我国K-Ar法标准样40Ar-40K和40Ar-39Ar年龄测定及放射成因40Ar的析出特征

同位素地质年龄标准样的建立,是一项重要的基础工作,它在检查和比较各种实验流程,衡量各种定年方法的可信度,标定同位素稀释剂等方面,都是必不可少的。从1977年初开始,我国同位素地质标准样小组着手建立K-Ar法标准样。为了外检,笔者曾将ZBH-25黑云母、ZBJ角闪石带到澳大利亚国立大学地球科学院进行测定。这两个样品的K-Ar稀释法年龄、⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar坪年龄及⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar等时年龄的一致性表明,这些矿物结晶以后,未受过热的挠动,也不存在过剩氩,是作标准样的理想样品。本文还介绍样品中放射成因⁴⁰Ar的析出特征,并指出⁴⁰Ar可能有两种存在状态,它们各具不同的晶格能。     

应用40Ar—39Ar定年技术研究某些火山岩及陨石样品的受热历史

常规的K-Ar法是基于⁴⁰K通过K-层电子捕获衰变成⁴⁰Ar^*这一机理,应用衰变定律而定年的。它具有测定对象广、测定年龄范围大等优点,是同位素地质定年的主要方法之一。但是,由于⁴⁰Ar^*是气体,当岩石、矿物形成以后受到搅动时(如岩浆的侵入、构造活动、宇宙物质的冲击等),⁴⁰Ar^*容易丢失,使年龄值偏低。1962年由Sigurgeirsson提出的,后经Merrihue、Turner等人逐步完善的⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar快中子活化定年技术,很好地克服了K-Ar法的局限性。⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar定年分为两种:一是全熔融法(total fusion),样品被快中子照射后一次加热熔融,然后计算年龄,此值与常规K-Ar法结果相当;另一种是阶段加热法(step-heating),被照射的样品从低温到高温被逐步加热,分别计算各温度阶段的⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar视年龄,并进而得到一条年龄谱和一个坪年龄(plateau age)。后一种方法对研究地质体是否受过热的挠动、岩石矿物的早期结晶年代、后期热挠动次数、热挠动年代、岩石矿物对氢的保存性、过剩氩的存在状态等具有独特作用,它开辟了同位素地质年代学的一个新领域。本文将着重介绍应用⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar阶段加热技术研究地球物质及陨石受热历史的某些成果。     

根据40Ar/39Ar年龄谱探讨陨石冲击事件的分期

⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar年龄谱是研究陨石冲击事件的重要资料。根据对55块陨石⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar冲击年龄和陨石暴露年龄的分析,发现陨石的冲击年龄与陨石类型之间存在对应关系。据此,将陨石冲击事件划分为九期。其中3900-4000Ma、470-540Ma和小于65Ma是陨石母体的三个重要演化阶段。阶段Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ(冲击年龄大于30亿年)主要涉及高钙型无球粒陨石。所有球粒陨石的冲击年龄均小于30亿年。陨石暴露年龄因类型而异,铁陨石最大,石铁陨石次之,石陨石最小。     

甘肃花牛山东钾长花岗岩40Ar/39Ar同位素年龄及其地质意义

对甘肃花牛山东复式花岗岩体中钾长花岗岩的钾长石进行了详细的⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar同位素年龄测定,11个加热阶段所获数据构成-条相关关系非常好的直线,其对应的等时线年龄为194.25±1.96 Ma(2σ).⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar初始值为288.87±2.17(2σ),接近于尼尔值(295.5).鉴于该岩体形成之后未受到明显的构造-岩浆活动或其它热事件的影响,因此,194 Ma代表了钾长花岗岩钾长石的形成时代.花牛山东钾长花岗岩是燕山早期构造-岩浆活动的产物.由此推断,花牛山地区构造-岩浆活动时间不是印支期,更不是海西期,而是中生代燕山早期.     

氯对40Ar-39Ar定年的制约及数据处理

核反应³⁵Cl(n,γ)³⁶Cl和³⁷Cl(n,γ)³⁸Cl的最终产物³⁶Ar和³⁸Ar,对⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar定年影响不可忽视,尤其是在测定某些含K量低的沉积成因矿物时更为重要。本文介绍含Cl样品的⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar定年技术及全部数据处理步骤,以及ppm级K、Ca、Cl含量的测定及计算方法。     

用84Sr作稀释剂时样品中87Sr/86Sr比值的计算

用Rb-Sr法测定地质年龄,对地质样品中的锶往往要进行两种同位素分析:非稀释分析以测定⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr比值;稀释分析以测定样品中⁸⁶Sr的含量。随着稀释剂⁸⁴Sr丰度的提高,Wasserburg et al.(1964),Van schmus(1965),Wetherill与Bickford(1965)采用了以一代二的办法——用稀释分析既测定含量又测⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr比值。由于稀释剂中⁸⁴Sr高度富集,⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr受到的影响小,在当时的技术条件下,这些作者没有对一些数据处理进行讨论。但随着计算技术的应用,大大提高了测量精度,稀释剂对⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁷Sr的影响则必须加以考虑。     

南天山蛇绿混杂岩和中天山南缘糜棱岩的40Ar/39Ar年龄及其大地构造意义

⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar同位素年龄测定,获得南天山蛇绿混杂岩基质黑云母石英片岩单矿物黑云母的两个坪年龄分别为(370.0±4.8)Ma和(259.0±3.3)Ma;中天山南缘长英质糜棱岩单矿物黑云母的坪年龄为(250.5±7.9)Ma,二云母花岗岩单矿物白云母的坪年龄为(348.9±0.3)Ma。结合南天山古生代沉积特征和塔里木及伊犁-哈萨克斯坦板块古地磁数据的综合分析,提出南天山晚泥盆世至石炭纪早期完成向伊犁-哈萨克斯坦板块的B型俯冲,中-晚二叠世进行陆内A型俯冲造山的板块碰撞演化模式。     

云南兰坪白秧坪铜钴多金属矿集区矿石中石英的40Ar-39Ar年龄

云南兰坪白秧坪铜钴多金属矿集区矿石中石英的⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar快中子活化年龄谱呈马鞍形,坪年龄为56.53±0.43Ma,最小视年龄为55.52±1.78Ma,等时线年龄为55.90±0.29Ma,三者在误差范围内一致(1σ)。⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar初始值为294.7±1.14,与尼尔值(295.5±5)十分接近,坪年龄和等时线年龄均可作为石英的形成时代。因此,55.90~56.53Ma(喜马拉雅早期)代表了矿床的成矿年龄。     

河北张－宣金矿区含金石英脉40Ar/39Ar年龄

为解决张-宣地区含金石英脉形成的时代,对区内5个典型金矿脉测定了⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar年龄,分别为:1362.0±24.8Ma,963.7±22.3Ma,579.6±8.5Ma,570.8±24.2Ma,167.9±1.2Ma.谱线特征均为马鞍形,最低视年龄为石英的结晶年龄。依次相当于晋宁运动中期,晋宁运动晚期,蓟县运动晚期和燕山运动中期。     

据40Ar/39Ar快中子年龄新资料讨论震旦系底界年龄

作者对相当于晋宁运动岩浆活动产物的湖北峡东黄陵岩体和江西九岭岩体分别进行了⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar快中子定年。对采自宜昌莲沱地区的黑云母斜长花岗岩体和黄陵庙黑云母花岗闪长岩体的样品测得两条年龄谱,HH-01黑云母的高温坪年龄为893.7±6.7Ma,HH-05角闪石坪年龄为886.4±4.6Ma。对采自江西宜丰黄岗口的九岭岩体中黑云母测得的高温坪年龄为937.1±6.4Ma。从上述三个年龄值,并综合以前测定的晋宁期侵入体的年龄值以及不整合面上覆盖层和基底最上部沉积层的一些年龄值认为,以900Ma作为震旦系底界年龄是合适的。     

清原树基沟英云闪长岩40Ar/39Ar年龄谱

清原太古代花岗-绿岩地体位于华北断块北缘,辽宁地块铁岭-靖宇古隆起中部,分布面积约8,000平方公里,花岗岩与绿岩出露面积比为2.5:1。绿岩地层自下而上分为石棚子组、红透山组和南天门组。石棚子组与红透山组整合接触,南天门组不整合于红透山组之上。     

多宝山斑岩铜矿区水热蚀变矿物的激光显微探针40Ar/39Ar定年

在利用脉冲显微激光探针⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar定年技术测定标准样品的J值和年龄适用范围的基础上,研究了黑龙江省嫩江县北部多宝山斑岩铜矿区水热成因矿物的年代学。结果表明,高钾含量的水热蚀变矿物适合于激光探针的表面微区测定,并且可以克服水热蚀变矿物中的³⁹Ar “反冲”丢失对年龄结果的影响。矿区的岩浆-水热事件主要有两期,分别为253-220Ma和184-162Ma,前者代表了成矿时代,后者反映出由成矿期后岩浆活动所引起的水热叠加事件。     

Shock implantation of Martian atmospheric argon in four basaltic shergottites: A laser probe Ar/Ar investigation

Spatially resolved argon isotope measurements have been performed on neutron-irradiated samples of two Martian basalts (Los Angeles and Zagami) and two Martian olivine-phyric basalts (Dar al Gani (DaG) 476 and North West Africa (NWA) 1068). With a ∼50 μm diameter focused infrared laser beam, it has been possible to distinguish between argon isotopic signatures from host rock (matrix) minerals and localized shock melt products (pockets and veins). The concentrations of argon in analyzed phases from all four meteorites have been quantified using the measured J values, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ratios and K₂O wt% in each phase. Melt pockets contain, on average, 10 times more gas (7-24 ppb ⁴⁰Ar) than shock veins and matrix minerals (0.3-3 ppb ⁴⁰Ar). The ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar ratio of the Martian atmosphere, estimated from melt pocket argon extractions corrected for cosmogenic ³⁶Ar, is: Los Angeles (∼1852), Zagami (∼1744) and NWA 1068 (∼1403). In addition, Los Angeles shows evidence for variable mixing of two distinct trapped noble gas reservoirs: (1) Martian atmosphere in melt pockets, and (2) a trapped component, possibly Martian interior (⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar: 480-490) in matrix minerals. Average apparent ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages determined for matrix minerals in the four analyzed meteorites are 1290 Ma (Los Angeles), 692 Ma (Zagami), 515 Ma (NWA 1068) and 1427 Ma (DaG 476). These ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar apparent ages are substantially older than the ∼170-474 Ma radiometric ages given by other isotope dating techniques and reveal the presence of trapped ⁴⁰Ar. Cosmic ray exposure (CRE) ages were measured using spallogenic ³⁶Ar and ³⁸Ar production. Los Angeles (3.1 ± 0.2 Ma), Zagami (2.9 ± 0.4 Ma) and NWA 1068 (2.0 ± 0.5 Ma) yielded ages within the range of previous determinations. DaG 476, however, yielded a young CRE age (0.7 ± 0.25 Ma), attributed to terrestrial alteration. The high spatial variation of argon indicates that the incorporation of Martian atmospheric argon into near-surface rocks is controlled by localized glass-bearing melts produced by shock processes. In particular, the larger (mm-size) melt pockets contain near end-member Martian atmospheric argon. Based on petrography, composition and argon isotopic data we conclude that the investigated melt pockets formed by localized in situ shock melting associated with ejection. Three processes may have led to atmosphere incorporation: (1) argon implantation due to atmospheric shock front collision with the Martian surface, (2) transformation of an atmosphere-filled cavity into a localized melt zone, and (3) shock implantation of atmosphere trapped in cracks, pores and fissures.     

The New CLOCIT Irradiation Facility for 40Ar/39Ar Geochronology: Characterisation,Comparison with CLICIT and Implications for High‐Precision Geochronology

The Cadmium‐Lined Outer‐Core Irradiation Tube (CLOCIT) is a new irradiation facility for ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar geochronology at the Oregon State University TRIGA^® reactor. We report fluence (i.e., time‐integrated flux) parameters from the first four CLOCIT irradiations and compare them with the existing Cadmium‐Lined Inner‐Core Irradiation Tube (CLICIT). CLOCIT provides an average neutron flux equivalent of 1.45–1.53 × 10^?4 J h^?1; about 55% of CLICIT. Radial fluence gradients were on the order of 0.2–4.2% cm^?1. A planar fit of J‐values results in residuals in the range of uncertainty in the J‐value, but systematic deviations resolve a non‐planar component of the neutron flux field, which has also been observed in CLICIT. Axial neutron fluence gradients were 0.6–1% cm^?1, compared with 0.7–1.6% cm^?1 for the CLICIT. Production rate ratios of interfering reactions were (⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar)_K = (4 ± 6) × 10^?4 and (³⁸Ar/³⁹Ar)_K = (1.208 ± 0.002) × 10^?2, (³⁶Ar/³⁷Ar)_Ca =  (2.649 ± 0.014) × 10^?4, (³⁸Ar/³⁷Ar)_Ca =  (3.33 ± 0.12) × 10^?5 and (³⁹Ar/³⁷Ar)_Ca =  (9.1 ± 0.28) × 10^?4, similar to the CLICIT values.     

柴北缘锡铁山榴辉岩退变质成因角闪石40Ar/39Ar年代学研究

采用激光阶段加热⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar技术,对柴达木盆地北缘锡铁山榴辉岩退变质作用形成的榴闪岩和斜长角闪岩之角闪石进行了定年分析。09NQ44Amp来自榴闪岩,各阶段表观年龄(以现代空气氩⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar比值295.5扣除非放射性成因⁴⁰Ar)构成了单调下降的阶梯状年龄谱。在反等时线图解上,2~4阶段数据点和5~18阶段数据点分别构成了两条等时线,等时年龄分别为427.6±10Ma和425.1±2.6Ma,对应的初始⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar比值则分别为435.2±6.1和705.3±13。角闪石09NQ43Amp来自榴辉岩强烈退变质作用形成的斜长角闪岩,⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar阶段加热分析也获得单调下降的年龄谱,在反等时线图解上其数据点3~6阶段和7~16阶段分别构成了两条等时线,等时年龄分别为418.9±2.9Ma和418.1±2.1Ma,对应的初始⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar比值则分别为493.7±2.8和685.8±34.3。等时线截距值高于现代大气⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar比值,表明角闪石中含过剩⁴⁰Ar。同时,由低温和中-高温阶段加热数据点分别构成两条等时年龄基本一致,截距值却明显不同的等时线,表明在角闪石热力学性质不同的源区,存在两期明显不同且未混合的初始捕获Ar组分。等时年龄425~418Ma代表的是锡铁山榴辉岩角闪岩相退变质作用发生的时间。等时线图解法虽然有效的校正了角闪石中的过剩⁴⁰Ar,但仅根据表观年龄图谱和等时线图谱还无法清晰判断过剩⁴⁰Ar在角闪石中的赋存状态,有待进一步探讨。     

长白山地区新生代火山岩的钾-氩年龄测定

长白山地区自晚第三纪以来有过多次火山活动,形成了大量的玄武岩和粗面岩,笔者运用钾-氩稀释法测定了这些火山岩的年龄,得到30多个表面年龄和4个等时年龄,年龄区间为19.91±0.20-0.0876±0.015百万年。     

I-Xe and 40Ar-39Ar analyses of silicate from the Eagle Station pallasite and the anomalous iron meteorite Enon

Silicate from two unusual iron-rich meteorites were analyzed by the I-Xe and ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar techniques, Enon, an anomalous iron meteorite with chondritic silicate, shows no loss of radiogenic ⁴⁰Ar at low temperature, and gives a plateau age of 4.59 ± 0.03 Ga. Although the Xe data fail to define an I-Xe correlation (possibly due to a very low iodine content), the inferred $\text{Pu}\text{U}$ ratio is more than 2σ above the chondritic value, and the Pu abundance derived from the concentration of Pu-fission Xe is 6 times greater than the abundance inferred for Cl meteorites. These findings for Enon, coupled with data for IAB iron meteorites, suggest that presence of chondritic silicate in an iron-rich meteorite is diagnostic of an old radiometric age with little subsequent thermal disturbance. The Eagle Station pallasite, the most ¹⁶O-rich meteorite known, gives a complex ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar age pattern which suggests a recent (?0.85 Ga) severe thermal disturbance. The absence of excess ¹²⁹Xe, and the low trapped Ar and Xe contents, are consistent with this interpretation. The similarity between ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar data for Eagle Station and for the olivine-rich meteorite Chassigny lends credence to the previous suggestion of a connection between Chassigny and pallasites, in the sense that similar processes operating at similar times on different parent bodies may have been involved in the formation of olivine in both types of meteorites.