Process of source dynamics of the Jingtai earthquake (M=6.2)

In this paper, the process of source dynamics of the Jingtai earthquake (M=6.2) is studied on the basis of both earth resistivity changes before the event and the spatial directivity of single-observatory magnitude measurements of the seismic network of China. The following conclusions are obtained: the NW-SE directional tension stress (or the one about in the direction) inside the source region was enhanced during the short period from three to five months before the event, and done still further about in twenty odd days before the event, so that it finally leads the fault in about the EW strike to produce dislocation in NWW-SEE direction. Finally, this dislocation pattern caused the strong ground vibration to be received at the seismic observatories which were located in the NWW and SEE directions of the epicenter, while the weak vibration to be received at the ones in NE and south directions of the epicenter. At last, understandings on the imminent earthquake prediction through earth resistivity method are set forth.     

Process of source dynamics of the Jingtai earthquake ( M =6.2)

In this paper, the process of source dynamics of the Jingtai earthquake (M=6.2) is studied on the basis of both earth resistivity changes before the event and the spatial directivity of single-observatory magnitude measurements of the seismic network of China. The following conclusions are obtained: the NW-SE directional tension stress (or the one about in the direction) inside the source region was enhanced during the short period from three to five months before the event, and done still further about in twenty odd days before the event, so that it finally leads the fault in about the EW strike to produce dislocation in NWW-SEE direction. Finally, this dislocation pattern caused the strong ground vibration to be received at the seismic observatories which were located in the NWW and SEE directions of the epicenter, while the weak vibration to be received at the ones in NE and south directions of the epicenter. At last, understandings on the imminent earthquake prediction through earth resistivity method are set forth. This subject is supported by the Science Foundation of Gansu Province and the Youth Foundation of the Earthquake Research Institute of Lanzhou, SSB.     

以颗粒物理原理认识汶川M_W 7.9地震发生前临震预滑和震颤现象

发生在孕震区周边地块上的临震预滑和震颤现象,对破坏性地震预测有一定前兆意义,是值得地震学界关注的问题。选取2008年5月12日汶川M_W 7.9地震发生前,临夏和湟源地震台分量应变仪记录与临夏、恩施和西安地震台数字地震仪记录以及临夏和周至地震台深井水位仪记录,分析发现,在临震前数天至数小时,上述各地震台不同学科观测仪器均记录到一些"跃变"和"震颤"震相。文中试图以颗粒物理原理,来认识不同距离、不同台站、不同学科的观测仪器在临震前相近时间段内记录的低频和高频震相,可能是不同地块在临震前发生预滑错动后激发的预滑震相Xp和地下气体在裂隙内流动激发的震颤震相Tp。观测结果表明:2008年5月8日03时至主震发生,各地震台所处地块在相近时段内逐次发生次数不等的预滑错动,其中1—2次较大错动可在噪声背景中被识别;各地震台预滑错动方向指向或背向主震震中。据此认为:汶川M_W7.9地震前,上述各地震台所处地块在不同大小、不同方向的力链驱动下,发生指向或背向主震震中的临震预滑现象。     

以颗粒物理原理认识汶川MW 7.9地震发生前临震预滑和震颤现象

发生在孕震区周边地块上的临震预滑和震颤现象,对破坏性地震预测有一定前兆意义,是值得地震学界关注的问题。选取2008年5月12日汶川M_W 7.9地震发生前,临夏和湟源地震台分量应变仪记录与临夏、恩施和西安地震台数字地震仪记录以及临夏和周至地震台深井水位仪记录,分析发现,在临震前数天至数小时,上述各地震台不同学科观测仪器均记录到一些"跃变"和"震颤"震相。文中试图以颗粒物理原理,来认识不同距离、不同台站、不同学科的观测仪器在临震前相近时间段内记录的低频和高频震相,可能是不同地块在临震前发生预滑错动后激发的预滑震相Xp和地下气体在裂隙内流动激发的震颤震相Tp。观测结果表明：2008年5月8日03时至主震发生,各地震台所处地块在相近时段内逐次发生次数不等的预滑错动,其中1-2次较大错动可在噪声背景中被识别;各地震台预滑错动方向指向或背向主震震中。据此认为：汶川M_W 7.9地震前,上述各地震台所处地块在不同大小、不同方向的力链驱动下,发生指向或背向主震震中的临震预滑现象。     

1992年1月23日黄海Ms5.3级地震前青岛地电阻率的短临异常变化

１９９２年１月２３日黄海发生了Ｍｓ５．３级地震,震中离青岛市１１８ｋｍ。青岛市地阻率有三个分向,东西向、南北向和垂直向。用多元回归分析消除地下水位、温度、气压和降雨对地电阻率的影响后,在这次地震前,三个分向都有明显变化,１９９２年１月１１日三个分向同步下降。其中南北向和东西向自１９９１年１２初开始,波动幅度较以前变大,并同时在１９９２年１月１１日到１９日形成一个下降的凹兜,所不同的是东西向下降的幅     

汶川8.0级地震前的地电阻率异常分析

利用四川及邻近地区的地电阻率观测,分析了汶川8.0级地震前的地电阻率异常现象.结果表明,这次汶川8.0级地震前,距离震中最近的郫县观测台地电阻率在单测向下降幅度达到7.2%,下降持续时间在2年左右,震前5个月异常转折,地震发生在地电阻率恢复上升阶段.另外,沿南北地震带多个台站在地震前2个月内出现阶变,变化幅度最大超过10%.地电阻率异常的方向性及台站空间分布特征反映了异常信息与构造走向及地震孕育机制之间的密切关系.     

唐山地震前兆场的分布特征

本文对唐山地震昌黎等七个台的地电阻率日均值时间序列进行了关联维计算．取每年为一个时间段，其目的在于探索分数维对地震各个阶段的反应，以便达到利用分数维进行地震预报的目的。计算结果表明大部分地电台的地电阻率在地震前有明显的降维特征。通过地震前后七个台的地电阻率分数维的变化，得到了地震前后前兆场的分布特征，这一结果对于未来震源区的判定有重要意义。     

2020年龙泉山断裂带MS5.1地震成因综合分析

2020年2月3日四川省成都市青白江区发生M_S5.1地震,震中烈度为Ⅵ度。该地震事件震中位于龙泉山断裂带上,距离成都市中心38 km,是龙泉山断裂带历史上非常罕见的5.0级以上地震事件。针对该事件成因进行了综合分析与研究,具体内容包括:(1)通过收集历史地震资料讨论龙泉山断裂带的地震活动性;(2)利用高质量的波形数据对主震位置进行重定位;(3)根据地震层析成像获得的三维vP、vS以及泊松比(σ)模型分析了孕震构造和流体影响,以及(4)利用固体潮理论模型分析了固体潮与地震触发的相关性。结果表明,本次M_S5.1地震发生在龙泉山断裂带北段,震中坐标为(30.732°N,104.529°E),震源深度为15.12 km;震源位于高-低泊松比过渡带附近,并伴随着大范围的低速异常,初步推断与深部流体有关;同时,固体潮在断层面上产生的剪切应力变化,也可能与本次地震的触发密切相关,暗示着在地震发生前龙泉山北段的地震危险性已经达到了较高水平。因此深部流体侵入作用、强震同震效应以及特定孕震构造环境的综合影响可能是导致本次地震触发的主要因素。     

九寨沟M_S7.0地震地电阻率变化时空演化分析

本文应用归一化变化速率(NVRM)方法,研究了2017年九寨沟M_S7.0地震周边800km范围内25个地电阻率台站2012—2018年的连续观测数据,分析了震中区周围的地电阻率时、空演化过程.结果显示:(1)25个台站中共有14个台站在震前出现了地电阻率变化,结合本次地震震源机制等分析其时空变化,认为邻近地震破裂带的临夏、通渭、武都和宝鸡台地电阻率在震前出现了下降—折返回升型的变化,符合前人已总结的强地震前地电阻率的变化过程.(2)地震发生前震中区周围大区域内出现了地电阻率负异常变化,且以震中区为中心呈条带分布,异常区的长轴方向与地震断裂带走向或地震烈度分布的长轴方向几乎垂直,与地震主压应力轴方向吻合.本文认为九寨沟M_S7.0强震发生之前,震中区周围出现的区域性地电阻率异常空间丛集现象是很好的中期和短临前兆;地电阻率震前异常动态演化、各向异性等特征对认识本次强震发震断层活动以及震源区应力场分布有启示意义.     

2015年内蒙古阿拉善MS5.8地震前地电阻率变化特征研究

本文讨论了2015年内蒙古阿拉善M_S5.8地震前500 km范围内6个台的地电阻率变化, 得到如下结论: ① 石嘴山、 银川、 海原、 固原等台站震前1年半左右出现了较明显的趋势下降变化, 尤其以距离震中最近的石嘴山台下降幅度最大。 ② 利用年变畸变方法分析了石嘴山、 银川、 海原、 固原台的电阻率震前几年的年度变化发现几个台震前均发生了年变化畸变现象。 ③ 几个台地电阻率原始小时值的均方差在震前1~3月内均同时出现了大幅度突跳现象。     

唐山地震前近震中区地电阻率的震前突变现象

1976年唐山地震前,在距震中250公里范围內已经建立了16个地电台站。震前10天内有几个台站地电阻率在较平静的趋势背景值上出现大幅度突变异常,尽管这些台站占少数,但却集中分布在发震的沧东断裂附近。 根据唐山地震震源机制解结果,以及发震构造和地下水位变化的实际资料说明,地电阻率突变异常的空间分布与唐山地震断层面是一致的,与震前地下水位变化异常带也是吻合的,地下水震前变化在时间上与地电阻率突变的出现是同步的。      

关于地电阻率突变序列与地震关系的研究

本文从断裂力学观点出发，分析研究了大量的实际观测结果，发现强震前震中附近的台站将观测到有关地震的异常电阻率突变序列。序列中最大突变的出现将随着震中距的加大而后移，随震极的增强而提前。     

丽江7.0级地震前地震波特征的时空演化过程

本论述了１９９６年２月３日丽江７．０级地震前洱源、腾冲两个地震台的多项地震波运动学和动力学异常及滇西北多台波速比异常的特征，探讨了其时空演化的动态变化过程。得出：在时间进程上，多项地震波突变特征均在震前一年左右的时间出现。其中，波速比在大震前的单点突变异常幅度为中强震的５倍之多；振幅比突变异常幅度约为中强震的３－５倍；尾波持续时间比则是在震前一年左右出现持续性的低值，时间尺度约为中强震异常时间的     

SHIFTING SELF-CORRELATION METHOD INITIALY USED IN THE APPARENT RESISTIVITY OBSERVATION DATA

In this paper,we propose a method of seismic prediction using the geo-electric resistivity shifting self-correlation (SSC),and a numerical test is carried out using random time series analysis to verify the validity of the method.The SSC method is applied to the actual observation data of three geo-electric resistivity stations,and results are obtained as follows:(1) SSC coefficient changes in Ganzi and Shandan stations have good correspondence to earthquake,which is represented mainly by the phased increase of correlation coefficient appearing six months to a year before the earthquake.At the same time,the correlation coefficient anomalies of the two stations also exhibit strong anisotropy.(2) Although Chengdu geo-electric resistivity station had suffered serious disturbance,the correlation coefficient anomaly also has a good correspondence with earthquake.In addition to the validity of the SSC method,it may also be attributed to the magnitude of the earthquake event,the smaller distance of epicenter,and the time of the earthquake.Anisotropy also exists in the anomaly at Chengdu station.(3) By comparing the characteristics of different magnitudes of earthquakes,the results are obtained that,when the magnitude of the selected characteristic earthquake is relatively small,the amplitude of the anomaly before earthquake is different,but when the magnitude is larger,for example M_S ≥ 5.0,the impact on the results of this study is very limited.In addition,we briefly discussed the anisotropy of seismic geoelectrical resistivity anomalies and the selection of the characteristic earthquake.     

Regional variations in abrupt-change sequence of georesistivity and its application in earthquake prediction

Based on fracture mechanics, large amount of practically observed data is analyzed in this paper, and it is disclosed that seismically-anomalous earthquake resistivity sudden change sequence can be observed at the earth resistivity stations around the epicenter of a strong event. The maximum sudden change in the sequence tends to shift backward with the increase of epicentral distance, while it shifts forward with the increase of the magnitude of the earthquake. The maximum sudden change also expands from the epicenter to the peripheral areas. Therefore, the authors propose that it might be possible to predict the 3 key elements of a forthcoming earthquake by using the sudden change sequence, the frequency of the sudden change, the expansion velocity of the maximum sudden change and the time-distance product. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 176–185, 1993.     

Regional seismicity triggered by the Ms=7.8 Tangshan event on July 28, 1976 and the static stress field change

We studied the seismicity before and after the MS=7.8 Tangshan event on July 28, 1976 (39(28(N, 118(11(E) and the results show that in 3 regions outside of the source zone, seismicity rate increasing were observed, which was significant in 0.99 significance level using Z-statistic test and was proposed to be triggered by the MS=7.8 Tangshan earthquake. The magnitude of the greatest triggered event was 5.5. The epicenter distances of these earthquakes were several ten kilometers to 300 km. The static stress change (CFS of Coulomb failure was calculated using an elastic dislocation model in half space and the (CFS on the major rupture directions in these three regions were positive.     

Pdif震相的记录特征

通过对北京地震台1990-2008年间63个极远震记录的分析,简要讨论Pdif震相在CDSN 宽频带数字仪器上的记录特征.目前,北京地震台观测到的Pdif震相的记录范围约101.87°—172.18°,最小震级为6.0级,最浅震源深度为9 km,最深为631.3 km.所得结果有助于提高地震速报能力和积累震相分析经验,...     

张北-尚义地震与大同-阳高地震地震活动对比研究

张北－尚义地震与大同－阳高地震虽然相距不远,但在地震活动性上有较大的差异。大同－阳高地震前,区域地震活动、断裂带附近微震活动、震源邻区地震活动趋势、地震活动空区展布和余震分布都与北东或北西向这组共轭构造一致;张北－尚义地震前,区域地震活动、断裂带附近微震活动、震源邻区地震活动趋势、地震活动空区展布和余震分布则与近南北或近东西向这组共轭构造平行。产生这种方向差异的原因可能是构造条件的差异以及附加应力场的不同     

山西运城振动事件S变换时频分析

基于S变换,对2005年以来山西南部运城及其附近地区的振动事件波形进行时频分析,并与山西南部地区的天然地震、爆破和塌陷地震波谱特征进行对比分析。结果表明：天然地震一般S波携带能量较大,衰减较慢,震相高低频成分呈现均匀分布;一般近台记录的人工爆破P波比S波发育,能量衰减较快,震相急促短暂;塌陷地震波列能量随时间和频率的展布相对集中,一般分布在频率较低区域;振动事件震相简单,被不同台站记录的波形能量优势分布及频率分布范围差异较大,衰减特征不明显。据此,基本可以排除山西南部及附近区域的振动事件为天然地震、爆破和塌陷事件的可能。     

基于断层虚位错模式讨论2008年汶川MS8.0地震前视电阻率变化

2008年汶川M_S8.0地震前,距震中450km范围内有7个视电阻率台站运行,震前记录到了不同形态和幅值的变化。本文采用断层虚位错模式,在模型中将汶川地震同震滑动位移按大小相等但方向相反的方式进行加载,计算震前产生这些同震位错所需积累的应力应变分布。计算结果表明：在100m深度,震前正应力和剪切应力主要积累区域位于龙门山断裂带两侧约100km范围内,最大应力变化量为0.5MPa;体应变积累区域与应力积累区域基本一致,最大应变值为10^-5,显示这些区域在震前存在较高的挤压应力应变积累,而在这些区域外,应力应变积累程度较低。成都台和江油台位于震前主要的应力应变挤压积累集中区域,视电阻率观测数据均为震前下降-准同震阶跃-震后回升,与震前应力应变积累-震后释放的变化形式一致,这2个台站震前的异常变化与汶川地震关系密切;而甘孜台、武都台、冕宁台、小庙台和天水台位于应力应变积累较弱的区域,其视电阻率变化与汶川地震的关联性较弱。