绞窄性肠梗阻MDCT表现

目的:探讨急诊中绞窄性肠梗阻的多排螺旋CT（MDCT）的影像表现。方法:分析经手术证实的29例绞窄性肠梗阻（SIO）患者的临床资料及MDCT资料,经多方位重建和多窗位的技术处理,对绞窄性肠梗阻患者CT的肠管影像改变（肠腔的扩张、积液、肠壁厚度、密度的改变）,肠系膜的CT影像改变（肠系膜的模糊积液、旋转、门静脉的变化）,腹腔内的CT影像改变（腹水、气腹）及增强CT影像改变（肠壁的强化改变,肠系膜血管是否栓塞）深入研究。结果:29例患者中共检出肠腔扩张、积液26例,肠壁密度变化、增厚18例,肠壁、门静脉内积气2例,肠系膜的模糊、积液19例,缆绳征11例,漩涡征9例,鸟嘴征5例,腹腔积液12例,肠系膜血管栓塞3例及肠壁不强化5例。结论:多排螺旋CT识别绞窄性肠梗阻的MDCT征象细节对提高绞窄性肠梗阻的诊断及其鉴别诊断有较好的应用价值。      

Temporal and life history related trends of perfluorochemicals in harbor porpoises from the Danish North Sea

Eighty-five stranded or bycaught harbor porpoises collected from the Danish North Sea between 1980 and 2005 were analyzed for perfluorochemicals in the liver. PFOS was the predominant compound, making up on average 88.9% of the ∑PFC, followed by PFOSA (7.8%). PFUnA (1.9%) and PFDA (1.2%) were detected in most samples. PFHxS, PFNA and PFOA were only found in a minority of the samples. We found substantial differences in PFC concentrations among life history stages, the highest concentrations were found in neonates, suckling juveniles and lactating females. Such differences should be considered when PFC levels in wildlife are evaluated. The high concentrations found in young porpoises are of concern as PFCs have known toxic effects on the development of the central nervous system and reproductive organs. Despite efforts to reduce PFC emissions, a decreasing temporal trend of concentrations was not detected for any compound. PFCA concentrations were found to be increasing.     

On the stationary electric field in the air surface layer

Summary The solution of the ionization balance equation is found in the surface air layer at horizontal homogeneity assuming an exponential law for the turbulent diffusion coefficient. Expressions describing the vertical distribution of the small ion concentration are found estimating on their basis the layer height by an electrode effect. A relation is found among the small ion concentration, the electric conductivity and the electric field in the surface layer.     

肺癌性淋巴管炎的HRCT表现与病理基础

目的:总结肺癌性淋巴管炎(PLC)的HRCT表现.资料与方法:回顾性分析本院2013年10月至2018年6月共29例经病理证实的PLC的HRCT表现,29例均行HRCT平扫和增强扫描.结果:29例PLC患者中,男性17例,女性12例,年龄30～79岁,平均年龄58岁.累及单侧肺16例(55％),且右肺发病率大于左肺,两...     

Plastic ingestion by petrels breeding in Antarctica

Plastic particles were found to be common pollutants in stomachs of Wilson's Storm Petrels and Cape Petrels breeding on the Antarctic continent. Highest incidence of plastics was found in chicks of Wilson's Storm Petrels that had died before fledging. Few or no plastics were found in Snow Petrels and Antarctic Petrels. Evidence suggests that most plastics originate from wintering areas outside the Antarctic, and that relatively few plastics are available in Antarctic waters. Possible hazards of plastic levels observed in Wilson's Storm Petrels are discussed.     

地球的化学成因

大量的地球化学资料充分地说明地球和隕星的化学成分属于同一类型.隕星中的隕石相和地壳上的超基性岩石的化学成分很相近似.二者之間的同位素比值,如He~3、C~(13)、S~(34)、Fe~(54)、Fe~(57)、F~(58)、K~(40)等都属于同一数量級.地球起源于隕星的假說有其一定的化学根据. 为了探索地球的成因,我們首先探索隕星的化学成因,第二步再探索地壳的化学成因. 本文采用热力学或物理化学的方法,这些方法在近代文献中多次被指出和試用.     

Plastic ingestion by Procellariiformes in Southern Brazil

The Procellariiformes are the birds most affected by plastic pollution. Plastic fragments and pellets were the most frequent items found in the digestive tract of eight species of Procellariiformes incidentally caught by longline fisheries as well as beached birds in Southern Brazil. Plastic objects were found in 62% of the petrels and 12% of the albatrosses. The Great shearwater, Manx shearwater, Cory's shearwater and Antarctic fulmar were found to have greater quantities and frequencies of occurrence of plastic. There was no significant difference in the number of plastics between the birds from longline fisheries and beached birds. No correlation was found between the number of prey and number of plastics in the digestive tract of the birds analyzed, but this does not discard the hypothesis that, in some cases, the presence of plastic in the digestive tract has a negative effect on the feeding efficiency of these birds.     

相对密实度对含黏粒砂土动剪切模量与阻尼比影响的试验研究

利用GCTS共振柱系统开展一系列含黏粒砂土的动力特性试验,研究相对密实度对含黏粒砂土动剪切模量和阻尼比的影响,并探讨其影响规律.试验结果表明:相对密实度对动剪切模量、动剪切模量比、阻尼比、最大动剪切模量均有影响.动剪切模量随着相对密实度的增加而变大,但动剪切模量增大的幅度更大;当黏粒含量较小时,动剪切模量比随相对密实度...     

膝关节痛风性关节炎的CT与MRI分析

目的：探讨膝关节痛风性关节炎的CT和MRI影像特征。方法：回顾分析经手术病理证实的21例膝关节痛风性关节炎的CT和MRI表现,其中12例CT,14例MRI。结果：所有病例均能发现痛风结节,CT显示45个,MRI显示48个,痛风结节位于肌腱和韧带共58个,滑膜或关节腔内15个,骨内11个,其他软组织9个。形态呈条块状31个,结节状31个,线状4个,不规则形27个。骨质破坏CT共发现21处,MRI发现24处,位于骨边缘共30处;MRI显示5处骨质破坏周围骨髓水肿。痛风结节在T1WI均呈低至中等信号;T2WI上39个呈混杂信号,6个呈高信号,3个呈低信号。在5例均行CT及MRI检查膝关节比较中：CT显示痛风结节21个,MRI显示痛风结节18个;CT和MRI在显示骨质破坏的部位均为12处,MRI显示骨髓水肿4处;MRI显示软骨异常共5处。结论：膝关节痛风性关节炎在影像上有一定的特征性,CT更容易发现痛风结节,而MRI更合适于评估软组织情况及炎性改变,综合分析两种影像资料有助于准确诊断痛风性关节炎。     

中强地震活动中汞的异常特征

在对几次6级以上强震震例资料的整理及不同构造应力场中汞的异常特征分析的基础上,讨论了中国大陆汞的前兆异常分布特征与区域构造特点之间的关系。表明在地震活动过程中,汞的空间异常分布特征不仅与震级、震中距有关,还与区域构造应力场及震源与测点之间的介质环境有关。处于不同应力场及介质环境中的汞量观测点,其震前异常特征有明显差异。华北地区汞异常波及的范围较近,持续时间也较短,西南地区汞异常波及的范围较远,西北地区不仅汞异常波及的范围远,而且异常持续的时间较长。     

A review of Arctic trace metal data with implications for biological effects

This paper reviews much of the existing data on trace metal distributions in the Arctic. Numerous papers giving sediment data are reviewed, including some not yet published, fewer papers were found giving data on organisms and still fewer were found containing dissolved trace metal data. None of the data examined suggests that trace metals might be affecting the health of Arctic organisms. Rather, the trace metal concentrations found in Arctic waters, sediments and organisms, with few exceptions, are similar to those found in temperate areas thought to be largely free of pollutant levels of metals. Nevertheless, the existing data base for the Arctic is much smaller and more geographically restricted than that for temperate and tropical regions and the sensitivity of Arctic organisms to pollutant metals is not well known. Monitoring programs carefully designed to detect any influence of human activity on trace metal distributions in the Arctic should be initiated now.     

Turbulent mixing in a rotating,stratified fluid

Abstract

An experimental study was carried out to investigate the effect of rotation on turbulent mixing in a stratified fluid when the turbulence in the mixed layer is generated by an oscillating grid. Two types of experiments were carried out: one of them is concerned with the deepening of the upper mixed layer in a stable, two-fluid system, and the other deals with the interaction between a stabilizing buoyancy flux and turbulence.

In the first type of experiments, it was found that rotation suppresses entrainment at larger Rossby numbers. As the Rossby number becomes smaller (Ro 0.1), the entrainment rate increases with rotation—the onset of this phenomenon, however, was found to coincide with the appearance of coherent vortices within the mixed layer. The radiation of energy from the mixed layer to the lower non-turbulent layer was found to occur and the magnitude of the energy flux was found to be increased with the rotational frequency. It was also observed that vortices are generated, rather abruptly, in the lower layer as the mixed layer deepens.

In the second set of experiments a quasi-steady mixed layer was found to develop of which the thickness varies with rotation in a fashion that is consistent with the result of the first experiment. Also the rotation was found to delay the formation of a pycnocline.     

Is marine debris ingestion still a problem for the coastal marine biota of southern Brazil?

The accumulation of synthetic debris in marine and coastal environments is a consequence of the intensive and continuous release of these highly persistent materials. This study investigates the current status of marine debris ingestion by sea turtles and seabirds found along the southern Brazilian coast. All green turtles (n = 34) and 40% of the seabirds (14 of 35) were found to have ingested debris. No correlation was found between the number of ingested items and turtle’s size or weight. Most items were found in the intestine. Plastic was the main ingested material. Twelve Procellariiformes (66%), two Sphenisciformes (22%), but none of the eight Charadriiformes were found to be contaminated. Procellariiformes ingested the majority of items. Plastic was also the main ingested material. The ingestion of debris by turtles is probably an increasing problem on southern Brazilian coast. Seabirds feeding by diverse methods are contaminated, highlighting plastic hazard to these biota.     

Spectral development of microseism storms at the Oulu seismograph station,Finland

Summary In this study spectral development of microseisms at Oulu is discussed by means of power spectra computed from the recordings of a long period vertical seismograph. North Atlantic storm microseisms are found to be distinguished at peak frequencies in band 90–130 mHz while the main peaks of Norwegian microseisms occur at frequencies higher than 130 mHz. In both of these cases a low frequency side maximum is found at nearly the same frequencies as the main maximum in corresponding sea wave spectra. Fast moving storms associate with rapid changes in microseism spectra. A shift of peaks towards higher frequencies is found in connection with storm approach.     

南京台地电阻率观测精度影响分析

对南京台地电阻率观测中发现的一些干扰和影响因素进行了分析,找出影响地电阻率观测精度的具体原因,并提出相应的解决办法。     

Narrow positive bipolar radiation from lightning observed in Sri Lanka

Narrow positive bipolar pulses (NPBPs), whose origin largely remains unknown as yet, have occasionally been noticed in Sri Lanka. These discharges are found to be opposite in polarity to that of negative return strokes, and are found to occur at the beginning and active stage of thunderstorm activities in Sri Lanka. They are emitted from the thunderstorms that produce other activities also and are relatively narrower, bipolar and isolated in nature. They are neither preceded by leader-type pulses nor succeeded by the subsequent activities and hence, could not be associated with any other known activity. Similar radiations have previously been identified and termed as NPBPs. Their features are indeed unique and different from the other known thunderstorm electrical processes. These events have been found to be accompanied by the HF radiations at 5 and 10 MHz, at the trailing part of the pulse. However, such narrow, bipolar and isolated events have not been observed in Sweden, during a lightning measurement campaign at Uppsala, in 2006. So, it is speculated that the meteorological conditions to be responsible for the thunderstorm activity to produce such pulses. Features of such pulses recorded on different thunderstorm days in 2005 and 2006 have been analyzed and presented in this study.The average rise time (10–90%) (Tr), of the pulses was found to be 2.6 μs, the average zero crossing time (Tz) was found to be 5.85 μs, the average duration of slow front (Ts) was found to be 1.86 μs, and the average ratio of amplitude of overshoot to the corresponding peak amplitude (Os/Pa) of these pulses was found to be 0.39.     

Trace elements in Acartia clausi from Elefsis bay of the Upper Saronikos Gulf,Greece

Twelve trace elements (antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, managenese, mercury, scandium, selenium and zinc) were determined by neutron activation analysis in a planktonic copepod (Acartia clausi) from Elefsis Bay of the Upper Saronikos Gulf, Greece. During the first cruise (January 1974) higher levels of most of these trace elements were found in this copepod collected from a polluted area of the bay. This trend however was not observed during the second cruise (February 1974) possibly due to the termination of the active vertical convection. Lower levels of cobalt, similar levels of iron and slightly increased levels of chromium were found in Elefsis Bay Acartia clausi from those reportedin Acartia clausi from the Bay of Roquebrune. Slightly increased concentrations of antimony and zinc as well as lower concentrations of arsenic and cadmium were found in Acartia clausi than those reported in other Copepoda. No significant differences were found for copper, manganese and mercury. More data are needed to confirm if higher levels of antimony, chromium and zinc found in Acartia clausi are due to the pollution of the bay.     

Mercury in water,organisms and sediments from a section of the Turkish Mediterranean coast

Samples of water, marine organisms and sediment collected along the Turkish Mediterranean coast in the vicinity of Mersin were analysed for total mercury. The levels of mercury found in the samples from this area are generally low in comparison with the levels found in other regions of the Mediterranean.     

An investigation into the source of magnetic minerals in some Finnish lake sediments

The source of magnetic minerals in the sediments of five Finnish lakes, which carry a palaeomagnetic record of the geomagnetic field, was found to be primary magnetite in the glacial drift of the catchments. The magnetite is concentrated in the central lake sediments. The ratio of haematite to magnetite was found to decrease in the progression drift-stream bedload-lake sediment. A consistent, temporal decrease of magnetic mineral concentration was found in all the lake sediments studied and is related to maturation of the soils and vegetation surrounding the lakes. This distinctive trend contrasts with that seen in Britain and is discussed in terms of man's influence on landscape development.     

Spreading of Stratified Currents in Lowland Reservoirs

The results of comprehensive hydrophysical studies of gradient and density-induced gravitational currents with thermal stratification in valley reservoirs are considered. The lengthwise and vertical development of currents as well as their evolution is considered. Local swells are detected in the near-bed nepheloid layer and clouds of suspended materials are found to be ejected from the density-induced current near abrupt changes in the bed relief. The near-bed density-induced current is found to strongly interact with the drift current in the presence of inner wave and variable-direction wind. The measured vertical profiles of velocity in the sections along the axis of the current and the longitudinal distributions of the average flow velocity and suspended material concentration are found to agree with model calculations.