黄河断流成因与对策研究

从地球科学“人为地质作用理论”出发，分析了黄河下游断流的严重性与危害性后认为，黄河下游断流不仅对黄河流域及整个中国生态环境产生重大影响，而且对社会经济发展以及可持续发展产生严重后果。在探讨了黄河下游断流的成因后认为，黄河下游断流有自然的原因和人为的原因，其中人类活动、人类工程活动及其人为地质作用的负面影响是黄河断流最主要的原因之一，从而提出解决黄河下游断流的科学对象，包括科学保护、科学开发、科学利用水资源以及暂缓实施南水北调中、西线工程等的若干建议。     

黄河中游府谷-吴堡区间水文特性分析

府谷-吴堡区间是黄河泥沙和暴雨洪水的主要来源区之一,该区间洪水对黄河下游防洪及河床演变有很大影响。应用最新资料,分析了区间降水、径流、泥沙、洪水等水文要素的特性,以期对区间各水文站的洪水测报及黄河下游的防汛和水资源利用等有所帮助。     

黄河下游河道改道问题探讨

本文从黄河下游华北沉降盆地的基底构造,河沙淤积、地貌形态特征诸方面论述了黄河下游河道改道的必然性,指出黄河下游决堤改道的危险河段在河南、重点花园口至高村河道段。为了防止黄河河道失控,避免决堤改道造成巨大经济损失,提出了黄河下游局部改道（花园口一张庄闸人工造黄河河道）的设想,对黄河下游防洪治河具有重要的实际意义。     

黄河小浪底至花园口干流区间洪水预报

黄河下游干流河道是我国防洪的重点河段,遇大洪水或特大洪水一旦出事影响范围极广,因此做好该河段洪水预报,进行合理调度,确保防洪安全具有极其重要的意义。     

河南省黄河下游重大生态环境地质问题及对策研究

文章在收集分析大量最新资料基础上，简述了河南省黄河下游存在的水资源持续衰减，水质污染，地面沉降，地裂缝，水土环境异常，黄河断流及影响黄河下游河道稳定的河道淤积与悬差，活动断裂，基底活动性等重大生态环境问题，根据溃决和冲决两种模式分析评价结果，以及专家评价系统，从环境工程地质角度，对不是堤岸段进行稳定评价，对已出现的重大环境地质问题提出了相应的防治对策，对国土资源开发，地质灾害评估，防洪抢险，地质生态环境保护及管理，具有较高的参考价值。     

黄河下游防洪工程体系减灾效益计算模型研究

以黄河下游防洪工程体系为背景,系统研究了防洪工程体系减灾效益计算有关水文、水力学、工程、经济等方面的问题,提出了防洪工程体系减灾效益计算的整体思想,开发了相应的计算模型。研究中还开发了用于分析黄河下游防洪保护区12万km2范围决堤洪水成灾状况的二维非恒定流模型。结合黄河下游防洪保护区具体情况,提出了财产状况、洪灾损失率、地形地物数据等减灾效益计算的重要参数。实例计算结果表明:模型计算结果合理,对解决防洪工程体系减灾效益计算问题是非常有效的。     

大通河跨流域引水和梯级水电站建设对径流的影响分析

大通河是黄河上游支流—湟水的最大一级支流,流域呈狭长地带,地形西北高,东南低,干流全长560.7 km,天然落差2 793 m,流域面积15 130 km2,占湟水流域总面积的46%。运用1956~2015年60年实测流域长系列水文资料,对黄河流域上游湟水水系的大通河径流量变化特征分析,结果显示,大通河流域近20 a径流量总体呈衰减趋势,天堂~享堂站径流量随河长及集水面积增加而减小,水资源开发利用影响自上游至下游逐渐显著。而梯级电站对对流域洪水过程影响较大,人为蓄放水,使天然的洪水过程由平稳状态转变为剧烈变化状态,对局部河段的冲刷作用加剧,对河床和两岸的稳定性以及下游河段防洪造成一定的影响。水资源密集开发等人类活动使大通河中下游河段生态环境呈现破碎化、片断化发展趋势。研究结果可为最大限度地减轻人类活动对河流特性、自然生态的影响提供基础依据。     

黄河下游（山东段）主要生态环境地质问题及对策

在收集分析大量最新资料基础上,阐述了黄河下游（山东段）存在的水质污染、地下水资源短缺,以及地面沉降、地裂缝、地面塌陷、砂土液化、土壤盐渍化、黄河堤防河道稳定性等主要生态环境地质问题,并提出了区内主要生态环境地质问题的防治对策,这对黄河下游（山东段）国土资源开发、防灾、黄河＂治黄＂与防洪减灾、地质生态环境保护及管理等,具有较高的参考价值。     

黄河安危事关大局，治黄研究刻不容缓

根据黄河下游洪泛危险日趋严重的情况,介绍了防洪治沙科学技术方面的一些观点、办法;说明了控制黄河中游水土流失任务的重要性与艰巨性;阐述了黄河系统研究的必要性,并提出了有关具体建议。     

黄河山东东明河段堤防工程裂缝成因及防治对策

黄河下游堤防工程的建设为防洪安全提供了可靠保障.但由于多种原因,目前在已经完成的黄河山东东明河段标准化堤防工程的多处出现了裂缝,裂缝的产生势必影响到堤防工程的安全,因此有必要对裂缝的形成原因进行分析,从而提出预防对策及其处理措施,进而为下一步的黄河堤防工程建设提供技术支撑.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861