构造叠加晕法预测盲矿的关键技术

构造叠加晕找盲矿法已在50多个危机矿山深部找矿预测应用,矿山验证预测靶位取得找盲矿显著效果,其关键技术有四个:①第一手资料的获取:构造叠加晕特殊的采样方法;②研究和发现每次成矿形成矿体-原生晕的轴向分带;③识别不同期次成矿形成矿体-原生晕在构造空间上的叠加结构;④预测靶位的定位。文章介绍了四个关键技术的研究思路与方法。     

构造叠加晕在石英脉型钨矿床攻深找盲中的应用——以赣南盘古山钨矿床盲3号脉为例

南岭地区地质工作程度相对较高,深部第二空间找矿已迫在眉睫,新方法、新技术及深部找矿预测模型创新已成为深部找矿取得突破的关键因素。原生晕分带研究被广泛运用于金、银、铜、铅、锌等矿床深部及外围找矿预测,取得较好找矿效果。为了探求新的钨矿床深部找矿方法,更快速有效地圈定深部预测靶区,评价深部找矿潜力,以原生晕轴向分带理论为指导,对赣南盘古山钨矿床盲3号脉6个中段沿脉采取的样品选择W、Sn、Mo、Bi、Cu、Zn、Ag、Li、Be、Mn、Ti、As、Sb、Co和Ni元素分析热液钨矿床原生晕分带特征,构建盲3号脉的深部构造叠加晕模型,定位预测深部潜力靶位。盘古山钨矿床盲3号脉原生晕分带研究表明:Mo、Sn、Bi、Cu、Zn和Ag异常晕与矿体中心相距在60 m范围内,为近矿晕指示元素;Mn、Ti、As、Sb、Co异常晕发育于钨矿体前缘,与矿体中心相距180 m～240 m,为前缘晕指示元素。根据建立的盲3号脉构造叠加晕模型,预测35 m标高靶位2个(靶位①、②),-25 m标高靶位1个(靶位③),-145 m标高靶位2个(靶位④、⑤),其中靶位①和靶位②已得到工程验证;同时指示盲3号脉成矿热液由深到浅,由东南往西北方向运移,与其成矿关系密切的隐伏花岗岩体侵位较深,预示盲3号脉东南部深部靶位④、⑤尤其靶位⑤具较大找矿潜力。     

甘肃肃北贾公台金矿构造叠加晕特征及深部找矿预测

通过对贾公台金矿开展系统的原生晕研究工作,初步建立了矿区原生叠加晕轴向分带(自上而下):W-Mo-Bi-Ni-Co-Cu-Zn-Pb-Ag-Au-Sb-As,认为区内成矿热液具有多期次叠加成矿的特点,深部前缘晕元素异常发育,预示深部找矿前景较好,预测深部盲矿靶位在3200 m标高以下。     

矿床原生地球化学晕分带性研究

矿床原生地球化学晕的分带性,可以反映出成矿成晕元素在成矿地球化学过程中于空间上的积聚规律,对找矿勘探、深部预测和矿床剥蚀程度的判断具有重要意义.在此以岔河锡矿为例进行分析,主要介绍和推荐关于岩浆气液矿床原生晕指示元素分带方向及分带序列的计算方法,用于勘查地球化学、矿产地质和潜在资源量预测工作中.     

基于三维地质建模及可视化的大比例尺深部找矿预测研究及应用:以内蒙古柳坝沟矿区为例

随着三维地质信息技术的发展完善,三维预测是大比例尺深部找矿预测的重要途径和发展趋势。文中以内蒙古柳坝沟矿区313号脉为例,探讨了基于三维地质建模及可视化进行大比例尺三维深部综合找矿预测的技术流程和方法,通过对矿区地层、构造、岩脉、矿体和蚀变带的三维地质建模及可视化成矿地质条件分析,结合原生晕三维异常分析,建立了矿区钾硅化蚀变岩型金矿的综合找矿模型;通过三维块体建模及三维成矿预测因子的量化运算,采用要素叠加法完成了矿区3个预测靶区的圈定与评价。结果表明：柳坝沟313号脉中东部深部仍有较大的找矿潜力;基于三维地质建模及可视化的大比例尺找矿预测方法科学有效。     

石英脉型钨矿原生晕特征及深部成矿定位预测——以赣南淘锡坑钨矿11号脉为例

以往对金、银、铜、铅、锌等矿床的原生晕研究较多,而对钨矿床原生晕的研究很少。为了探求新的钨矿找矿思路,更快速有效地圈定预测靶区、进而发现隐伏矿体,本文以原生晕轴向分带理论为指导,对赣南淘锡坑钨矿11号脉6个中段内沿脉所采的样品选取W、Zn、Au、Ag、Co、Mn、As、Sb及Ce、Hf、Lu和Yb来分析钨矿原生晕的结构,建立了该矿脉的原生晕叠加模型,继而预测靶区。结果表明,Zn、Au、Ag、Co、Mn、Ce、Hf、Lu和Yb异常晕与矿体中心的距离在50m范围内,为近矿晕指示元素;As、Sb异常晕发育于钨矿体前缘,与矿体中心相距200～250m,为前缘晕指示元素;根据该矿脉原生晕模型特征,预测了56m标高的3个靶位和-144m标高的3个靶位,其中靶位1和靶位2最具找矿潜力。     

盲源分离技术在化探数据处理中的思考与探索

化探数据处理是矿产预测中的重要环节,传统处理方法基于单因素分析,而且假设化探数据是正态分布或对数正态分布。实际上化探数据由于地质成因与地质过程具有高度复杂性和非线性性,综合性指示才能有效反映出矿体的存在。盲源分离技术可以从多维信号中分解出若干独立成分,因此可以利用盲源分离技术探索从化探数据中提取最易致矿的元素组合来指导矿产勘探。通过对目标区域水系沉积物测量数据和矿体数据的应用分析,可以看出盲源分离技术对区域地球化学数据分析和原生晕地球化学分析具有良好的应用效果,能够反映矿点的分布,可以用于矿体的深部预测。     

广西昭平大王顶金矿床深部盲矿预测的构造叠加晕模型

广西大王顶金矿为热液型金矿,成矿严格受岩体和构造控制,成矿具有多期多阶段叠加特点。文章总结了该矿床及不同阶段元素组合,在研究单一次成矿形成的原生晕轴向分带和识别出不同成矿阶段形成矿体(晕)在空间上的叠加结构基础上,建立了矿床的构造叠加晕模式,确定了盲矿预测标志,对矿床深部给出了盲矿靶位。     

物探方法在矿产预测中的应用

在综合信息矿产预测中,物探方法在划分大地构造单元,识别断裂构造、地层和岩体信息方面可发挥独特作用,重磁可以作为预测要素参与综合信息找矿预测和评价,也可在识别隐伏矿、深部矿方面发挥很好的作用。总结了重磁方法在矿产预测方面的技术特点和流程。     

甘肃寨上金矿南矿带构造叠加晕实用模型及深部找矿预测

为了研究甘肃寨上金矿南矿带矿体隐伏规律,预测深部找矿远景,基于构造叠加晕找矿方法对该矿床南矿带深部找矿潜力进行探讨。对南矿带32号脉9种金属元素(Au、Ag、As、Bi、Cu、Pb、Sb、W、Zn)的测试数据进行数学地质分析,结果表明Au与As具有较好的相关性,是找矿的指示元素;As与Sb、Cu与Bi的相关系数分别为0.586、0.945,可能与它们在热液上升过程中靠近矿体的头部和尾部有关。基于对矿区9种元素的数学统计分析并与中国金矿床原生晕综合轴向(垂向)分带序列对比,得到寨上矿区理想原生晕分带序列为:As-Sb(前缘晕)→Pb-Ag-Au-Zn-W(近矿晕)→Cu-Bi(尾晕);根据改良的格里戈良分带指数法得到各勘探线轴向分带序列,前、尾晕共存等“反分带”现象的出现表明存在多次热液叠加作用。使用克里金插值法得到衬值晕分带图,显示矿体向东倾覆,含矿热液应从东南向西北运移,剥蚀程度自东向西加强。在野外地质工作的基础上,结合矿区地质特征和元素空间分布规律,建立了南矿带构造叠加晕实用模型。根据原生晕找矿特征标志,32号脉东南部67线深处的有利成矿空间指示有矿,并将其定成预测靶位。通过布设钻孔ZK67-0验证了预测靶位的准确性,表明构造叠加晕实用模型在寨上金矿找矿预测具有可行性。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with