SAR海洋数据图象的定标系统

合成孔径雷达能够应用于地学各领域是基于ＳＡＲ图象记录了地物对微波的后向散射特性，因此对ＳＡＲ图象数据的定标就显得尤其重要，本文参考国我对星载ＳＡＲ传感器的定标方法，针对在海洋上ＳＡＲ定标工作国外做的较少，结合海洋ＳＡＲ应用遥感的特点，提出了对星载ＳＡＲ的图象数据进行定标的技术方法，理论依据和针对海洋的星载ＳＡＲ定标系统的构成。     

合成孔径雷达（SAR）图像的真实值实标与校验

随着合成孔雷达的应用研究程度的深入，要求较为精确地掌握目标体的雷达后向散射特征，这样必须对ＳＡＲ图象进行真实值的定标与校验。本文基于基本散射理论对ＳＡＲ系统的增益进行分解，指出各个相关参数的获得取方法，最后给出定标和数据处理流程图。     

利用SAR图像监测海上石油污染的实验分析

本文讨论了利用ＳＡＲ 图像监测海上石油污染的理论依据和环境条件,并根据ＲＡＤＡＲＳＡＴ 卫星装载的合成孔径雷达（ＳＡＲ）图像对渤海ＣＢ－６Ａ 井组发生的原油（气）泄漏事件进行了初步的研究和分析。     

蓬莱附近 海区水下地形的星载合成孔径雷达遥感

本文依据山东蓬莱附近海区１９９２年４月１９日的ＥＲＳ－１ＳＡＲ图像，分析了该海区的水下地形并探讨了水下地形雷达成像机理。分析结果显示，ＳＡＲ图像较好地揭示了该海区四人洲、潮待洲、新井洲等水下地形。研究指出，流经水下地形的潮流对海洋表面波的水动力调制是水下地形ＳＡＲ成像的主要机理。     

利用SAR图像监测海上石油污染的实验分析

本文讨论了利用ＳＡＲ图像监测海上石油污染的理论依据和环境条件,并根据ＲＡＤＡＲＳＡＴ卫星装载的合成孔径雷达图像对渤海ＣＢ－６Ａ井组发生的原油泄漏事件进行了初步的研究和分析。     

SAR对南沙群岛暗礁的成像能力

介绍了合成孔径雷达（ＳＡＲ）的成像原理及南沙群岛潮流、波浪状况。通过研究潮流、波浪对海表面微尺度波的调制机理,结合两者ＥＲＳ－１ ＳＡＲ 图像论述了ＳＡＲ对南沙群岛暗礁具有成像能力。     

Transgressions of Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary in Eastern China

ＴＲＡＮＳＧＲＥＳＳＩＯＮＳＯＦＬＡＴＥＣＲＥＴＡＣＥＯＵＳＴＯＥＡＲＬＹＴＥＲＴＩＡＲＹＩＮＥＡＳＴＥＲＮＣＨＩＮＡＱｉｕＳｏｎｇｙｕ，ＬｕＢｉｎｇｌｉ，ＣｈｅｎＹｏｎｇｃｈｅｎｇ（ＪｉｌｉｎＨｅａｄｑｕａｒｔｅｒｓＯｆＰｅｔｒｏｌｅｕｍＰｒｏｓｐ...     

浅海水下地形的星载合成孔径雷达遥感

依据山东蓬莱附近海区１９９２年４月１９日的欧洲遥感卫星一号（ＥＲＳ－１）合成孔径雷达（ＳＡＲ）图像，分析了该海区的水下地形并探讨了水下地形雷达成像机理。分析结果显示，ＳＣＲ图像较好地揭示了该海区四人洲、潮待洲、新井洲等水下地形。研究指出，流经水下地形的潮流对海洋表面波的水动力调制是水下地形ＳＡＲ成像的主要机理。本研究表明星载ＳＡＲ作为浅海水下地形测量的新型手段具有广阔的应用前景。     

东海试验区水体光谱特性现场测量与数据分析

星载水色遥感器 Ｓｅａ Ｗｉ Ｆ Ｓ 已业务化地为海洋学家提供高质量的海洋水色遥感数据。要有效地利用水色遥感数据,需要经常地对遥感器进行定标,并对测得的离水辐射率以及导出的生物—光学特性进行真实性检验。１９９８ 年５ 月, 我们在东海试验区,应用多光谱剖面／ 表面辐射仪（ Ｓ Ｐ Ｍ Ｒ／ Ｓ Ｍ Ｓ Ｒ） ,进行了光谱测量。本文介绍了现场测量的方法,以及根据我国海区的特点对实测数据的处理结果     

不同风区海面雷达后向散射的极化特征对比分析

通过对海南省南保港附近海面ＳＩＲ－Ｃ／Ｘ－ＳＡＲ全极化数据的定量研究,对比研究了该海面不同风区海面的全极化信息特征,定量分析了海面散射的极化信息和极化状态的空间结构情况：用散射矩阵的迹解释了不同海区的散射强度对应关系：对比海面散射极化响应可以确定不同成长类型的粗糙海面类型;用极化响应图的对称特点界定“长尺度”和“短尺度”海面;建立全极化海面散射模型。讨论了海面电磁散射的贡献与雷达系统参数之间的定量     

利用X波段雷达图像估计有效波高

海浪有效波高与雷达的海杂波强度有关,但是无法直接由雷达图像得到.借鉴运用SAR图像计算有效波高的方法,即假设有效波高与雷达回波强度信噪比的平方根成线性关系,可以由X波段雷达图像计算得到海浪的有效波高.将在小麦岛和南海分别进行的岸基试验和船基试验获得的浮标资料和雷达资料结合起来分析,结果表明用X波段航海雷达测量有效波高的最大误差不超过9%.     

GF-3号SAR卫星遥感围填海监测方法研究——以大连金州湾为例

依据不同围填海类型在高分三号(GF-3)合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar,SAR)卫星遥感影像上可分性,建立围填海遥感分类体系及相应的围填海类型解译标志,进而分析SAR图像岸线提取方法,构建GF-3围填海监测技术流程。采用几何主动轮廓模型进行GF-3 SAR影像自动提取海岸线,获得围填海专题图。通过外业精度调查验证GF-3 SAR卫星遥感影像可以有效获取围填海信息。     

基于X波段雷达海面波高估计的改进方法

船用X波段导航雷达凹波形成的海杂波图像中包含丰富的海浪、海表层流信息.借鉴合成孔径雷达(SAR)估计有效波高的方法,假设有效波高与雷达回波强度信噪比的平方根成线性关系,可由X波段雷达图像估计得到海浪的有效波高.用此方法主要分析小麦岛海域实验数据,结果显示,直流滤波后计算的信噪比估计的有效波高比不进行直流滤波结果符合得好;而按波浪浮标测得有效波高数据的高低,分两段分别进行线性拟合获取校准系数,估测的有效波高更加准确.     

基于同步风场的机载SAR海浪参数反演方法

针对机载合成孔径雷达(SAR)对海探测特点,采用多入射角法从SAR数据本身得到与海浪参数反演区域时空匹配的同步海面风速和风向,并结合线性变换关系,计算得到海浪初猜谱对应的仿真SAR图像谱,将仿真SAR图像谱和观测SAR图像谱输入代价函数中进行迭代运算,通过非线性方程的解算得到最适海浪谱;采用交叉谱法去除海浪传播180°方向模糊,最终得到海浪参数。论文提出的基于同步风场的机载SAR海浪参数反演方法,充分利用了机载SAR海洋环境探测的优势,解决了传统SAR海浪参数反演中初猜谱构造依赖外部风场的问题,机载同步飞行试验的海浪参数反演结果与浮标观测值的有效波高、波向的均方根误差分别为0.23 m和13.23°,验证了该方法的有效性,可为机载SAR海浪参数反演业务化提供支持。     

A semiempirical algorithm for SAR wave height retrieval and its validation using Envisat ASAR wave mode data

Many synthetic aperture radar(SAR) wave height retrieval algorithms have been developed.However,the wave height retrievals from most existing methods either depend on other input as the first guess or are restricted to the long wave regime.A semiempirical algorithm is presented,which has the objective to estimate the wave height from SAR imagery without any prior knowledge.The proposed novel algorithm was developed based on the theoretical SAR ocean wave imaging mechanism and the empirical relation between two types of wave period.The dependency of the proposed model on radar incident and wave direction was analyzed.For Envisat advanced synthetic aperture radar(ASAR) wave mode data,the model can be reduced to the simple form with two input parameters,i.e.,the cutoff wavelength and peak wavelength of ocean wave,which can be retrieved from SAR imagery without any prior knowledge of wind or wave.Using Envisat ASAR wave mode data and the collocated buoy measurements from NDBC,the semiempirical algorithm is validated and compared with the Envisat ASAR level 2 products.The root-mean-square-error(RMSE) and scatter index(SI) in respect to the in situ measurements are 0.52 m and 19% respectively.Validation results indicate that,for Envisat ASAR wave mode data,the proposed method works well.     

Methods of obtaining offshore wind direction and sea-state data from X-band aircraft SAR imagery of coastal waters

X-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery of the Goto Islands of Japan was digitally analyzed to extract air-sea interaction parameters and to assess the potential of texture measures in analysis of SAR ocean imagery. Wind direction is extracted from wind rows, wind streaks, and random turbulence patterns observed in the SAR imagery. Sea-state parameters are either extracted directly from the imagery or estimated using the extracted information in previously established empirical formulas. A convenient method of digitally presenting imagery, local power spectra, and the extracted/estimated parameters is presented. Texture analysis based on gray-level co-occurrence (GLC) matrices is applied to SAR ocean imagery. The inertia measure is shown to extract similar information to the power spectrum. The cluster-shade measure is shown to be sensitive to image phase.     

The Seasat-A synthetic aperture radar system

The objective of the Seasat-A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system was to detect ocean waves from orbital altitudes. An SAR system operating at 1275 MHz (23-cm wavelength) was designed and built to meet this objective. The choice of wavelength was the result of imagery obtained by aircraft during 1972 to 1974 and ease of implementation. The Seasat. A SAR system was turned on in orbit on July 4, 1978, and gathered imagery until the spacecraft bus failed in orbit in October 1978.     

Estimates of ocean wavelength and direction from X-and L-band synthetic aperture radar data collected during the Marineland experiment

Simultaneously obtainedX- andL-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data collected during the Marineland Experiment were spectrally analyzed by fast Fourier transform (FFT) techniques to estimate ocean wavelength and direction. An eight-sided flight pattern was flown over the same ocean area in order to study the sensitivity of the spectral estimate on radar look direction. These spectral estimates were compared with in situ wave measurements made by a pitch-and-roll buoy. The comparison revealed that theX-band SAR detected all gravity waves independent of radar look direction, while theL-band SAR detected all range-traveling gravity waves but failed to detect waves in three of four cases in which the waves were traveling within 25° of the azimuth direction. The analysis also indicates that azimuth-traveling waves appear longer and more range-traveling in the SAR imagery than observed by in situ instrumentation. It is postulated that degraded azimuth resolution due to scatterer motion is responsible for these observations.     

An inverse method for underwater bottom topography by using SAR imagery

I~IOXThe image technology of the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is one of most important advances in spaceberne microwave remote sensing (Larson et al., 1976). It has extensive application in the ocean remote sensing, such as inversion of the sea subdue winds and currentS, reconstruction of underwater hatom topography and so on. Owing tO the high conductivity of sea water, an electromagnetic wave actually cannot penetrate into the sea water, with extremely smallPenetration depth (abbot 1 c…     

用合成孔径雷达图像反演浅海水下地形的一种方法

海流与海底地形的相互作用导致了海表面的粗糙起伏,从而引起对海面观测的雷达散射截面的变化。在浅海海流速度垂直分布廓线为均匀的假定下,由流体连续性方程和驰豫时间近似下流体力学弱相互作用的理论,已证明雷达散射截面的空间变化正比于海流方向上海流速度变化的梯度。研究了合成孔径雷达(SAR)对海面的观测图像在无槽道信息和海流方向预知条件下,提出用散射系数的二维相关函数确定海流方向。在海流速度和方向已知条件下,推导了由雷达散射截面的空间变化迭推反演浅海水下地形的公式,并研究了航天飞机SIR-CSAR在我香港特区海域的二维图像反演浅海水下地形的应用。