从化高围拉辉煌斑岩的初步研究

广东从化高围拉辉煌斑岩产于广州－新丰断裂带内,含花岗岩、片岩、柳辉岩等多种类型包体。拉辉煌斑岩中的石榴石属镁铝榴石－铁铝榴石系列,为榴辉岩型石榴石。其中镁铝榴石含微量Ｎａ２Ｏ,为幔源榴辉岩型石榴石;而铁铝榴石属阿尔卑斯型变质作用榴辉岩型石石,可能暗示了古老基底曾经历了高压变质作用。     

宜昌老林沟石榴石矿床地质特征

老林沟石榴石矿产于黄陵背斜北部类孔兹岩系中一套富铝铁质正常沉积的泥质粉砂岩、泥质岩中,在区域热动力变质作用下,铁铝榴石与夕线石共生,属于巴罗变质系列中夕线石带产物,根据矿物共生组合、指相特征矿物得出形成该矿产的区域变质的温压条件为:t为7 00℃,P为7 30MPa,变质相属低角闪岩相至高角闪岩相。     

冀东迁滦地区沉积变质型铁矿床变质作用程度：来自石榴子石的制约

石榴子石是冀东地区沉积变质铁矿中常见的变质矿物之一。本文采集迁安-滦县地区代表性铁矿中含有石榴子石的岩石样品,对其石榴子石进行电子探针和X-射线粉晶衍射分析,得出司马地区为角闪岩相,杏山-黄柏峪一带为角闪岩-麻粒岩相,水厂-大石河地区为麻粒岩相,这与前人对迁滦地区用主要矿物共生组合等来研究变质相的结论相一致;同时迁滦地区沉积变质铁矿中石榴子石的端元组分和晶胞参数a0随变质程度的增加呈规律性变化: 司马地区的铁铝榴石+钙铝榴石→杏山-黄柏峪一带的铁铝榴石→水厂-大石河一带铁铝榴石+镁铝榴石,其晶胞参数a0值逐渐减小。因此在沉积变质型铁矿床中,变质矿物石榴子石的化学成分及晶胞参数特征对不同地区的变质程度具有示踪意义。     

西岭矿区酸性熔岩中石榴石斑晶的特征、成因与成岩意义

西岭矿区酸性熔岩中石榴石斑晶属铁铝榴石,是在20-30 kbar压力下较早从岩浆中品出的斑晶矿物;由于斜长石斑晶发生不一致熔融结晶作用,故具有斜长石反应边。酸性熔岩中含有铁铝榴石高压斑晶及铁铝榴石中含有14.42-21.40％的镁铝榴石分子,是岩浆物质来自深源的标志。石榴石是重稀土选择型矿物。西华山黑云母花岗岩中的铁铝榴石是铁铝榴石-锰铝榴石,其特征与成岩成矿意义均不同于西岭矿区铁铝榴石斑晶。     

滇东南南温河地区猛硐岩群变质作用特征

滇东南南温地区猛硐岩群经历了两期区域变质作用，加里档期质矿物有十字石，铁铝榴石，黑云母等，最高变质温度约690℃，压力0．5GPa,是一期中压区域动力热流变质，印支期变质矿物主要为绢（白）云母，绿泥石等，为区域低温动力变质。     

冀北崇礼高压-超高压榴英岩的发现及其矿物化学和锆石U-Pb年代学特征

首次在冀北崇礼晚古生代红旗营子变质表壳岩中发现了高压-超高压榴英岩,并对其进行了矿物化学研究及锆石U-Pb年代学限定。该高压-超高压榴英岩呈透镜状产出,直接围岩为石榴黑云斜长片麻岩,矿物成分主要为石榴子石和石英,有少量角闪石、斜长石和重晶石,副矿物可见磷灰石、钛铁矿以及铜铁硫化物等。石榴子石以高的Grs+And值(23.08%～29.38%)为特征,属铁铝榴石-钙铝榴石-镁铝榴石系列,铁铝榴石分子、钙铝榴石分子和镁铝榴石分子分别为51.70%～61.87%、23.08%～28.45%和11.31%～16.75%,另有少量的锰铝榴石分子(1.25%～2.45%)。磷灰石为氟磷灰石,F含量介于1.65%～3.29%之间,磷灰石包裹体周边石榴子石颗粒常具放射状减压膨胀缝,显示出高压-超高压变质岩的退变质特征。重晶石可能为磷灰石在高压-超高压榴英岩的折返过程中减压分解出溶的结果,该过程同时伴随有铜铁硫化物的形成。榴英岩形成的温压条件为667～710℃、1.189～1.279 GPa,与矿物学特征所显示的压力属性相一致。榴英岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年获得两组不同的年龄数据,其中碎屑锆石的T...     

滇西石鼓变质带基本特征

石鼓变质带延伸约100多公里,可划分为绿泥石带、黑云母带、铁铝榴石带、十字石带、蓝晶石带及夕线石带。红柱石-蓝晶石稳定共生,属低—中压变质相系的区域变质带。主要变质时期为海西晚期(K-Ar年龄为258Ma)。     

流纹英安凝灰岩中发现铁铝榴石

1980年5月,我们在采自江西省抚州市七里岗附近,晚侏罗世的流纹英安凝灰岩中发现石榴石。经鉴定为铁铝榴石。铁铝榴石是常见的变质矿物之一。在内华达、科罗拉多、斯洛伐克和外喀尔巴阡的流纹岩和英安岩中广泛分布有作为副矿物的铁铝榴石(苏科普切茀等,1978年)。而产于中酸性火山凝灰岩中的原生铁铝榴石,除见于英格兰湖区(Oliver1965)外,就目前所知,国内尚未见报导。     

四川黑水锰矿锰铝榴石—铁铝榴石系列矿物的分类及其意义

在研究四川黑水锰矿中广泛分布的锰铝榴石-铁铝榴石系列矿物的基础上,根据它们的化学成分将本区石榴子石系列矿物划分为五个变种:含钙锰铝榴石、含铁锰铝榴石、锰铁质铝榴石、铁质锰铝榴石和含锰铁铝榴石。这对于本区锰矿的找矿勘探和开采利用都有一定的实用意义。     

苏北榴辉岩成因型及其形成条件

苏北榴辉岩至少存在高度压壳源型（Ｈ型）、超高压壳源型（Ｕ型）和幔源型（Ｍ型）三类。其中Ｈ型榴辉岩的石榴石为铁铝榴石,具正环带结构,单斜辉石属低硬玉绿辉石,主要形成于晋宁期低温度高压变质条件下的下地壳;Ｕ型榴辉岩含微粒金刚石（？）、柯石英及其假象等,发育放射状胀裂结构和正、反环带结构、石榴石为钙铝榴石、单斜辉石属高硬玉绿辉石,主要形成于印支期高温超高压变质条件下的上地幔;Ｍ型榴辉岩的石榴石属镁铝榴石     

新疆哈密东盐池附近变质基底特征及控矿探讨

新疆哈密东盐池附近变质基底属于塔里木板块北缘北山古生代裂谷带西段一部分,而板块北缘的北山地区古生代进入了陆块裂解、陆内裂谷发展演化时期。笔者对东盐池附近的变质岩进行了研究,将该区域变质作用分为区域变质、动力变质及接触变质等3个类型;将区内变质相分为低角闪岩相、高绿片岩相、低绿片岩相及葡萄石—绿纤石相等4个变质相带相系。研究了地质事件与变质变形的演化趋势,即变质作用从区域中高温变质、区域低温动力变质到区域埋深变质,变质作用的温度和压力随时代更新逐次降低。探讨了变质作用与矿产的关系,即变质作用控制变质矿产的分布。各种变质作用所形成的热液与其他热液一起促使成矿物质的活化迁移至有利部位成矿,形成了黑色岩系中的磷矿、石墨矿和钒矿等。     

扬子陆块西缘石棉大水沟岩片变形变质特征

经近年研究，石棉大水沟岩片边界断裂为韧性剪切带，具逆冲-推覆性质，在中生代碰撞造山过程中逆冲叠置在扬子陆块之上。该岩片经历了晚二叠世裂谷变质、晚三叠世末至早中侏罗世滑脱-收缩动热变质和晚侏罗世热隆接触变质等三期主要变形、变质作用，尤其是后两期影响最深刻，奠定了现今热隆构造，并伴有赚矿床的形成。大水沟热隆，具陆陆碰撞地壳加厚，剪切增热，熔融岩浆底辟上隆的演化特点，属岩浆热隆。     

Metamorphic zones of the Vrbno and Rejvíz series,the Hrubý Jeseník Mountains,Czechoslovakia

Summary The Devonian eugeosynclinal volcano-sedimentary complex (the Vrbno and Rejvíz series) building the envelope unit of the Desná Dome in the Hrubý Jeseník Mts. was regionally metamorphosed during the polyphase Variscan metamorphism. In it, five zones have been distinguished: the chlorite, biotite, garnet, staurolite and sillimanite ones. The metamorphism was of progressive character and its intensity (temperature) increased in the Vrbno series from S to N, and in the Rejvíz series from SE to NW. The mineral assemblages of rocks correspond to medium-pressure metamorphism in the greenschist, albite-epidote-amphibolite and the amphibolite facies. The earlier metamorphic phase (I) attained at maximum the staurolite zone. The later metamorphic phase (II) was a medium-pressure, too (5.5 kb at a temperature of 670° to 700°C), but it attained a higher temperature. It is represented by the sillimanite zone in which staurolite is unstable and is replaced by muscovite. Almandine does not change. In this paper, among others, the mutual relationships between sillimanite, biotite, staurolite and muscovite, existing in proximity of the sillimanite isograd, are discussed.

---

Metamorphe Zonen in der Vrbno- und in der Rejvíz-Serie des Hrubý Jeseník-(Altvater-) Gebirges, Tschechoslowakei

Zusammenfassung Der devonische, eugeosynklinale, vulkanisch-sedimentäre Komplex (die Vrbno-und die Rejvíz Serie), der die Hülle der Desná-Aufwölbung im Hrubý-Jenseník-(Altvater-)Gebirge aufbaut, wurde während der polyphasen variszischen Metamorphose regional metamorphisiert. Es können darin fünf Zonen unterschieden werden: die Chlorit-, die Biotit-, die Granat-, die Staurolith-und die Sillimanit-Zone. Die Metamorphose war von aufsteigendem Charakter und nahm in der Vrbno-Serie von S nach N zu, in der Rejvíz-Serie von SE nach NW. Die Mineralparagenesen der Gesteine entsprechen Metamorphosen mittlerer Drücke in Grünschiefer-, Albit-Epidot-Amphibolit-und Amphibolit-Fazies. Die ältere metamorphe Phase (I) erreichte am Höhepunkt die Staurolith-Zone. Die spätere metamorphe Phase (II) war ebenfalls von mittlerem Druck (5,5 kb bei einer Temperatur von 670–700°C), erreichte aber höhere Temperaturen. Sie wird durch die Sillimanit-Zone, in welcher Staurolith instabil ist und durch Muskovit ersetzt wird, repräsentiert. Almandin ändert sich nicht. In der Arbeit werden unter anderem die gegenseitigen Bezjehungen zwischen Sillimanit, Biotit, Staurolith und Muskovit diskutiert, die nahe der Sillimanit-Isograden existieren.

---

---

With 10 Figures     

中国西藏南部珠穆朗玛峯地区的岩浆岩、变质岩和混合岩

前言珠穆朗玛峰地区系指西藏雅鲁藏布江以南,亚东以西,吉隆以东的我国境内广大地区。在解放以后,曾有多次科学考察,尤其在1966年至1968年,由中国科学院组织西藏科学考察队,对这一地区进行了大规模的多学科考察。     

安徽铜陵冬瓜山矿床中磁黄铁矿矿石结构特征及其成因意义

安徽铜陵冬瓜山矿床是长江中下游地区具有代表性的大型层状硫化物矿床,磁黄铁矿为矿床中的主要硫化物矿物.该矿床主要由层状硫化物矿体组成,伴有矽卡岩型和斑岩型矿体.在层状矿体上部,磁黄铁矿主要为块状构造,而层状矿体下部,磁黄铁矿多为层纹状、条带状构造,具有显著的沉积结构构造特征.野外地质观察及室内矿相学研究表明,层状矿体中磁黄铁矿矿石遭受了强烈的变质作用及热液交代作用.进变质过程中形成的结构主要为胶黄铁矿转变为黄铁矿以及进一步变质转变为磁黄铁矿、磁铁矿时形成的交代残留结构.退变质过程则以磁黄铁矿的退火、黄铁矿变斑晶的生长和单纯六方磁黄铁矿的形成为特征.岩浆热液对单纯六方磁黄铁矿的交代作用形成了单斜和六方磁黄铁矿的交生结构.这些结构特征表明层状矿体中的磁黄铁矿并不是岩浆热液成因,而主要为石炭纪同生沉积胶黄铁矿、黄铁矿在燕山期岩浆侵入所引起的热变质作用下脱硫所形成,并在热变质作用之后又受到岩浆热液的叠加交代.磁黄铁矿的结构特征显示冬瓜山矿床的形成经历了同生沉积、热变质、热液交代等多个阶段,支持其为同生沉积-叠加改造型矿床.     

Investigations in isochemical contact metamorphism

Isochemical contact metamorphism was observed in 3 localities based on 184 chemical analyses of rock samples and the significance tested using simple statistical techniques. The intrusions included gabbro, granosyenite, and granitic type rocks being intruded into respective schists, clays and shales, and schists and gneisses. Conductive heat transfer appeared to be the most important heat transfer mechanism in isochemical contact metamorphism. During isochemical metamorphism both H₂O and CO₂ were rather mobile and impoverished in the metamorphic rocks.     

The Alpine metamorphism in the Simplon area,Switzerland and Italy

The metamorphic rocks of Mesozoic age, found sandwiched between the Pennine nappes of Simplon area, were subjected to a detailed structural-petrological investigation with a view to clarify the nature of the Alpine metamorphism.Preliminary structural works demonstrated the existence of two B-axes — B₁ and B₂ — both being younger than the regional folding and thrusting movements. Of these two, B₁ is restricted to the northernmost belt of the present area and has been imprinted uniformly on the older crystalline rocks of the Aar-Gotthard massif as well as on their Mesozoic sedimentary cover. The B₁-axis, with its usually steeply plunging habit, can be traced southwards upto the northernmost fringe of the Pennine Mesozoic metamorphites. The subhorizontal to weakly plunging B₂-lineation overprints B₁ in the northernmost sector of the region under consideration. Further southwards, it gains rapidly in prominence and becomes the sole linear fabric element. For the most part, B₂ coincides roughly with the axes of the regional large scale folds B₀; but at places the two may deviate from each other appreciably. The overall behaviour of the B-axes is to be seen in the structural map, in which only the statistical maximum of numerous measurements from each locality has been plotted.Zones of progressive regional metamorphism could be roughly delineated over the whole region. The metamorphic grade rises from low greenschist facies in the NW to middle almandine amphibolite facies to the SE. Although the delineation of the metamorphic facies boundaries is only tentative and it is to be expected that future work would refine them, it is firmly believed that the outline of the pattern would not be necessarily modified thereby. By correlating the individual zones of metamorphic facies of underground exposures of Simplon tunnel with the corresponding ones on the facies map, it was possible to determine approximately the lie of the facies boundary surfaces. They transgress cleanly the regional large scale structures in three dimensions in space, proving thereby that the metamorphism took place after the regional folding and thrusting movements died off. Ancillary evidences on this point were derived through a systematic study of oriented thin sections and intensive petrofabric analysis. It was established that the metamorphic recrystallisation and the post-thrusting penetrative movements leading to the origin of the secondary planar and linear fabric elements went on hand in hand, with the former process ultimately outlasting the latter. In fact, the recrystallisation continued long afterwards under a completely static condition and almost all the porphyroblasts were found to have grown at this stage. The regional metamorphism of this area is therefore independent of the penetrative movements due to Alpine orogenesis and owes its origin to the late plutonic actions.Comparison with other areas shows that the Simplon area could be regarded simply as a prototype of the usual case of regional metamorphism. It is concluded that the regional metamorphism in its ideal form is a complex overprinting of an area of previous dislocation metamorphism by a subsequent phase of plutonic metamorphism. Although deformation does not appear to have played an essential rÔle in bringing about appreciable amount of recrystallisation in regional metamorphic rocks, it ought to be regarded as a conditio sine qua non for the same. Indeed, dislocation metamorphism seems to have paved the path to be trodden over later by plutonic metamorphism — the result being crystalline schists, the products of the so called regional metamorphism. The time-honoured term regional metamorphism has got today the sole advantage of being universally understood.     

新疆萨尔托海铬铁矿造矿铬尖晶石蚀变特征及指示意义

本文通过对萨尔托海矿区25矿群矿体边部、接近围岩造矿铬尖晶石的镜下观察发现: 造矿铬尖晶石由三部分组成, 自核部至边部依次是未蚀变的核部(灰色)、早期蚀变的中间带(灰白色)和晚期蚀变的边部(浅灰色)。探针分析上述三部分的成分, 得出早期蚀变中Al大量流失, 而Fe发生富集, 晚期蚀变Al、Cr、Mg相对于早期蚀变发生富集, 而Fe大量流失。通过研究区造矿铬尖晶石与国外变质超基性岩副矿物铬尖晶石对比, 认为早期蚀变对应的低角闪岩相变质, 温度为550℃~600℃, 晚期蚀变对应的是绿片岩相变质, 温度为350℃~500℃, 核部对应蚀变环境介于低角闪岩相和高角闪岩相之间, 稳定温度高于600℃, 故未发生蚀变。通过分析区域变质特征并结合造矿铬尖晶石所处的空间部位, 认为晚期蚀变是达拉布特蛇绿岩定位后期区域构造作用的结果, 推测早期蚀变可能与蛇绿岩构造侵位有关。     

湖北枣阳大阜山镁铁/超镁铁杂岩体与金红石矿床成因

湖北省北部枣阳市境内的大阜山镁铁/超镁铁杂岩体主要由未变质的纯橄岩和橄长岩组成,伴生变质的石榴石角闪石岩、石榴石钠黝帘石角闪石岩和角闪石钠黝帘石岩.杂岩体的围岩为大理岩.该岩体中的金红石矿床产于变质的石榴石角闪石岩或蚀变的石榴石角闪石岩中.橄长岩中锆石SHRIMP U-Pb同位素定年结果表明镁铁/超镁铁质岩体的成岩年龄约为600Ma.变质的岩石和未变质的岩石几乎具有完全相同的地球化学特征,表明前者的原岩应为橄长岩,整个岩体是一个分异的镁铁/超镁铁侵入体.金红石赋存于角闪石解理中等岩相特征表明矿床的含矿岩石就是石榴石角闪石岩,不是由石榴石辉石岩退变质形成的;且其中的石榴石为钙铁榴石,不是富镁、富铝的与高压/超高压作用有关的石榴石.金红石矿床的形成和岩体的局部变质应该与由北向南的近水平推覆构造有关,动力变质作用提供的热和流体,结合推覆过程中的变形作用,导致围岩大理岩和镁铁质岩体发生交代作用,形成石榴石角闪石岩和金红石矿床.