿过程大致划分为干矽卡岩阶段(Ⅰ)、湿矽卡岩阶段(Ⅱ)、氧化物阶段(Ⅲ)、石英硫化物阶段(Ⅳ)和碳酸盐阶段(Ⅴ)。矿石矿物主要有磁铁矿、黄铜矿、赤铁矿;脉石矿物以石榴石、石英、碳酸盐矿物为主。通过对铜绿山铜铁矿床硫、氢、氧、碳和铅同位素组成研究,探讨成矿流体来源和成矿物质来源。研究表明,成矿流体早期以岩浆热液为主,有少量大气降水加入,后期大气降水比重加大;热液中的碳主要为深源岩浆来源,少量来自海相碳酸盐岩的溶解作用;矿石中硫化物的硫同位素组成特征反映了硫来自深源岩浆;矿石铅同位素组成稳定,为正常铅,矿石铅源于上侵过程中受地壳物质混染的幔源岩浆。     

安徽铜陵冬瓜山铜(金)矿床成矿模式

长江中、下游断裂坳陷带是我国重要的铜、金、铁、硫成矿带,存在一系列块状硫化物矿床及与其伴生的矽卡岩型和斑岩型矿床.本文以铜陵矿集区冬瓜山铜、金矿床为例,探讨了这类矿床的成矿模式.冬瓜山矿床主要由层状硫化物矿体组成,伴有矽卡岩型和斑岩型矿体.层状硫化物矿体产于晚泥盆世砂岩和晚石炭世碳酸盐岩之间,具明显的层控特征,矿体下盘发育细脉-网脉状硫化物矿化以及硅化和绢云母化,矿体中伴有热水沉积岩,矿石具典型的沉积构造.燕山期岩浆热液对层状矿体进行了叠加和改造,改变了矿石的结构构造和矿石成分.黄铜矿交代黄铁矿变斑晶呈环斑结构或脉状交代结构,交代磁黄铁矿呈交代假象结构或交代残留结构.矽卡岩型矿体中黄铜矿的δ65Cu值为0.09‰～0.83‰,集中在0.23‰～0.83‰.层状矿体中黄铜矿的δ65Cu值为0.45‰～0.78‰,与矽卡岩矿体中黄铜矿的65Cu值大致相当,这说明两类矿体中的铜具有相同的来源.铜、氢和氧同位素研究表明,冬瓜山矿床铜来自岩浆岩,叠加的成矿流体主要为岩浆流体.提出了冬瓜山矿床属喷流沉积-岩浆热液叠生成因的成矿模式:在晚石炭世,海底喷流成矿作用形成了块状硫化物矿床,矿石成分以硫、铁为主;燕山期岩浆热液一方面对块状硫化物矿床进行改造,致使其富集铜等成矿物质,另一方面与围岩相互作用形成矽卡岩型和斑岩型矿体.     

安徽铜陵冬瓜山热液叠加改造型铜矿床流体包裹体地球化学特征

研究了安徽冬瓜山热液叠加改造型铜矿床流体包裹体地球化学特征（包裹体均一温度、盐度、压力、成分、流体的H，O，C和Cu同位素），探讨了成矿流体的性质及其来源。认为该矿床是在岩浆水和后期少量大气水的加入而形成的混合热液共同作用下，活化碳酸盐岩地层和石英闪长岩中的铜等成矿元素，形成含矿热液，并以铜的氯络合物方式运移，在弱还原性条件下使原始沉积矿胚层加厚变富。     

铜陵冬瓜山层控矽卡岩型铜金矿床的成因机制:硫同位素制约

冬瓜山铜金矿床是铜陵矿集区乃至长江中下游成矿带中的一个重要矿床。矿床上部受石炭系层位控制,发育层状、似层状层控矽卡岩型矿体;下部受岩体及其接触带控制,在岩体及其接触带围岩中发育脉状、细脉浸染状矿体。上部层控矽卡岩型矿体中的矿石类型以含铜(金)石英硫化物为主,矿石硫化物矿物的硫同位素组成显示主要成矿阶段的硫同位素基本达到了平衡。矿石矿物中的硫化物和硫酸盐的硫同位素组成对比表明,冬瓜山矿床与斑岩型矿床相似,而与Sedex型和VHMS型矿床不同。结合矿床成矿物理化学条件和矿石矿物共生组合关系,根据硫同位素储库效应,认为冬瓜山矿床硫化物阶段成矿热液中的含硫物种以H2S为主(XH2S0.99),硫化物的结晶沉淀对成矿热液的δ34S值影响不大。应用大本模式,高温岩浆来源的热液与熔体之间的硫同位素分馏Δ34S为0‰～+5‰,依据岩浆岩全岩硫同位素组成可以确定岩浆来源热液的硫同位素组成为+0.3‰～+12.0‰。在高温(600～350℃)硅酸盐阶段和氧化物阶段,硬石膏与成矿热液之间的硫同位素分馏Δ34S为+5.0‰～+19.0‰,而在高温(450～350℃)氧化物阶段后期及低温(350～200℃)硫化物阶段,黄铁矿与成矿热液之间的硫同位素分馏Δ34S分别为-1.0‰～0‰和0‰～+1.5‰。据此计算的含硫矿物硫同位素组成理论值与冬瓜山矿床实测值基本一致,显示成矿热液流体中的硫源为岩浆来源。综合前人对区域及冬瓜山矿床的研究,本文认为冬瓜山矿床为与燕山期岩浆作用密切相关的层控矽卡岩型铜金矿床。岩浆及其平衡热液中较高的总硫同位素组成暗示岩浆混染了区域沉积地层中广泛发育的膏盐成分。虽然硫同位素组成特征显示区域沉积岩成岩过程中经历了明显的海水沉积作用和细菌硫酸盐还原作用,但冬瓜山矿床矿石没有保存海西期沉积成矿的硫同位素证据。     

安徽铜陵冬瓜山铜、金矿床两阶段成矿模式

冬瓜山铜金矿床包括层状硫化物矿体、矽卡岩型和斑岩型矿体。层状硫化物矿体具层状形态和层控特征，矿石具块状、层纹状和揉皱状构造。燕山期岩浆岩及其岩浆流体对层状矿体进行了叠加和改造，改变了其结构构造、矿物组合和矿石成分，并在其上叠加蚀变和矿化。层状矿体中的铜是由含铜流体交代块状硫化物矿石形成的。冬瓜山铜金矿床经历了两次成矿作用：第一成矿阶段．在石炭纪中期，海底喷流作用形成了块状硫化物矿床，矿石成分以硫、铁矿为主；第二成矿阶段。燕山期岩浆侵人，一方面岩浆热液与围岩相互作用发生矽卡岩化、硅化、钾长石化、石英绢云母化和青磐岩化，形成矽卡岩型和斑岩型矿体，另一方面岩浆流体对块状硫化物矿体进行叠加改造，致使块状硫化物矿体富集铜等成矿物质。     

赞比亚铜带省铜矿成因分析

中非(赞比亚―刚果(金))沉积型铜矿以其拥有高品位的大型超大型铜、钴矿床和众多的世界级铜矿山而闻名于世。铜矿类型可分为沉积型铜矿、热液脉型铜矿、变质热液型铜矿三类。沉积型铜矿床形成后,受到深部含矿岩浆热液的侵入形成脉状铜矿,可能还有斑岩型铜钼矿的成矿作用,叠加富集原有的沉积型铜矿床。硫同位素结果显示,硫源主要为成岩硫化物和海水硫酸盐的混合硫,受到深源岩浆或岩浆热液叠加改造。沉积型铜矿成矿年龄880~735Ma,后期岩浆热液型铜钼矿成矿年龄为514~502Ma。这些发现对进一步认识总结中非铜矿带上的矿床成因及成矿规律具有重要意义。     

大兴安岭中南段布敦化铜矿床H-O-S-Pb同位素特征及成矿指示

布敦化铜矿是大兴安岭中南段一个斑岩-热液脉型复合铜矿床,包括南部的金鸡岭斑岩型铜矿段和北部的孔雀山热液脉型铜矿段。本文在详细的矿床地质特征研究基础上,通过对矿体的氢、氧、硫和铅同位素系统研究,探讨了成矿流体和成矿物质来源以及成矿机制。氢、氧同位素组成表明,金鸡岭矿段与孔雀山矿段早期成矿流体主要以岩浆水为主,至成矿晚期有大气降水的参与。硫同位素分析结果表明金鸡岭矿段相对富集重硫,成矿热液的硫同位素组成为+2.54‰-+2.60‰。而孔雀山矿段相对富集轻硫,成矿热液的S同位素组成为-1.84‰--1.71‰,两矿段的硫同位素组成表明硫主要来源于地球深部,铅同位素组成则表明铅具壳幔混合的特点,其来源与岩浆活动密切相关。结合大兴安岭中南段区域地质演化历史认为,布敦化矿床两个矿段的成矿作用均是由流体混合而导致黄铜矿等金属硫化物的大量沉淀。     

安徽铜陵冬瓜山铜(金)矿床H-O-S-Pb同位素组成及其示踪成矿物质来源

冬瓜山铜(金)矿床中主矿体成层状,受石炭系层位控制,对于其物质来源尚存在较大分歧。为了查明冬瓜山铜(金)矿床成矿物质来源,本文对冬瓜山铜(金)矿床不同类型矿体的氢、氧、硫、铅同位素进行了系统地测定。并将冬瓜山铜(金)矿床与铜陵矿集区内典型矽卡岩型矿床的硫、铅同位素组成进行了对比研究。结果表明:冬瓜山铜(金)矿床不同类型矿体之间具有相同的物质成分来源,不同类型矿体的成矿流体主要来源于岩浆水,硫源均为岩浆硫,且与区域上典型矽卡岩型矿床的硫同位素组成一致,铅同位素特征表明,不同类型矿体铅的来源主要为与岩浆作用有关的幔源铅。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861