滇东曲靖地区志留系层序地层特征和年代地层界线再讨论

曲靖地区志留—泥盆纪地层连续沉积，生物门类丰富，长期以来倍受国内外地质学家关注。笔者根据层序地层学理论和研究方法，在关底组至翠峰山组西山村段之间确定了３个三级相对海平面变化旋回（层序），这些三级旋回（层序）和旋回边界（层序边界）与Ｖａｉｌ等（１９７７）确定的全球性相对海平面变化旋回有很好的可比性。据此，结合生物组合分析曲靖地区志留系的年代界线为：（１）Ｓ Ｄ界线在玉龙寺组第二段之底（上易剥页岩之底、最大海泛面），但有一枚卢德洛上带化石Ｏｚａｒｋｏｄｉｎａｃｒｉｓｐａ出现在于上易剥页岩的中部；（２）Ｐｒｉｄｏｌｉａｎ Ｌｕｄｌｏｖｉａｎ界线置于妙高组第二段之底（第三个层序边界）；（３）Ｌｕｄｌｏｖｉａｎ Ｗｅｎｌｏｃｋｉａｎ界线置于关底组第一段上部（第二个层序边界）。     

中国泥盆纪含鱼地层时代之检讨

中国泥盆纪鱼化石之发现,远在民国初年(1913—1014),为丁文江先生在云南沾益翠峰山所采,该含鱼层尚有植物化石,经Halle教授鉴定,其主要者为Drepanophycus Spinseformis     

关于淮河下游地区泊岗组的存在及其时代问题

<正> 姜敦超的“淮河中、下游中更新统‘泊岗组’刍议”一文,对泊岗组为中更新统提出异议,认为这是“以讹传讹”,“实际上泊岗组并不存在”。这引起了我们讨论的兴趣。笔者从野外调查得到的实际资料出发,就以下几个问题提出我们的看法,与姜敦超商榷。 1.泊岗组是不是“峰山组”疏松砂岩的“风化层” 姜文把“广泛出露于泗洪县的峰山切岭工程、峰山镇(又称前窑)、后窑以及嘉山县泊     

中国胴甲类鱼化石的生物地层学意义

胴甲类(Antiarchi)鱼化石为中国泥盆纪的重要脊椎动物化石之一,其地理和地层分布均甚广,不仅分布于中、上泥盆统,而且广泛发现在下泥盆统,如广西的莲花山组、云南的面店村组和翠峰山组、贵州的乌当组、四川的平驿铺组。最近,在云南的晚志留世关底组底部亦有所发现,说明这类化石在我国比在世界其它各地的出现要早得多。 中国泥盆纪的胴甲类种属相当丰富,迄今为止,已描述了17个属(表1),但其中只有     

黑龙江翠宏山赋矿岩体时代学及地球动力学

<正>伊春-延寿成矿带处于华北板块、西伯利亚板块和古太平洋板块之间的构造叠加部位,是中国东北地区松辽地块的重要组成部分,翠宏山矿床位于伊春-延寿成矿带北段的五星-关松镇中间隆起带,是该成矿带上重要的矽卡岩型Fe-Mo-W多金属矿床,主要分为翠宏山、翠南和翠中三个矿段。区内出露的地层主要为下寒武统铅山组(?1q),局部出露少量上二叠统五道岭组(P3w)。矿区花岗质侵入岩发育,其中,白岗质碎裂花岗岩和花岗闪长岩在地表和近地表分布,呈岩株或岩枝状产出的黑云母花岗     

滇东曲靖、沾益地区下、中泥盆统岩石地层单位沿革概况及修订建议北大核心CSCD

滇东曲靖、沾益地区早、中泥盆世地层出露良好,动植物化石保存颇佳、类型丰富,是研究我国泥盆纪动植物演化及相关古生态和古气候问题的重要区域之一,但因受到地理名称变更等因素的影响,导致不同学者对研究区内岩石地层单位名称的使用持不同意见,甚至存在较大分歧。这些分歧阻碍了研究区内泥盆纪地层的划分与对比,不利于进一步的学术交流与研究。针对该问题,根据在该地区中重新实测的下、中泥盆统剖面数据,并结合《中国地层指南及中国地层指南说明书》(修订版)中的规定和公开发表的相关地层标准化建议的文章,同时参考《中国岩石地层词典》和《中国地层名称》,对研究区内的岩石地层单位的沿革概况进行了重新梳理,整理了研究区内下、中泥盆统地层单位的同物异名和异物同名,并对它们的有效性和合法性进行了讨论。最终提出滇东曲靖、沾益地区下、中泥盆统岩石地层单位由老至新应为:下西山村组、西屯组、桂家屯组、徐家冲组、穿洞组和上双河组,并由前四个地层单位共同组成"翠峰山群",后两个组构成"西冲群"。     

滇东曲靖、沾益地区下、中泥盆统岩石地层单位沿革概况及修订建议

滇东曲靖、沾益地区早、中泥盆世地层出露良好,动植物化石保存颇佳、类型丰富,是研究我国泥盆纪动植物演化及相关古生态和古气候问题的重要区域之一,但因受到地理名称变更等因素的影响,导致不同学者对研究区内岩石地层单位名称的使用持不同意见,甚至存在较大分歧。这些分歧阻碍了研究区内泥盆纪地层的划分与对比,不利于进一步的学术交流与研究。针对该问题,根据在该地区中重新实测的下、中泥盆统剖面数据,并结合《中国地层指南及中国地层指南说明书》(修订版)中的规定和公开发表的相关地层标准化建议的文章,同时参考《中国岩石地层词典》和《中国地层名称》,对研究区内的岩石地层单位的沿革概况进行了重新梳理,整理了研究区内下、中泥盆统地层单位的同物异名和异物同名,并对它们的有效性和合法性进行了讨论。最终提出滇东曲靖、沾益地区下、中泥盆统岩石地层单位由老至新应为:下西山村组、西屯组、桂家屯组、徐家冲组、穿洞组和上双河组,并由前四个地层单位共同组成"翠峰山群",后两个组构成"西冲群"。     

湘南下泥盆统源口组孢子组合及其地层意义

通过湖南南部下泥盆统源口组孢子研究,确定源口组为早泥盆世西根阶(Siegenian)。本文图示源口组孢子22属,44种和变种,其中新种3个,即Apiculiretusisporahunanensis,Amocosporites hunanensis和Apiculatasporites yuankouensis。源口组孢子组合可与云南曲靖下泥盆统翠峰山群上部桂家屯组、四川龙门山下泥盆统平驿铺群上部关山坡组和广西横县六景下泥盆统纳高岭组孢子组合比较,亦可与西欧、北美早泥盆世四根阶孢子带对比。源口组孢子组合研究不仅有重要的地层和古生物意义,而且对沉积环境和古地理研究也有重要意义。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西南部华亭—陇县地区志丹群的叶肢介

鄂尔多斯盆地西南部的志丹群颇为发育,出露良好,含有丰富的叶肢介化石。在甘肃华亭-陕西陇县地区的峰山组、泾川组以及华池-环河组首次发现并采集到丰富的叶肢介化石,经研究有3属29种:Qaidamestheria 8新种,Yanjiestheria 18种(新种6个),Palaeolimnadia3新种。根据Yanjiestheria动物群的特征,本文认为志丹群泾川组应归为早白垩世;峰山组连续沉积在泾川组之上,划归早白垩世比较妥当;华池-环河组暂归为早白垩世。     

滇东南曼龙沟金矿地质地球化学特征

曼龙沟金矿是云南化探找金的成功案例,1997年云南省地矿局物化探队进行异常查证,并取得突破.多年来一直边探边采,已发现金矿（化）体十余个.该矿地处扬子克拉通西南缘,越北古陆北缘,次级构造单元为滇东南褶皱带.区内出露古生界中、上寒武统（ C2-3）白云岩、灰岩、泥灰岩,下奥陶统南津关组（O1n）白云岩、分乡组粉砂岩（O1f）、红花园组（O1hh）灰岩,下泥盆翠峰山组（D1C）、粉砂岩、页岩,坡脚组（D1p）粉砂泥岩,芭蕉箐组（D1b）泥灰岩、白云岩.     

云南的早期脊椎动物化石研究

我国云南是世界上早期脊椎动物化石的重要产地,古生代中期的鱼类不仅门类齐全,而且大多出现时代早、地区性属种多,其中不少化石材料如今已成为探讨如脊椎动物起源、硬骨鱼类起源、四足动物起源等一系列生命史中重大课题的关键资料。主要对古生代中期云南早期脊椎动物化石的研究做一个系统、全面的回顾与总结,并在此基础上对未来有关研究的重点与方向进行了展望。在探索生物演化格局的同时,不仅要加强对演化机制、环境以及古地理背景的研究,而且更要强调多学科的交叉与融合,充分利用我国古生代中期丰富的鱼类化石资料,在早期脊椎动物系统演化、古地理与古气候等方面做出原创性的成果。     

贵州关岭生物群中发现完美的植物化石

关岭生物群是指贵州关岭一带以大量海生爬行动物和海百合为特色的多门类化石群［１］，现已成为中国重要的化石宝库之一，但以往一直没有植物化石的报道。近些年来，笔者等在该地产海生爬行动物的同一层位中首次发现较多的植物化石，经鉴定为CtenozamitessarraniZeiller和Equisetitesare－naceus（Jaeger）Bronn．。这些植物化石的发现不仅增添了关岭生物群的组成内容，而且为海生爬行动物时代的确定提供了新的证据。植物化石产于关岭县新铺乡小凹组（原称“瓦窑组”）近底部。小凹组主要系一套海相不纯碳酸盐岩沉积，由灰、深灰、灰黑色…     

Devonian formations,vertebrate faunas and age control on the far south coast of New South Wales and adjacent Victoria

A diverse fossil vertebrate record in the Devonian of coastal southeastern Australia includes at least 30 genera and species representing all three major groups of extant jawed vertebrates (bony and cartilaginous fishes, and tetrapods), and both extinct groups (placoderm and acanthodian fishes). A bone recorded by W. B. Clarke in 1860 from Twofold Bay is the first published record of a Devonian vertebrate from the Southern Hemisphere. Abundant plant remains at some localities include large impressions of arborescent lycopsids, indicating one of the earliest forest environments for the Gondwana supercontinent. An early terrestrial invertebrate fauna is evidenced by fossil millipede remains. A review of the evidence for age control using paleontology and isotopic dating suggests that the lower part of the Devonian sequence (Bunga beds, Boyd Volcanic Complex) may be somewhat older (Emsian – Eifelian) than recently proposed; the tetrapod trackways at Genoa River in Victoria (lower part of the Combyingbar Formation) may correlate with the lowermost Twofold Bay Formation of the Merrimbula Group, which is overlain by the marine Bellbird Creek Formation, a manifestation of the global late Frasnian marine transgression and extinction event. Abundant placoderm remains at all higher fossil fish horizons in the overlying Worange Point Formation indicate a latest Devonian rather than Carboniferous age for the upper Merrimbula Group.     

Brackish water faunas from the St Maughans Formation: The Old Red Sandstone section at Ammons Hill,Hereford and Worcester,UK, re-examined

The disused railway cutting at Ammons Hill, Hereford and Worcester, exposes a sequence of beds belonging to the Devonian St Maughans Formation of Lochkovian (Gedinnian) age. The beds are of Old Red Sandstone facies, but contain brackish water faunas. These faunas occur at a level generally considered to be above the level of marine influence that affected the older Raglan Mudstone Formation of mainly Přídolí Series age. The section, described by King in 1934, is now overgrown, but was excavated in 1986 by the British Geological Survey during its survey of the Worcester 1:50000 sheet. The evidence of the section calls for slight amendment of Allen's (1985) model of an interrupted transition from marine deposition in Ludlow time to freshwater deposition in Gedinnian time that was complete by the time of the formation of a regionally extensive calcrete palaeosol, the Psammosteus Limestone. Subsequent transgressive events took place before the establishment of apparently wholly fluvial and floodplain environments.     

我国南海海鱼中有机氯农药残留分析

建立了凝胶渗透色谱前处理,毛细管气相色谱测定我国南海海鱼中11种有机氯农药的方法。分析了油鲽鱼块、鲷鱼片、银鳕鱼、哈哈鱼块、海鳗鱼中的有机氯农药残留情况,发现在禁用20多年后,六六六(HCHs)、滴滴涕(DDTs)、狄氏剂、环氧七氯在鱼肉中均有不同程度的检出,其中滴滴涕的残留水平最高达到26.73μg/kg。研究发现我国南海海鱼中4种HCH的总残留量高于北京市场上的淡水鱼的残留水平;多数有机氯农药残留污染的平均水平也高于英国和巴西等国鱼类的水平。南海海鱼中有机氯农药残留水平具有指示环境污染的意义。     

Modeling Potential Shifts in Hawaiian Anchialine Pool Habitat and Introduced Fish Distribution due to Sea Level Rise

Global mean sea levels may rise between 0.75 and 1.9 m by 2100 changing the distribution and community structure of coastal ecosystems due to flooding, erosion, and saltwater intrusion. Although habitats will be inundated, ecosystems have the potential to shift inland, and endemic species may persist if conditions are favorable. Predictions of ecosystem migration due to sea level rise need to account for current stressors, which may reduce the resilience of these ecosystems. This study predicts the potential consequences of sea level rise on the groundwater-fed anchialine pool ecosystem in Hawaii. Scenarios of marine and groundwater inundation were compared with current patterns of habitat, introduced fishes, and land use. Results show that current habitats containing endemic anchialine shrimp will be increasingly inundated by marine waters. New habitats will emerge in areas that are low lying and undeveloped. Because of subsurface hydrologic connectivity, endemic shrimp are likely to populate these new habitats by moving through the coastal aquifer. In some areas, rising sea levels will provide surface connectivity between pools currently containing introduced fishes (tilapia, poeciliids) and up to 46 % of new or existing pools that do not contain these fish. Results predicting future habitat distribution and condition due to sea level rise will support conservation planning. Additionally, the interdisciplinary approach may provide guidance for efforts in other coastal aquatic ecosystems.     

贵州关岭生物群中植物化石的发现及其意义

关岭生物群是近年来在我国贵州关岭地区瓦窑组中发现的一个十分重要的生物群 ,其中的植物化石经研究计有 Equisetites cf.arenaceus(Jaeger) Bronn.、Ctenozamitessarrani Zeiller。依据植物化石 C.sarrani常见于晚三叠世和 E.cf.arenaceus系似木贼属中较古老的类型 ,指出含植物化石的地层时代为晚三叠世卡尼期。瓦窑组系海相沉积 ,其中的植物化石无疑为异地埋藏 ,但从化石通常保存尚好来看 ,估计搬运的距离不会很远 ,它们可能是从距海岸不远的陆地被河流带到较平静的海湾或海槽而沉积下来的。此外 ,从该组植物茎干化石具清楚的年轮分析 ,推测卡尼期时 ,贵州关岭一带为非热带雨林地区 ,一年中气候不是四季如一 ,而是有明显的季节变化     

An assessment of habitat use by larval fishes in a warm temperate estuarine creek using light traps

Habitat use by larval fishes was investigated in a tidal creek of the Swartkops estuary, South Africa, during a trial study using light traps. A total of 12 fish families represented by 28 species were recorded during October and November 2000. Fishes caught were predominantly in a postflexion stage of larval development although preflexion larvae and some early juveniles were also recorded. The distribution of larval fishes indicated that fishes were influenced by proximity to either channel or littoral regions of the creek rather than showing specific preferences for eelgrass covered areas. Estuary-dependent marine species were caught in higher numbers along the margins of the estuary. Length frequencies of both estuary-resident and estuary-dependent marine fishes showed that larger individuals were found in the littoral regions suggesting active migration of these fishes to the margins. Catches of straggler marine species were higher in the channel areas and showed no difference in size distribution between littoral and channel sites. Estuary-dependent species may be using marginal areas as a means of avoiding high flow in the channel and as a predator avoidance mechanism. Light traps were found to be a useful sampling device for localized studies on the early life stages of fishes in an estuary.     

云南罗平中三叠世安尼期生物群的发现及其意义

本文介绍了云南罗平地区新发现的罗平生物群的产出层位、生物面貌、保存特征、古地理位置及其研究意义。该生物群产于关岭组二段薄层泥晶灰岩中,地层对比和化石鉴定表明其时代为中三叠世安尼期,以鱼类为主,伴生有爬行类、两栖类（？）、棘皮动物、节肢动物（甲壳类、昆虫等）、双壳类、腹足类以及植物化石;化石保存完好,分布广泛,埋藏方式独特。罗平生物群无论在丰度、分异度及化石保存上都极为罕见和独特,对研究埋藏学、古生态学、古地理以及三叠纪海洋生物尤其是海生爬行类都具有极为重要的意义。     

中三叠世安尼期罗平生物群海生爬行类研究新进展

2007年,中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心云南1∶5万区域地质调查项目组在距罗平县城东南15 km的罗雄镇大洼子村附近中三叠统关岭组二段地层中发现了罗平生物群。罗平生物群目前已经发现有海生爬行类、鱼类、节肢动物、棘皮动物、菊石、双壳、腹足类、腕足类、植物等十多个大类的化石,完好地体现了当时海洋生物的多样性,是目前已知化石分异度最高的三叠纪海生化石库之一。根据含化石地层中发现的微体化石牙形石Nicoraella Kockeli带,确认罗平生物群时代为中三叠世安尼期Pelsonian亚期。罗平生物群目前发现的海生爬行类种类丰富,基本涵盖了三叠纪时期主要的海生爬行类别,包括鱼龙类、鳍龙类、原龙类以及初龙类。中生代是对海生爬行类至关重要的时期。由于一直没有发现它们留下的遗迹化石,它们的运动模式还一直存在争议。云南罗平生物群海生爬行类研究中发现数百枚保存完好的幻龙类足迹——罗平双桨迹Dikoposichnus luopingensis,为研究其运动模式提供了直接的证据。另外罗平生物群中巨型捕食者张氏幻龙Nothosaurus zhangi的发现也支持了罗平双桨迹造迹者的存在。张氏幻龙拥有三叠纪世界上最大的头骨,这些处于食物链顶层的海生爬行类的繁盛说明当时生态系统已经很完善,代表了二叠纪末生物大灭绝之后海洋生态系统的全面复苏。