青藏高原高寒草地地上生物量对气候变化的响应（英文）

Aboveground biomass in grasslands of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has displayed an overall increasing trend during 2003–2016, which is profoundly influenced by climate change. However, the responses of different biomes show large discrepancies, in both size and magnitude. By applying partial least squares regression, we calculated the correlation between peak aboveground biomass and mean monthly temperature and monthly total precipitation in the preceding 12 months for three different grassland types(alpine steppe, alpine meadow, and temperate steppe) on the central and eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The results showed that mean temperature in most preceding months was positively correlated with peak aboveground biomass of alpine meadow and alpine steppe, while mean temperature in the preceding October and February to June was significantly negatively correlated with peak aboveground biomass of temperate steppe. Precipitation in all months had a promoting effect on biomass of alpine meadow, but its correlations with biomass of alpine steppe and temperate steppe were inconsistent. It is worth noting that, in a warmer, wetter climate, peak aboveground biomass of alpine meadow would increase more than that of alpine steppe, while that of temperate steppe would decrease significantly, providing support for the hypothesis of conservative growth strategies by vegetation in stressed ecosystems.     

利用MODIS潜在蒸散数据模拟青藏高原饱和水汽压亏缺（英文）

饱和水汽压亏缺是一个非常重要的模拟水循环和植被生产力的参数。青藏高原上的气象站比较稀少,这限制了饱和水汽压亏缺的精确估计。中分辨率成像光谱仪提供了蒸散数据,这为模拟饱和水汽压亏缺提供了可能。尽管如此,在青藏高原上,还没有研究利用中分辨率成像光谱仪的蒸散数据模拟饱和水汽压亏缺。因此,本研究利用中分辨率成像光谱仪的潜在蒸散数据模拟了高寒草甸、高寒草原、农田、森林和灌木2000-2012年四季的饱和水汽压亏缺。春季的均方根误差和平均绝对误差分别是0.95–2.34 hPa和0.72–1.54 hPa,夏季的的均方根误差和平均绝对误差分别是1.39–2.60 hPa和0.89–1.96 hPa,秋季的均方根误差和平均绝对误差分别是0.78–1.93 hPa和0.56–1.36 hPa,冬季的均方根误差和平均绝对误差分别是0.48–1.40 hPa和0.36–0.98 hPa。高寒草原的均方根误差和平均绝对误差分别是0.48–1.39 hPa和0.36–1.00 hPa,高寒草甸的均方根误差和平均绝对误差分别是0.58–1.39 hPa和0.44–0.90 hPa,农田的均方根误差和平均绝对误差分别是1.10–2.55 hPa和0.82–1.74 hPa,灌木的均方根误差和平均绝对误差分别是0.98–1.90 hPa和0.78–1.37 hPa,森林的分别是1.40–2.60 hPa和0.98–1.96 hPa。因此,中分辨率成像光谱仪的潜在蒸散数据可以用来模拟青藏高原的饱和水汽压亏缺,且需要考虑整合植被类型和季节。     

青藏高原草地地上生物量和理论载畜量

准确模拟和预测草地地上生物量(Aboveground biomass,AGB)和理论载畜量对于维持草地生态系统平衡、优化放牧管理至关重要。当前很多研究以围栏外草地AGB为基础,估算了青藏高原草地AGB的现存量。但是,牛羊啃食后的草地AGB现存量无法准确评估草地理论载畜量。围栏内草地不受家畜采食影响,其年际变率由环境因子驱动,可视为草地潜在AGB (potential AGB,AGB_p),更适用于草地理论载畜量的评估。本研究以青藏高原345个围栏内AGB观测数据为基础,结合气候、土壤和地形数据,利用随机森林算法构建草地潜在地上生物量估算模型,并对当前气候条件(2000-2018年)和未来20年(2021-2040年)4种气候变化情景(SSP1-2.6、SSP2-4.5、SSP3-7.0和SSP5-8.5)下的草地AGB_p和高寒草地理论载畜量进行模拟与预测。结果表明:(1)随机森林算法可准确模拟当前气候条件下的青藏高寒草地AGB_p(R²=0.76,P<0.001);2000-2018年青藏高寒草地AGB_p平均值为102.4 g m^-2,时间上增加趋势不明显(P>0.05);AGB_p年际波动和生长季降水显著正相关(R²=0.57,P<0.001),和生长季温度日较差显著负相关(R²=0.51,P<0.001)。(2)当前气候条件下,青藏高寒草地平均理论载畜量为0.94 SSU ha^-1(standardized sheep unit ha^-1);在过去20年约有54.1%草地理论载畜量呈提升状态。(3)和当前相比,未来20年青藏高原中部和北部草地AGB_p和理论载畜量呈下降态势。因此,建议未来在厘清气候变化影响下草畜关系的基础上进行有针对性的草牧业规划和管理,以缓解区域气候变化引起的草畜矛盾。     

MODIS NDVI和MODIS EVI对气候的响应差异（英文）

旨在为正确认识气候-植被的相互关系提供科学的理论指导。基于MOD13Q1的植被指数(NDVI和EVI)及气象站数据(极端最低温度、极端最高温度、平均最高温度、平均最低温度、平均温度;平均蒸气压、最低相对湿度、平均相对湿度、最大每日降水量、降水量;极端风速,最大风速,平均风速,日照时数,平均站气压),对阿拉善左旗两种典型植被指数对气候因子的响应差异展开全面研究。结果表明:MOD13Q1 NDVI和MOD13Q1 EVI对气候响应存在显著差异。同一气象站中,NDVI和EVI与气候因子的相关系数显著不同。同时,NDVI和EVI与气候因子的相关系数随着气象站的不同而存在显著差异。此外,NDVI对平均最低气温、平均气温、平均蒸汽压、最低相对湿度、极端风速、最大风速、平均风速及平均本站气压存在时滞效应;而EVI仅对平均最低气温、平均蒸汽压、极端风速、最大风速及平均本站气压存在时滞效应。时滞期多数集中在3月份。因此,不同的植被类型对气候的敏感度不同,且利用气象站数据进行与植被的相关研究时首先应关注气象站与植被的相关性,方可进行下一步的深入研究。     

土地利用和气候变化对森林生态系统地上生物量的影响模拟——以江西省泰和县为例（英文）

Global and regional environmental changes such as land use and climate change have significantly integrated and interactive effects on forest. These integrated effects will undoubtedly alter the distribution, function and succession processes of forest ecosystems. In order to adapt to these changes, it is necessary to understand their individual and integrated effects. In this study, we proposed a framework by using coupling models to gain a better understanding of the complex ecological processes. We combined an agent-based model for land use and land cover change(ABM/LUCC), an ecosystem process model(PnET-Ⅱ), and a forest dynamic landscape model(LANDIS-Ⅱ) to simulate the change of forest aboveground biomass(AGB) which was driven by land use and climate change factors for the period of 2010–2050 in Taihe County of southern China, where subtropical coniferous plantations dominate. We conducted a series of land use and climate change scenarios to compare the differences in forest AGB. The results show that:(1) land use, including town expansion, deforestation and forest conversion and climate change are likely to influence forest AGB in the near future in Taihe County.(2) Though climate change will make a good contribution to an increase in forest AGB, land use change can result in a rapid decrease in the forest AGB and play a vital role in the integrated simulation. The forest AGB under the integrated scenario decreased by 53.7%(RCP2.6 + land use), 57.2%(RCP4.5 + land use), and 56.9%(RCP8.5 + land use) by 2050, which is in comparison to the results under separate RCPs without land use disturbance.(3) The framework can offer a coupled method to better understand the complex and interactive ecological processes, which may provide some supports for adapting to land use and climate change, improving and optimizing plantation structure and function,and developing measures for sustainable forest management.     

基于MODIS数据的2000-2005年东北亚草地NPP模拟(英文)

The net primary production(NPP)of grasslands in northeastern Asia was estimated using improved CASA model with MODIS data distributed from 2000 and ground data as driving variables from 2000 to 2005.Average annual NPP was 146.05 g C m-2yr -1and average annual total NPP was 0.32 Pg C yr-1in all grasslands during the period.It was shown that average annual grassland NPP in the whole northeastern Asia changed dramatically from 2000 to 2005,with the highest value of 174.80 g C m-2yr-1in 2005 and the lowest valu...     

利用遥感技术建立墨西哥热带地上生物量模型(英文)

Spatially-explicit estimation of aboveground biomass(AGB) plays an important role to generate action policies focused in climate change mitigation,since carbon(C) retained in the biomass is vital for regulating Earth’s temperature.This work estimates AGB using both chlorophyll(red,near infrared) and moisture(middle infrared) based normalized vegetation indices constructed with MCD43A4 MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) and MOD44B vegetation continuous fields(VCF) data.The study area is located in San Luis Potosí,Mexico,a region that comprises a part of the upper limit of the intertropical zone.AGB estimations were made using both individual tree data from the National Forest Inventory of Mexico and allometric equations reported in scientific literature.Linear and nonlinear(expo-nential) models were fitted to find their predictive potential when using satellite spectral data as explanatory variables.Highly-significant correlations(p = 0.01) were found between all the explaining variables tested.NDVI62,linked to chlorophyll content and moisture stress,showed the highest correlation.The best model(nonlinear) showed an index of fit(Pseudo-r2) equal to 0.77 and a root mean square error equal to 26.00 Mg/ha using NDVI62 and VCF as explanatory variables.Validation correlation coefficients were similar for both models:lin-ear(r = 0.87**) and nonlinear(r = 0.86**).     

2001–2018年青藏高原三江源地区高寒草地的波文比（英文）

波文比用以描述从地球表面到空气中以潜热或感热发生的热传递过程,其由于土地利用和覆盖变化的生物物理效应而成为研究热点。波文比对评估生态系统气候调节功能具有一定的作用,但在大多数生态评估中常常被忽略。本文以位于气候敏感区和脆弱区的青藏高原腹地的三江源地区为研究区域,基于MODIS蒸散产品以及2001–2018年MODIS反照率计算出的陆地表面净辐射估算出波文比,并利用通量观测数据对MODIS蒸散产品进行了验证。通过多元线性回归和结构方程模型(SEM)两种方法分别分析了波文比的时空变化和影响因素。结果表明:1)MOD16蒸散数据与海北和当雄两个高寒草甸的涡度通量观测数据显著相关,相关系数分别为0.78和0.70,显著水平P值均小于0.01;2)2001–2018年期间三江源地区草地的多年平均波文比是2.52±0.77,呈从东南向西北逐渐递增的空间格局;研究时段内波文比整体呈下降趋势(Slope=–0.025, R~2=0.21, P=0.056);3)以年总降水量、年平均气温、年平均相对湿度、年平均NDVI及年均反照率为自变量的多元线性回归方程,可解释三江源全区平均波文比年际变化的51%,根据标准化回归系数,气温的影响最大,这表明气候变暖对净辐射分配为感热和潜热的比例有很大的影响;4)此外,植被变化的贡献通过结构方程模型进行定量分析,结果表明NDVI的增加将导致反照率的下降,路径系数为–0.57,反照率对波文比影响为正,路径系数为0.43,这是由于气候变化引起的NDVI变化的负面和间接影响。明显的湿润气候可以增加蒸散,以全球气候变暖为主并叠加降水增加的气候变化,将促进植被生长,地表反照率降低,会使地表净辐射增加;但同时气候变暖主导并直接促进了地表蒸散增加,导致了波文比降低,表明波文比能够综合反映区域气候和植被变化的生物地球物理效应,可在今后生态系统评估中作为气候调节功能指标之一。     

基于MODIS数据的南极半岛北部冰架表面流速估算（英文）

The ice shelves in the northern Antarctic Peninsula are highly sensitive to variations of temperature and have therefore served as indicators of global warming. In this study,we estimate the velocities of the ice shelves in the northern Antarctic Peninsula using co-registration of optically sensed images and correlation module(COSI-Corr) in the Environment for Visualizing Images(ENVI) based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) images during 2000–2012,from which we conclude that the ice flow directions generally match the peninsulas pattern and the crevasse,ice flows mainly eastward into the Weddell Sea. The spatial pattern of velocity field exhibits an increasing trend from the western grounding line to the maximum at the middle part of the ice shelf front on Larsen C with a velocity of approximately 700 ma–1,and the velocity field shows relatively higher values in its southerly neighboring ice shelf(e.g. Smith Inlet). Additionally,ice flows are relatively quicker in the outer part of the ice shelf than in the inner parts. Temporal changes in surface velocities show a continuous increase from 2000 to 2012. It is worth noting that,the acceleration rate during 2000–2009 is relatively higher than that during 2009–2012,while the ice movement on the southern Larsen C and Smith Inlet shows a deceleration from 2009 to 2012.     

青藏高原维管植物物种丰富度分布的情景模拟（英文）

For quantitatively explaining the correlations between the vascular plant species abundance(VPSA) and habitat factors, a spatial simulation method has been developed to simulate the distribution of VPSA on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In this paper, the vascular plant type, land cover, mean annual biotemperature, average total annual precipitation, topographic relief, patch connectivity and ecological diversity index were selected to screen the best correlation equation between the VPSA and habitat factors on the basis of 37 national nature reserves on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The research results show that the coefficient of determination between VPSA and habitat factors is 0.94, and the mean error is 2.21 types per km~2. The distribution of VPSA gradually decreases from southeast to northwest, and reduces with increasing altitude except the desert area of Qaidam Basin. Furthermore, the scenarios of VPSA on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the periods from 1981 to 2010(T0),from 2011 to 2040(T2), from 2041 to 2070(T3) and from 2071 to 2100(T4) were simulated by combining the land cover change and the climatic scenarios of CMIP5 RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The simulated results show that the VPSA would generally decrease on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from T0 to T4. The VPSA has the largest change ratio under RCP8.5 scenario, and the smallest change ratio under RCP2.6 scenario. In general, the dynamic change of habitat factors would directly affect the spatial distribution of VPSA on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the future.     

青藏高原高寒草地总初级生产力变化的驱动机制及其对草地分类管理的启示（英文）

气候变化和人类活动对植被生产力的相对贡献尚未有足够的认识。本研究基于过程模型模拟了2000–2015年气候因子主导的青藏高原高寒草地的总初级生产力(GPPp),并将MODIS的总初级生产力作为人类活动和气候变化共同作用下的总初级生产力(GPPa)。人类活动消耗的总初级生产力(GPPh)等于GPPp减去GPPa。约75.63%和24.37%面积的GPPa分别表现为增加和减少趋势。气候变化和人类活动分别主导了约42.90%和32.72%面积的GPPa的增加。相反,气候变化和人类活动分别主导了约16.88%和7.49%面积的GPPa的减少。草甸的GPPp和GPPh的变化趋势的绝对值分别大于草原的GPPp和GPPh的变化趋势的绝对值。所有海拔的GPPp的变化都大于GPPh的变化,当海拔≥5000m(草甸)、4600m(草原)或4800m(草甸+草原)时,GPPp和GPPh都表现为降低趋势,这表明气候变化主导着海拔5000 m(草甸)、4600 m(草原)、4800 m(草甸+草原)以下的GPPa,而人类活动的减少主导着海拔5000 m(草甸),4600 m(草原)、4800 m(草甸+草原)及其以上海拔的GPPa。因此,GPPa变化的原因随着海拔、区域和草地类型的变化而变化,草地应该采用分类管理。     

1960–2012年青藏高原极端气候时空动态与变异研究（英文）

极端气候事件是全球长期气候变化研究中的重要内容。作为世界第三极,青藏高原对气候变化和变异的响应非常敏感。本文基于青藏高原98个气象站(大部分位于海拔4000 m以上)的日值观测数据,包括日气温最大值、最小值和日降水量,计算了1960–2012年间的极端气候指数并分析了其时空变化格局。首先,根据国际气象组织的标准计算了15个核心气温极端指数和8个核心降水极端指数,然后从高原整体、生态区和台站尺度分析了极端指数的时空变化趋势。气温极端指数表明青藏高原整体表现为显著升温趋势,高原的冷日和冷夜时间序列呈下降趋势,每10年分别减少8.9天和17.3天。相应的暖日和暧夜增长趋势分别为7.6 d (10 yr)-1和12.5 d (10 yr)-1。生长季长度以5.3 d (10 yr)-1的速率增加。在站点尺度,大部分台站的气温极端指数存在显著趋势,但是空间分异性显著。生态区的气温极端指数与高原整体的发展趋势一致。高原整体的降水极端指数波动性较大,增长趋势微弱。年总降水增长趋势为2.8mm(10yr)-1。时序变化点分析表明极端气候指数的突变主要发生在1980和1990年代。赫斯特指数表明未来各种极端气候指数都将保持研究时间段内的发展趋势。另外,探索了极端气候指数与海拔高度的关系,发现各指数的变化趋势与高程并无显著相关性。总体上高原升温呈现显著的不对称特征,即气温冷指数的上升幅度明显大于暖指数的上升幅度,日最低气温的增长趋势也很显著。大多数降水极端指数表现为微弱的增加趋势(不显著)。本研究综合分析了青藏高原极端气候的时空分布格局,可以为高原气候变化研究提供参考。     

青藏高原洪涝灾害的临界雨量估算（英文）

中国第二次青藏高原综合科学考察的成果指出,青藏高原水体的固液结构正在失衡,越来越多的冰川、积雪等固态水向液态水转化,这使得青藏高原洪涝灾害的风险加剧。本文以青藏高原地区历史洪涝灾害记录资料为依据,分析青藏高原地区洪涝灾害的时空分布特征,并结合区域内气象站点的降水数据,采用临界雨量法估算青藏高原各流域的洪涝灾害临界雨量,最终得出以下结论:(1)青藏高原绝大多数的洪涝灾害事件均由降水引发,平均每年发生洪涝灾害超过30次,并且洪涝灾害的年发生频次呈上升趋势;(2)青藏高原的洪涝灾害的高发区主要在河湟谷地以及横断山区,次高发区位于藏南河谷区以及河湟谷地的外围区;(3)青藏高原洪涝灾害的临界雨量值在高原的南部最高,其次是高原的东部和东南部,高原中西部及北部最低。     

青藏高原高山嵩草(Kobresia pygmaea)空间分布模拟（英文）

高山嵩草(Kobresia pygmaea Willd.)是青藏高原高寒草地生态系统的建群种。对该物种的分布及其生态环境的认识,可以加深人们对高山生态系统及关键物种的认识,为高寒地区物种和生态系统保育提供数据支持,并且为物种的起源和演化研究提供理论依据。为了避免单一方法带来的不确定性,本研究采用了四种生态位模型来模拟高山嵩草在青藏高原的分布,即面域包络模型(SRE)、广义线性模型(GLM)、广义推进树模型(GBM)和最大熵模型(MAXENT)。为了最大限度提升样本的可靠性,本研究模拟基于对野外采集的存在样本的DNA测序鉴定。物种分布模型的结果表明高山嵩草在藏北高原和青藏高原东部和南部高山草甸中都存在大片的分布区,具有典型的地带分布特征。模型评价结果表明广义线性模型、广义推进树模型和最大熵模型都具有较高的精度,而面域包络模型的分值相对较低。本研究采用的四种模型呈现出四种不同的潜在分布格局,其二元分布图计算得到的分布面积介于374340和482605平方公里之间(平均值为421591平方公里)。研究还发现,生长季降水是决定高山嵩草分布的主导因子,这与青藏高原高寒草甸生态系统的水热条件相符。本研究表明物种分布模型可以为青藏高原物种格局模拟提供简洁可靠的技术方法。     

基于NPP数据和样区对比法的青藏高原自然保护区保护成效分析（英文）

Twenty-one typical coupled large samples were chosen from areas within and surrounding nature reserves on the Tibetan Plateau using the large sample comparison method(LSCM).To evaluate the effectiveness of the nature reserves in protecting the ecological environment,the alpine grassland net primary production(NPP) of these coupled samples were compared and the differences between them before and after their establishment as protected areas were analyzed.The results showed that:(1) With respect to the alpine grassland NPP,the ecological and environmental conditions of most nature reserves were more fragile than those of the surrounding areas and also lower than the average values for the Tibetan Plateau.(2) Of the 11 typical nature reserves selected,the positive trend in the NPP for Manzetang was the most significant,whereas there was no obvious trend in Taxkorgan.With the exception of Selincuo,the annual NPP growth rate in the nature reserves covered by alpine meadow and wetland was higher than that in nature reserves consisting of alpine steppe and alpine desert.(3) There were notable findings in 21 typical coupled samples:(a) After the establishment of the nature reserves,the annual rate of increase in the NPP in 76% of samples inside nature reserves and 82% of samples inside national nature reserves was higher than that of the corresponding samples outside nature reserves.(b) The effectiveness of ecological protection of the Mid-Kunlun,Changshagongma,Zoige and Selincuo(Selin Co) nature reserves was significant; the effectiveness of protection was relatively sig-nificant in most parts of the Sanjiangyuan and Qiangtang nature reserves,whereas in south-east Manzetang and north Taxkorgan the protection effectiveness was not obvious.(c) The ecological protection effectiveness was significant in nature reserves consisting of alpine meadow,but was weak in nature reserves covered by alpine steppe.This study also shows that the advantage of large sample comparison method in evaluating regional ecology change.Careful design of the samples used,to ensure comparability between the samples,is crucial to the success of this LSCM.     

基于植被盖度和高度的不同退化程度高寒草地地上生物量估算

由于气候变化和不合理的人类活动,20世纪80年代以来青藏高原高寒草地发生严重退化。地上生物量是评价草地退化的直观指标。通常采用植被盖度和高度来估算草地地上生物量,但草地退化后,植被盖度和高度与地上生物量之间的关系是否会发生变化目前还不清楚,这影响着退化草地生物量估算的精度。通过多元回归分析研究了青藏高原中部和东北部高寒草甸、高寒草原在不同退化程度下植被盖度和高度与地上生物量的关系。结果表明：（1）高寒草甸与高寒草原地上生物量整体上及不同退化阶段都没有显著差异（P>0.05）。（2）随着退化程度的加剧植被盖度和高度对地上生物量的影响也发生改变,体现在未退化阶段地上生物量主要受植被高度影响,退化后主要受植被盖度影响。（3）无论是高寒草甸还是高寒草原分退化程度的回归模型估算结果都较不分退化程度模型估算的生物量更接近实测值。我们建议在退化高寒草地研究中采用盖度和高度估算生物量时,根据退化阶段采用不同的估算模型。     

中国干旱半干旱地区草地植被碳存量动态变化及其对气候和地形的响应（英文）

草地生态系统在干旱、半干旱地区的生态稳定和陆地生态系统碳循环中扮演着重要的作用。但是,有关干旱、半干旱地区草地植被碳存量动态变化及其对气候和地形因素的响应研究却很少。本研究利用2001–2012年的气象数据、NDVI(normalized difference vegetation index)数据及改进型CASA(Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach)模型模拟估算草地植被碳存量时空动态变化及其对气候和地形因素的响应。研究结果表明:(1)甘肃省草地植被碳存量为4.4×1014 gC,年增长率为9.8×1011 gC(P0.05),草地植被碳密度为136.5 gC m~(–2)。(2)草地植被碳密度和碳存量表现出较强的时空变化特征,基本与温度、降水量和太阳辐射的时空变化保持一致,且在高程2500–3500 m、坡度30°和坡向朝东的时候达到最大值。(3)气象要素(温度、降水量和太阳辐射)对5种草地类型(沙漠和盐碱草地、典型草原、高寒草地、灌草丛和林下草地)植被碳密度的影响主要取决于在空间尺度上草地植被所能获取的水分和热量。研究结果不仅能够为合理解释草地植被碳存量动态变化的时空异质性提供新的证据,同时也能为我国干旱、半干旱地区草地农业管理提供理论和实践基础。     

降水量对荒漠草原骆驼蓬（Peganum harmala）地上生物量的影响

了解降水变化对荒漠草原植物生长发育的影响对于预测荒漠草原植物对气候变化的响应和适应具有重要意义。本文研究了3年的降水量增减（±50%）对乌拉特荒漠草原优势植物骆驼蓬（Peganum harmala）的数量特征（分枝数、果实数和植株密度）、地上生物量（AGB）和功能性状的影响。利用相关分析研究各指标与AGB的相关性,并建立结构方程模型（SEM）来探究降水变化、骆驼蓬的数量特征及功能性状对AGB的影响机制。结果表明：（1）增加50%降水量处理下,骆驼蓬的分枝数、果实数和株高显著提高（P<0.05）;减少50%降水量下,AGB、比叶面积（SLA）和株高显著降低（P<0.05）,但叶干物质含量（LDMC）显著增加（P<0.05）。（2）生长季前期降水量（EGSP）增多有利于对骆驼蓬分枝和果实的发育,也缓解了年降水量减半对其SLA、LDMC和株高的胁迫。（3）骆驼蓬AGB与分枝数、果实数、植株密度和株高显著正相关（P<0.05）,与LDMC和叶片碳含量显著负相关（P<0.05）。（4）SEM表明,增加的年降水量通过增加株高、果实数和植株密度来间接增加AGB,EGSP...     

模拟增温对青藏高原高寒草甸群落碳氮计量学的影响（英文）

低温是影响青藏高原生态系统的重要限制因子。本研究基于青藏高原三个海拔(4300 m、4500 m、4700 m)上的模拟增温实验平台(开顶式增温箱,open top chambers,OTC),观测了2011年8–9月和2012年8月的高寒草甸生态系统的群落地上和地下碳氮计量学特征。结果表明:模拟增温显著增加了21.4%的2011年9月4500 m的群落地上氮含量,显著降低了3.9%的2012年8月4300 m的群落地上碳含量,而对其他情况下的群落碳氮计量学特征无显著影响;模拟增温显著增加了5.5%的2011年8月4500 m的群落地下碳含量,显著增加了28.0%的2011年9月4300 m的群落地下碳氮比,显著降低了15.7%的2011年9月4700 m的群落地下氮含量,显著降低了34.3%的2012年8月4700 m的群落地下碳含量,显著降低了37.9%的2012年8月4700m的群落地下碳氮比,而对其他情况下的群落碳氮计量学特征无显著影响。因此,模拟增温对不同海拔高度和不同月份的群落碳氮计量学的影响不一致,土壤铵态氮与硝态氮含量是影响植物群落碳氮计量学的主要因子。